What are the shortcomings of analyzing the early Enlightenment thought represented by Huang Zongxi? What insights can be drawn from this? urgent! Detailed answer

People of that era were unable to escape the shackles of "monarchy thinking". In terms of ideology, he only wanted to improve the relationship between monarch and ministers, not democratic revolution. Huang Zongxi developed the idea of ??Mencius' people-centered theory that "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the king is the least". It is obvious that he did not break out of the Confucian ideals of Taoism, morality, politics, and governance, such as sage kings and virtuous ministers. The various ideas he put forward only aimed at limiting the power of the monarch, but did not propose that sovereignty rested with the people and that politics must be determined by the general will. In fact, this is a necessary condition for modern democratic theory. Fundamentally speaking: Huang Zongxi is a Taoist gentleman in traditional society who is dedicated to mending the sky, rather than a so-called gravedigger of the traditional political system; his political philosophy is still the orthodox Confucian political philosophy that serves the traditional royal power.

Huang Zongxi was a man of great talent and erudition, and made great achievements in the study of classics, astronomy, arithmetic, music, and Taoism. He especially made great achievements in the history of the Qing Dynasty when compiling the "History of the Ming Dynasty". ".

In terms of philosophy and political thought, he is a critic of the autocratic monarchy from a "people-oriented" standpoint. He can be called the first person to enlighten China's thoughts. His political ideals are mainly Concentrated in the book "Ming Yi Dai Fong Lu", there are thirteen chapters in this book. This book conveys the radiant democratic spirit to the world by criticizing the autocratic monarchy system in the world. It was extremely valuable in the extremely dark social environment at that time.

Huang Zongxi believed that in order to limit the power of the monarch, we must first clearly understand the relationship between the monarch and his ministers, and "the monarch must be responsible for the relationship between the monarch and his ministers." The feudal principle of "if the minister dies, the minister must die" was a powerful impact.

Huang Zongxi, Gu Yanwu, and Wang Fuzhi were also known as the three major thinkers in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties; together with his younger brothers Huang Zongyan and Huang Zonghui, they were known as the Three Huangs in Eastern Zhejiang; Along with Gu Yanwu, Fang Yizhi, Wang Fuzhi, and Zhu Shunshui, Huang Zongxi is also known as the "Father of Chinese Ideological Enlightenment". Huang Zongxi, a representative figure of the emergence of Chinese folk-centered thought in the Ming Dynasty, "Mingyi Waiting Record" is an important work in this regard. Huang Zongxi proposed that "the world is the master and the king is the guest" and officials should "serve the world, not the king; All peoples do not have the same surname." "What the Emperor is is not necessarily what he is, and what the Emperor is not is not necessarily wrong." "There are laws to govern, and then there are laws to govern people." "The tools for governing the world must all come from schools." "It's not about schools" and other viewpoints. Some scholars believe that Huang Zongxi's thoughts still belong to the king and do not meet the standards of modern democratic thoughts. Some scholars believe that Huang Zongxi's thoughts are modern democratic thoughts and are based on the theory of civil rights. It also surpassed Rousseau in Europe.