How to post Spring Festival couplets?

Usually, Spring Festival couplets have two direct couplets and one horizontal couplet, and the last word of each direct couplet has the rhyme of flat, up, qu and ru [close to the current four-tone method of national voice, but with differences]. The correct method is:

The words "Shang Sheng, De Sheng, Ru Sheng" are the upper part.

Flat tone is the bottom link,

Red Spring Festival couplets express the hope for the new year, and set off a strong festive atmosphere. They are an important carrier to express traditional culture in the form of folk art, and there are many stresses on pasting Spring Festival couplets. If you don't stick to them properly, you will be laughed at.

The traditional way to paste Spring Festival couplets is that when facing the gate, the upper couplet is on the right, the lower couplet is on the left, and the order of banners is from right to left. The other is the commonly used paste method. After liberation, because the horizontal writing format was changed from left to right, Spring Festival couplets can also be hung left and right, and the order of banners is also from left to right, which is suitable for people's reading habits. It is not appropriate to mix two Spring Festival couplets together.

relevant knowledge

The origin of posting Spring Festival couplets and doors;

The Spring Festival is the "first of a hundred festivals" of the Chinese nation. In the historical civilization of China, there are many customs to celebrate the Spring Festival. Up to now, among the people, especially in rural areas, the most widely preserved customs are posting Spring Festival couplets and posting doors.

Putting up Spring Festival couplets is the first thing people do to celebrate the Spring Festival. Whenever the Spring Festival approaches, every household will put brand-new Spring Festival couplets on both sides of the gate, with black characters on a red background, which is steady and bright. Express a family's good wishes for new things, such as "six animals are prosperous and five crops are plentiful". Some Spring Festival couplets also focus on reflecting different "happiness views" of different industries and families. Therefore, it is undoubtedly a meaningful way to observe folk customs to carefully study the Spring Festival couplets posted by people during the Spring Festival.

When did the custom of pasting Spring Festival couplets begin? So far, there is no accurate material research. But it probably started in the post-Shu period more than 1000 years ago, which can be confirmed in historical records. Besides, according to Wang Zhu's Collection and Sui Ji of Yanjing, the original form of Spring Festival couplets is what people call "Fu Tao".

In the ancient mythology of China, it is said that there is a ghost world, in which there is a mountain, a big peach tree covering three thousand miles, and a golden rooster at the top of the tree. Whenever the golden rooster crows in the morning, the ghost who travels at night will rush back to the ghost domain. The Gate of Ghost Domain is located in the northeast of Taoshu District, and there are two gods standing by the door, namely shentu and Lei Yu. If the ghost does something unnatural at night, Shencha and Lei Yu will immediately find it, catch it, tie it with a rope made of Miscanthus, and give it to the tiger. So ghosts all over the world are afraid of tea and stagnation. So people carved them into peach trees and put them at their doorsteps to ward off evil spirits and prevent harm. Later, people simply carved the names of Shencha and Lei Yu on the mahogany board, thinking that this could also eliminate disasters. This kind of red board was later called "Fu Tao". In the Song Dynasty, people began to write couplets on mahogany boards, one for killing evil spirits, the other for expressing good wishes, and the third for decorating the portal for beauty. They also write couplets on red paper symbolizing happiness and auspiciousness, and stick them on both sides of doors and windows during the Spring Festival to express people's good wishes for good luck in the coming year.

In order to pray for family happiness, people in many places still keep the habit of sticking up doors. It is said that there are two door gods on the gate, and all monsters will be afraid. In the folk, the gatekeeper is a symbol of righteousness and strength, so the gatekeeper in our country always glows, holding all kinds of traditional weapons, ready to fight with ghosts who dare to come to the door. Generally speaking, the doors of residential houses are two opposite, so the door gods are always in pairs. Before the Tang Dynasty, it is still unknown whether there was a keeper. If there is, it is probably the magic tea and the jade base. The appearance of these two gods ranges from ten to strange and fierce-the ancients thought that people with strange looks often had magical temperament and extraordinary skills. Although they look fierce, they are honest and kind-hearted. Catching ghosts is not only their responsibility, but also their nature. As many people know, Zhong Kui, the ghost catcher, is like this.

After the Tang Dynasty, besides peace, people also regarded Qin and Weichi Gong, two military commanders of the Tang Dynasty, as gatekeepers. According to legend, Emperor Taizong was ill, heard ghosts screaming outside, and stayed up all night. So he asked the two generals to stand by with weapons in their hands, and there was no ghost harassment the next night. Later, Emperor Taizong had the images of these two generals painted and pasted on the door, and this custom began to spread widely among the people.

Spring Festival is the first and most important traditional festival of the Lunar New Year in the eyes of China people. As the Spring Festival approaches, thousands of families write and paste Spring Festival couplets, which is a national custom that has been circulated for thousands of years, symbolizing good luck and expressing people's yearning for a better life. This is unique in the world. Mr. Zhou, a master of contemporary art, said: "Spring Festival couplets are the greatest, most magnificent and unparalleled literary activities in the world."

As early as the Warring States period more than two thousand years ago, the Central Plains region hung "peach stalks" on the Spring Festival, also known as "peach symbols". Fu Cha Dunchong's Yanjing Spring Festival couplets in Qing Dynasty recorded: "Spring Festival couplets are also Fu Tao. Since entering the customs, some scholars have written Spring Festival couplets under the eaves of the city in order to moisten their pens. After the sacrifice, it gradually tilted up and thousands of families took on a new look. " Pop away from the traditional Spring Festival couplets; The relationship between Spring Festival couplets and peach symbols can also be seen in Wang Anshi's poem "On the narrowest day of every family, always change new peaches for old ones" in the Song Dynasty.

What is a peach symbol? According to Huainanzi, this "peach symbol" is made of peach wood one inch wide and seven or eight inches long. Write the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on the mahogany board and hang them on both sides of the door. Or draw these two gods-left and right. The ancients used Fu Tao's calligraphy and painting Er Shen to suppress evil spirits. This is also known as the "door god" among the people. Fang Meng, the queen of Shu, wrote in the Five Dynasties more than 700 years ago: "Qing Yu in the New Year is a promise. Changchun. " It is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. Since Meng Chang wrote Fu Tao, scholars have followed suit and regarded Spring Festival couplets as elegant things. The wind of writing Spring Festival couplets has gradually spread.

However, in the Song Dynasty, Spring Festival couplets were still called "Fu Tao". Couplets are not only carved on peach symbols, but also pushed on pillars, which are later called "couplets". After the Song Dynasty, Yichun Post Station used couplets to write powder notes. Some people collect the ancient sayings of The Book of Songs, while others collect Tang and Song poems. According to legend, there is Wang Li's Spring Festival couplets: "The northern country is vast, and thousands of doors are fresh." This is the Spring Festival couplets hanging on people's teeth and cheeks.

Fu Tao is really called Spring Festival couplets. That was in the Ming Dynasty. According to Ming Dynasty scholar Chen, "Spring Festival couplets began in". Jinling, the imperial capital, can't send a letter before New Year's Eve. Officials are at home, and a pair of Spring Festival couplets is added at the door. The emperor can go out to watch. "Zhu Yuanzhang not only traveled incognito personally, watched the laughter, but also personally presented the Spring Festival couplets to Bachelor Tao An and others. The emperor's advocacy made the Spring Festival couplets increasingly prosperous, and finally formed an enduring fashion. Couplets are called couplets, commonly known as couplets. Concise and profound, neat and balanced, with one word and one sound, is a unique art form of Chinese language. It can be said that couplet art is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation. The types of couplets can be divided into Spring Festival couplets, Happy Couplets, Shoulian couplets, elegiac couplets, decorative couplets, trade couplets, communicative couplets and miscellaneous couplets (including humorous couplets ...).

Couplets vary in length, only one or two words are short; It can be hundreds of words long. There are various forms of couplets, such as pairs, pairs, flowing pairs, couplets, set sentence pairs and so on. However, no matter what kind of couplets and forms are used, they must have the following characteristics:

First, the number of words should be equal and the sentences should be consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving a place for a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, neither more nor less.

Second, it is necessary to be honest and have a harmonious tone. The traditional habit is to "pucker up and fall flat", that is, the end of the last sentence of the first couplet is puckered up and the end of the last sentence of the second couplet is flat.

Third, the parts of speech should be relative and the position should be consistent. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which means that nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and related words must be in the same position.

Fourth, the content should be related and run through from top to bottom. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated.

In addition, the traditional practice of hanging couplets must be written straight and pasted vertically, from right to left and from top to bottom, and cannot be reversed.

The horizontal criticism closely related to couplets can be said to be the title and center of couplets. Good reviews can make the finishing point and complement each other in couplets.

Spring Festival couplets are also called couplets, couplets and couplets. They depict the background of the times and express good wishes with neat, dual, concise and delicate words, which are unique literary forms in China. Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival.

The folk custom of pasting Spring Festival couplets began in the Song Dynasty and prevailed in the Ming Dynasty. According to historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Taizu loves couplets. He not only writes by himself, but also often encourages his officials to write. One year on New Year's Eve, he sent a message: "A pair of Spring Festival couplets must be added to the door of public officials or scholars." On New Year's Day, I was very happy to see the Spring Festival couplets that complement each other. He went to a house and saw that there were no Spring Festival couplets on the door, so he asked why. It turns out that the owner kills pigs, and he is worried that he can't find someone to write about spring.

Lian. Zhu Yuanzhang immediately wrote down the Spring Festival couplets of "splitting the road of life and death with both hands and cutting off the root of right and wrong with one knife" and gave them to this family. From this story, we can see that Zhu Yuanzhang vigorously advocated Spring Festival couplets, and it was precisely because of his vigorous advocacy that it promoted the popularization of Spring Festival couplets.

By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph Poetry of Spring Festival couplets discusses the origin of Spring Festival couplets and the characteristics of various works. Spring Festival couplets had become a literary and artistic form at that time.

There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, cross string, spring strip and bucket square according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Cross-dressing" is posted on the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls.