What is the popular folk song and dance genre in the southern tea-picking area of China?

Tea-picking is a folk song and dance genre popular in tea-picking areas in southern China.

Popular in tea-producing areas in southern China, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou and other Han areas. Also known as "tea songs", "tea picking songs", "singing tea picking songs", "lantern songs", "tea picking lamps" and "tea basket lamps".

origin

It was first seen in Wang Jide's Qu Lv in the Ming Dynasty (first edition 1624). It reads: "The abuse in the north is pink lotus, silver ox four and jujube stick;" Abuse in the South is a folk song by Wu Zhi, which is more songs than Tea Picking and worthy of Zheng Sheng. However, each has its own purpose. " By the Qing Dynasty, the development of tea picking was more complete. In the Qing Dynasty, Li's Notes on East Guangdong recorded: "It is the custom of Guangdong people to dress up children as colorful girls in the first month, with 12 people in each team, each holding a flower basket, lighting a treasure lamp inside and spreading crimson yarn on it. Is it bright? For the big circle, the edge of the song dynasty, the song dynasty picked tea in December. " This shows that tea picking was popular in southern provinces as early as17th century. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, this popular art form spread more widely in rural areas and was processed and put on the stage, such as the "tea-picking lamp" in Longyan, Fujian, and the "Ten Big Sisters" in Yunnan.

Form of performance

Usually 1 male, 1 female, or 1 male and 2 female, and then it develops into a group dance with several to ten people. The performer wears colorful clothes and a ribbon around his waist. Men hold money rulers (whips) to make poles, hoes, punting and other props, while women hold flower fans to make bamboo baskets, umbrellas or tea sets, or paste paper into various lights, singing and dancing. The content of the performance is the whole process of growing tea. For example, there is "respect" in "Tea Picking in South Guangxi", wishing the tea a bumper harvest; Picking Tea in December, Picking Tea, Stir-frying Tea and Selling Tea show the process from planting tea to picking and processing. Zhejiang tea picking also includes "scented tea picking", "tea picking along", "pouring tea picking", "rubbing tea", "serving tea" and "selling tea". In some areas, minor songs unrelated to tea picking are interspersed during performances, and the number of tunes and songs sung depends on the time and content of tea picking performances, generally 2-4; There are also folklore stories.

music

Its historical development can be roughly divided into three stages:

Simple "tea songs" are the songs that tea farmers sing when they work. The genre of tea songs includes folk songs, labor songs and folk tunes. The music structure is relatively simple, consisting of two phrases or four phrases.

(2) Singing and dancing "Camellia Lantern", that is, tea farmers slightly process their labor movements, accompanied by tea songs, singing and dancing. The music in the southern provinces has its own characteristics, but the skeleton sounds are basically the same, mostly in the Otoha mode of Mi, Hot, Duo and La. Tea picking in various places is combined with local popular folk songs, songs and dances, forming the unique style of each province. For example, Yunnan tea picking combines lantern tunes, which is smooth and full of singing; Tea-picking in Hunan has absorbed the musical characteristics of local ancient paintings and operas, and the tunes are lively and jumping; Fujian tea-picking lanterns take the advantages of different places and develop them, combining lyricism with cheerful singing and dancing, and using the method of mode and tonality conversion to make the music rich in contrast. Tea songs can be divided into "the right direction of tea picking" and "the wrong direction of tea picking". Except for the reverse change of lyrics from 1 to 12, they often form contrast and development in music. Generally speaking, tea picking is more lyrical, stable and singing; The melody of inverted tea is cheerful and jumping, and the extensive use of interlining and lining materials makes the music break the normal and balanced structure and appear more lively. In addition, there are many minor songs interspersed in tea-picking songs and dances, and there are dozens of commonly used songs, such as Cut Flowers, Jade Beauty, Wugengdiao, Narcissus, Hong Xiuxie, Ten Cups of Wine, selling groceries and Pomegranate Flowers. Therefore, tea picking songs are greatly influenced by minor tunes, and some songs are even replaced by minor tunes.

(3) A short play with a simple plot. For example, Gannan tea-picking opera is a kind of banqiang music developed on the basis of tea-picking singing and dancing. It is dominated by "tea cavity" and "light cavity" with the characteristics of tea songs, retaining a large number of tunes of tea-picking folk songs and tea lights, and absorbing the tunes of Hunan ancient painting opera and Guangxi colored tune, forming a local opera with strong local flavor.

Accompaniment instruments for tea picking include erhu, flute, suona, gong and cymbals. Suona is the main music for going through the door or cutting a play. I checked. Very reliable.