Brief introduction of Jingdezhen porcelain Jingdezhen porcelain with blank outline

One of the most famous items in China should be "porcelain", and "China" is even called the title of our country abroad. The most famous porcelain is Jingdezhen porcelain. Jingdezhen, located on the Yangtze River in the northeast of Jiangxi Province, at the junction of Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, is the only ancient city famous for producing pottery among the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities in China. Jingdezhen began to produce porcelain in the Five Dynasties, and it has experienced more than one thousand years' development. ? Jingdezhen is known as the "porcelain capital". The kiln fire here has gone through thousands of years, and its porcelain is famous for its unique style of "white as jade, bright as a mirror, thin as paper and loud as a chime". The following small series will give you a detailed introduction to Jingdezhen porcelain.

Brief introduction of Jingdezhen porcelain

The porcelain of Han working people has a long history and a wide variety. Jingdezhen porcelain began in the Han Dynasty, and the Eastern Han Dynasty was about 25-220 AD. At this time, the pottery was "very coarse in quality, very thick in body and light and rough in glaze", "only for your common use" and was not exported. So the impact is extremely limited. Jingdezhen in the Five Dynasties established the earliest place to burn white porcelain in the south and achieved great success, thus breaking the monopoly of southern celadon and forming a pattern of "blue in the south and white in the north", which played an extremely important role in the production of celadon in the Song Dynasty and the development of porcelain industry in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is an important historical period in the history of ceramic firing in Han Dynasty. Jingdezhen porcelain is a large number of artistic ceramics, daily-use ceramics and display ceramics. Known for its white porcelain, it is known as "white as jade, bright as a mirror, thin as paper and loud as stone". The variety is complete, and it has reached more than three. Porcelain is excellent, light in shape and diverse in decoration. In terms of decoration, there are blue and white, underglaze red, ancient color, pastel, bucket color, new color, underglaze multicolor, exquisite blue and white, etc. Among them, blue and white and pastel products are big heads, and glass is a famous product. Glaze colors are cyan, blue, red, yellow, black and so on. Only the red glaze system, namely Jun Hong, Lang Yaohong, Ji Hong and Rose Purple, is made of "reducing flame" and its products are world-famous. It is one of the world-renowned outstanding representatives of ancient Chinese ceramic art.

Second, the origin of the name of Jingdezhen

Jingdezhen is known as the "porcelain capital", where kiln fires have lasted for thousands of years, and its porcelain is famous at home and abroad for its unique style of "white as jade, bright as a mirror, thin as paper, and endless sound". Jingdezhen hand-made porcelain technology is mainly located in Jingdezhen urban and rural areas (new factory; Old factory; Fan Jiajing; Temple of San Lv; High-tech zones, etc. ).

China is a country of porcelain, and the peak of porcelain industry is this capital. Over the past 1000 years, Jingdezhen porcelain industry has gathered the masterpieces of famous kilns in past dynasties, absorbed the essence of local skills, formed a unique Han hand-made porcelain production system, and created the most glorious history in China ceramic history. Its high achievement, great influence, exquisite skills and complete varieties are beyond the reach of other kilns in any era.

Jingdezhen porcelain has a beautiful shape, a wide variety, rich decoration and unique style. Especially "bone China" is the most famous. Bone China has its unique style and characteristics. Blue and white, exquisite, famille rose and coloured glaze are collectively called the four famous traditional porcelain in Jingdezhen. Thin-embryo porcelain is called a magical treasure, and porcelain carving is a traditional handicraft of Han nationality. Jingdezhen ceramic art is an important treasure in China cultural treasure house.

Third, Jingdezhen porcelain famous products

Linglong porcelain

Jingdezhen blue-and-white exquisite porcelain was created and developed on the basis of hollowing-out technology in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, with a history of more than 500 years. Porcelain-making workers use blades to carve small grains of rice on the blank tires, which are called "Mi Tong" or "Linglong Eye", and then fill them with exquisite glaze, decorate them with blue and white, and fire them in the kiln. It looks smart, clear and penetrating, especially elegant and clean.

Blue and white porcelain

Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain is called "the treasure of the world". Founded in Yuan Dynasty, it reached its peak in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It uses oxidation? Cobalt is coated on the blank, glazed and fired at high temperature. It is blue and white, pleasant, crystal clear and bright, and beautiful for a long time. A big city with white glaze and blue flowers, the flowers are clear from the glaze and pleasing to the eye. Zheng He, a navigator of the Ming Dynasty, made seven voyages to the Western Seas, each time bringing a large number of blue and white porcelain and making contacts with more than 30 countries. Many treasures are now collected in museums in Britain, America and other countries.

Pastel porcelain

Pastel, also known as soft color, is the glaze decoration of porcelain, which has been perfected since the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties in the late Qing Dynasty. The manufacturing method is as follows: firstly, the outline of the pattern is drawn on the white tire porcelain, and then the pigments are piled up and calcined at a high temperature of more than 700 degrees Celsius. The color is soft, the painter is exquisite and neat, which has both the charm of Chinese painting and the sense of relief, and the picture is full of rich national characteristics. There are figures based on China's historical stories and myths, beautiful and colorful scenery, lifelike bird feathers and neat and symmetrical geometric patterns.

Color has words.

Adding some oxidized metals to the glaze will show some inherent colors after baking, which is called colored glaze. The color of colored glaze is mainly influenced by the metal oxides that act as colorants, and is also closely related to the composition, size, firing temperature and firing atmosphere of glaze. People say, "whatever color there is in nature, you can burn porcelain of whatever color." If you visit the colored glazed porcelain in Jingdezhen, you will believe that this statement is true. Of course, many ingredients and firing in glass are difficult, such as "offering red glaze", and there is a saying that "a thousand kilns are valuable".

Thin-embryo porcelain/porcelain

Thin-embryo porcelain is as thin as cicada wings and as light as silk thread. It is a kind of fine white porcelain as thin as eggshell. The ancients recited thin-walled porcelain: "I am afraid that the wind will blow away, but I am still worried about the sun." The production of thin-walled porcelain is extremely demanding, especially trimming, which is the most difficult and crucial. It depends on the master's skill. After repeated more than one hundred times, the rough blank with a thickness of two or three millimeters was trimmed as thin as an eggshell. At the critical moment, one less knife is too thick, and one more knife will destroy the blank. If you are not careful, a gasp will lead to all previous efforts going up in smoke. This kind of mud blank must pass the high-temperature roasting test of 1300 degrees Celsius, without cracking or deformation. Its preciousness and rarity can be imagined, so people call thin-walled porcelain a magical treasure.

Ceramic sculpture

Porcelain sculptures in Jingdezhen can be traced back to 1400 years ago. As early as the Sui Dynasty, there were lions like beasts. Contemporary Jingdezhen porcelain carving has exquisite skills and complete techniques, including garden carving, pinch carving, carving and relief. Products are diverse, including Buddha statues, flowers, fish and insects, pavilions, animal toys and so on. Beautiful shape, both form and spirit, varied and lifelike; Rich decoration, including high-temperature colored glaze and underglaze multicolor; Strong artistic expression, some solemn and vigorous, some elegant and fresh, some gorgeous and dazzling.

Blue and white inseraton

On the same piece of celadon, there are elegant "blue and white" and light and beautiful decorative patterns, which are called blue and white celadon. Blue and white shadow celadon is a new variety created by Jingdezhen in 1983. The glaze color is similar to white jade, and the pattern is crystal clear. The dark flowers under the glaze are integrated with blue and white, which makes the utensils more beautiful and generous. 1984 March 16, at the technical appraisal meeting held by the relevant departments, ceramic experts decided that the product was "original, with unique artistic effect, an upgraded new product and the first in China."

The previous small series introduced the origin of Jingdezhen porcelain and a series of very famous types. I think you have read the previous introduction and got some understanding of Jingdezhen porcelain. Today, Bian Xiao first introduces the characteristics of Jingdezhen porcelain here. For more information, please continue to pay attention to the decoration of Tuba Rabbit!