What are the main schools of linguistics

Historical Comparative Linguistics, Structuralist Linguistics, Transformational-Generative Linguistics, Systemic-Functional Linguistics

I. Historical Comparative Linguistics:

(1) Time: 1786--1916

(2) Characteristics: independence, Atomistic view of language over time;

(3) Contribution: made the study of language an independent discipline.

(4) Main figures: Jones, Lasker, Grimm, Paopo, Werner, Schleicher, Brueggemann, Laskin, Paul, Meyer

II. Structuralist Linguistics:

(1) Representative figure: Saussure (the founder)

(2) Main content: distinguishing between language and speech, and arguing that language is a system of symbols (relying on combination and aggregation). system (functioning by combinatorial and aggregative relations), linguistic symbols have energetic and referential meanings, distinguishing between the ****temporal and ephemeral study of language.

(3) Main schools: Prague School, Copenhagen School, American Descriptivist School of Linguistics

Three: Transformative-Generative Linguistics:

(1) Representative figure: Chomsky

(2) General content: adopting the formalization method of modern mathematical logic, deducing infinite sentences according to finite rules.

Fourth, Systemic Functional Linguistics

(1) Representative figure: Han Lide

(2) Broad content: pay attention to the sociological characteristics of language, study how to select specific utterances according to specific communicative purposes, concentrate on discovering the laws of depicting language in society; explain the linguistic phenomena from the cognitive point of view; pay attention to the individual language as well as to the depiction of the individual variations. Discovering the laws of utterances in society.