Coffee culture

Italy: Passionate Italy unique coffee drinking habits

There are two things to watch out for when visiting Italy: one is men; the other is coffee. In Italy, coffee and men are actually two different things, so there is a famous saying in Italy: men should be like good coffee, both strong and full of passion!

Espresso Italian coffee, in recent years in the country has been generally known as a hobby coffee people, this thick and fragrant, the surface of a layer of golden foam floating on the pure black coffee, thick and hot as if the devil escaped from hell, every time you call a person to drink will fall into an inexpressible charm, it is difficult to forget. The characteristics of Italian coffee, expressed in its English name, is a fast word; made fast no more than ten seconds, drink fast, because only two or three mouthfuls. General Italian people get up the first thing to do immediately make a cup of coffee, regardless of men and women almost from morning to night, the streets are everywhere called BAR coffee shop, selling a cup of four hundred lire or so, about Taiwan dollars more than ten dollars of coffee, for people to stand and drink it all.

Italians drink an average of twenty cups of coffee a day, adjusted to the Italian coffee coffee beans is the world's deepest fried a kind of beans, which is to match the Italian-style coffee pot instant extraction of coffee special features. Because a cup of Italian coffee is only fifty cc, the amount of coffee beans as long as six to eight grams will be enough, so this looks like a very strong coffee, in fact, does not hurt the stomach, and even help digestion it! There is another way to drink Italian coffee with milk, called Cappuccino, using the steam of the Italian coffee pot above 130 degrees Celsius, the first milk into a foam, and then floated on the thick black coffee. Sweet fresh milk, pure white and lovely; charming Espresso devil in its embellishment, suddenly transformed into a wonderful angel!

Turkey: the heart of Turkey's unique coffee drinking habits

Coffee in the Middle East in the ancient countries, like a thousand and one nights in the legend of the myths, is veiled thousand-faced woman, both to help close to God, but also to wash away the sadness of the fountain. When it comes to coffee, it is impossible not to mention Middle Eastern (Turkish) coffee, because no matter whether it is said to have originated from the Muslim or Christian standpoint, its homeland is in the distant and mysterious mountains of the Middle East. After a three hundred year ban on the role of the Muslim religious community from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries, coffee was officially introduced to Turkey in the sixteenth century, became commercialized, and quickly spread to the European continent. This prevalent in Greece, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and other places of coffee drinking method, the general public habitually referred to as Turkish coffee or Arabian coffee, and still maintains the mystique of the early religious ritual words. Traditional Turkish coffee practice, is the use of roasted hot black coffee beans ground into fine powder, even sugar and cold water together into the red copper material like a deep spoon in the coffee brewing apparatus (IBRIK), slow cooking over low heat, after repeated stirring and adding water process, about twenty minutes, a small cup of fifty cc and fragrant and strong coffee is considered to be a great success.

Because the local people drink coffee without filtration, this cup of thick soup-like coffee poured into the cup, not only on the surface of the sticky foam, the bottom of the cup there is still residue. In the Middle East, invited to other people's homes to drink coffee, on behalf of the host of the most sincere respect, so the guests in addition to praise the aroma of the coffee, but also remember that even if you drink a mouth full of slag, but also can not drink water, because that implies that the coffee is not good. Arabs drink coffee, drink slowly and methodically, they even have a set of coffee Road, as in the Chinese tea ceremony, drinking coffee, not only to burn incense, but also sprinkle spices, smell incense, a wide range of coffee pots and utensils, more full of pie-in-the-sky style flavor. A cup of cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, the Middle East coffee, hot drinks full of room fragrance, no wonder the Arabs praised it: musk in general people's soul.

The United States: no taboos American style unique coffee drinking habits

Americans drink coffee, like a game that does not require rules, spontaneous indulgence, no taboos. Europeans brewing coffee when all the preoccupations, the Americans are disdainful. Americans drink coffee freely, coffee is also deep into their lives at the same time, difficult to separate, the depth of the impact even reached the point of no coffee is not life. It is said that the first man on the moon Apollo 13 spacecraft, on the way back to the voyage had a life-and-death malfunction, when the ground staff to comfort the three astronauts of a sentence is: refueling! Hot, aromatic coffee is waiting for your return. Whether at home, office, public **** occasions or roadside vending machines, Americans almost 24 hours a day can not do without coffee. So much so that they drink one-third of the world's coffee production and are the largest coffee consuming nation on the planet.

Generally speaking, life in the United States is relatively busy and tense, unlike Europe and the Middle East, where people can enjoy life in a leisurely mood, as manifested in the drinking of coffee, which is often a large pot of electric filtered coffee (Drip Coffee Marker), from morning to night, due to the addition of more water and less coffee (a cup of coffee amount of ten grams of water to two hundred cc's), the flavor of the particularly thin! The taste of American coffee is particularly weak, and therefore many people criticize American coffee as being unpleasant to drink. In fact, in all parts of the United States, coffee lovers can still taste their favorite coffee flavors as long as they put in more effort. If American-style coffee is divided into two categories of strong and light, the East Coast of the United States than the West Coast to drink strong, and the South is thicker than the North. In terms of ethnicity, Southern Europe and Latino immigrants are more interested in strong coffee than British, German, and Nordic immigrants.

In addition, although the United States is the largest exporter of instant coffee, but the United States itself does not drink much instant coffee.

In recent years, they are increasingly emphasizing the results of dietary health, the market is not yet caffeine (Coffeeineless Coffee) sales gradually increased, and drinking coffee without sugar is also more and more common.

Vienna's unique coffee drinking habits and coffee culture

Coffee is a thing that the Viennese people enjoy, quite proud of. Viennese people even put it and music, waltz and compared, known as the "Vienna three treasures", visible Vienna people and the love affair of coffee. Some people say, Vienna is "five steps a coffee", this may be the poet's exaggerated words, but the number of Vienna cafes is a fact. From the corner of the street for people to stand and drink coffee booths, coffee shops near the University of students gathered, to the theater, the Imperial City side of the rich and luxurious cafes, at least dozens of, some of the coffee house at 6:30 in the morning that is open until 2:00 in the morning before closing. Therefore, said the "Music City" of the air is not only flowing with the rhythm of music, and filled with the fragrance of coffee, not too much.

The history of coffee drinking in Vienna can be traced back to the 17th century. At that time, in many Islamic countries, large and small cities, coffee houses, coffee has become an indispensable part of people's lives.

But in Europe, people do not know what it is. 1683, Turkey attacked Vienna for the second time, when the Austrian Emperor Obod I signed a military alliance with the Polish King Augustus II, the Austrian-Polish coalition crushed the Turkish attack. The fleeing Turkish army discarded on the battlefield around the walls of Vienna a large number of weapons, ammunition, and hundreds of large pockets containing mysterious brown pinto beans, which the victorious Viennese did not know what to do with. It so happened that a Polish spy, Kolschitzky, who had infiltrated into the Turkish army, had tasted in Constantinople a strong black drink made from these roasted pinto beans, which the Turks called "Kahve," or coffee as it is now known. As a reward, the Pole was given all the coffee captured on the battlefield and opened the first coffeehouse in Vienna's history. To this day, there are still many cafes that claim to be the first café opened by a Pole in order to attract customers. But in the beginning time, the café business was not good, and the Viennese still preferred tea. Later, the merchant changed the recipe and added milk to the coffee, which was so effective that it became popular in the 1780s. People called it "Melange". To this day, coffee remains Vienna's favorite beverage, despite its many varieties.

Drinking coffee has become a part of life in Vienna, where, for the price of a cup of coffee, one can meet friends, play chess, read a book, write a book, read a newspaper (newspapers from many countries are often available), or watch television in an inconspicuous corner of a café in a relaxed atmosphere. Some cafes have their own type of clientele - nationals, writers or politicians - while most cafes are full of all kinds of customers. Vienna's most famous café is the Café Centrale in the city center district. Before the First World War, it was a meeting place for famous poets, playwrights, artists, musicians and diplomats. It may be an exaggeration to say that it was the cradle of many Austrian poems, plays and novels, but in those days, musical masters such as Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, and Strauss and his son, the "Dynasty of the Round Dance," were all regulars here. Today's Café Centrale is a thriving business, but no matter how crowded it is, guests can still stay as long as they want, which is a centuries-old tradition of the Vienna Café. There are also many well-known cafés in Vienna, and they are always closely associated with famous people from the past or the present. The Viennese like to tell visitors which artists and writers meet regularly in which cafes, and which politicians love to meet with journalists in which cafes. Vienna coffee variety, from the clear coffee to a variety of colors with milk coffee, each with its own characteristics, suitable for different people's tastes, and have their own names. Therefore, if you enter a Viennese café and simply say you want a cup of coffee, you will overwhelm the waiter, because there are at least 40 varieties of coffee. If you don't know much about coffee and want to experience the unique atmosphere of a Viennese café, then order the "Melange" that we mentioned earlier, which is a completely Viennese style of espresso coffee with a long aftertaste. Whichever coffee you ask for, you'll also get a glass of water - for no reason other than the fact that Viennese water is exceptionally refreshing and tasty. But if the waiter brings a second glass of water, it's a sign that "you've been here too long".

The Viennese have a sweet tooth, and tend to order a cup of coffee with a nice dessert. There are many Viennese desserts, but the favorite coffee drinker is the Gugelhupf, a Viennese hollowed-out round omelette. The availability of newspapers, pictorials and magazines in cafes is a major cultural feature of Viennese cafes, and this feature has historical roots as well. It is said that when coffee was not widely accepted, many Viennese cafes had to provide free newspapers to attract customers, because newspapers were very expensive at that time, the price of a newspaper is twice as expensive as a cup of coffee. Of course, this hospitality role of newspapers no longer exists today, but the practice has been maintained and constitutes the cultural taste of Viennese coffee houses.

Japan's unique coffee-drinking habits and his coffee culture

The first time coffee came to Japan was in Izushima, Nagasaki, during the Genroku period. The formal acceptance of coffee began in the Meiji era. Let's take a look at the history of coffee in Japan!

Initially, its flavor and aroma of the Japanese people are not used to the opening of coffee houses in Western European countries one after another, it can be said that the literature and art of coffee culture is in full bloom, while Japan is in the Edo period strict calendar lockout policy. Coffee, the first beverage of the time, was established at the Dutch merchant house in Dejima, Nagasaki (1641), and it is assumed that it was brought in at that time. However, the only people who could have contact with foreigners were the servants (officials), the merchant interpreters, and the women travelers, and in the "Zumiberu Nihon Ki" recorded in 1776, "Two or three interpreters finally realized the delicious taste of coffee and sent it to Dejima to symbolize the goodness of the coffee. Coffee", which was specially brought to Dejima to symbolize the foreign culture, could not be popularized at that time."

The Japanese people drink coffee is 1804, the author of the wild song master play, Ota Shushanren in the book "Qiongpu and embellished", in the red hair ship was invited to drink something called "coffee, beans fried black black powder, and sugar stirred after drinking, the taste of the smell of burnt and bitter can not be adapted to. From the background of coffee imported from the island and can not be widely accepted, the policy of lockout did affect the Japanese people on the flavor of the new beverage is not accustomed to.

In 1823, a Dutch official who came to Japan to live in Dejima, Sai Sato, seems to have loved coffee. In the book "Edo Senfu Jiyu", it is recorded that "the Japanese like to drink coffee when they are with us".

The real popularity of coffee began in the middle of the Meiji period. Kitahara Shiraki, Ishikawa Takagi, Takamura Koutarou, Sato Haruo, and Nagai Kamikaze, who were members of the literary magazine "Ao", which was founded in the middle of the Meiji era, met monthly at the "Kono no Nest" place in Nihonbashi Koban-cho. At the restaurant, you can enjoy authentic French cuisine and wine, as well as authentic French dark-roasted coffee. Konosono is like a social club for the literati.

From the Meiji era to the Taisho era, cultural salons such as this one did help create a few coffee houses, and Japan finally entered the coffee culture. However, for the average person it was still just a rare store.

The café salons that were formed at that time were a place for the literati and young people to socialize, but at the same time, the affordable café was flourishing without anyone realizing it. At the height of the Taisho era, there were about twenty cafes nationwide. Why were coffee salons so popular? The reason was that a cup of coffee at a high-class Western-style restaurant cost 15 dollars at that time, whereas coffee shops modeled after those in Paris or New York thoroughly implemented a low price of 5 dollars a cup of coffee. Therefore, you can enjoy authentic and flavorful Brazilian coffee at one-third of the price. There are countless Japanese people who have enjoyed delicious coffee at the nation's famous café salons. Coffee salons have made an indelible contribution to the popularization of coffee.

In the Taisho era, the number of coffee lovers did increase a lot, and in the Showa era, it became even more popular, but in the Second World War, the importation of coffee was stopped because it was an "enemy beverage". Coffee disappeared from Japanese life for a while. Coffee was appreciated and loved as a "messenger of peace".

The current situation in the Japanese coffee market is quite competitive. The current Japanese coffee market is very competitive, including tea stores and home coffee and instant coffee, home coffee and office coffee, various kinds of canned coffee, plus hospitable coffee, delicious coffee, etc. In particular, in the Heisei era, there was a great deal of competition for coffee. Especially in the Heisei era, the demand for more authentic coffee has increased.

Romantic France's unique coffee-drinking habits and coffee culture

I.

I once heard that France once drank less coffee due to a shortage of coffee, and immediately saw a lot of people napping. It seems to be exaggerated, but the French people are addicted to coffee is true. l991 "Gulf War" broke out, France is also one of the countries involved in the war, the domestic part of the people are worried about the war affect the supply of daily necessities, have to run to the supermarket to buy. Even the TV station was alarmed by this incident, when the camera pointed at the customers who were holding the "scarce supplies", they found that what they took the most was even coffee and sugar. This incident once became a big joke at the time.

The French drink coffee seems to pay attention to the flavor, but the environment and mood, most of them are not willing to close the door "alone", prefer to get together outside, even if the price of a small cup is enough to cook a pot at home. They are also not in a hurry to drink the pull down, but slowly taste, taste, read the newspaper, talk, a "bubble" is half a day. In the Science and Technology Fair, I walked through six or seven large exhibition halls, are seen in the corner with a coffee table, convenient to all aspects of the meeting people to exchange talks, the whole day is full.

II.

The French have developed this habit of drinking coffee, consciously and unconsciously expresses a kind of elegant flavor, a romantic mood, a sense of enjoyment of life. It can be said that this is a traditional unique coffee culture. Because of this, France allows people to rest their feet and drink coffee places can be said to be all over the streets and alleys, under the shade of the trees, roads, squares, riverbanks, as well as cruise ships, street balconies, and even on the Eiffel Tower ....... The forms, styles and sizes of the cafes, pavilions, halls and rooms are all attached to buildings and covered with roofs. And the most popular, full of romantic mood, or those open-air cafes, that is almost a reflection of the French life.

A lot of open-air cafes are occupying a lot of public places, such as squares circled a corner of the street to take up some of the sidewalk, and even in the crowd of people coming and going on the Avenue de la Cherise is also the same, that the green umbrellas have become a unique streetscape embellished with Paris, and it seems that the municipal authorities are also particularly tolerant of this. Café chairs are almost all arranged towards the road, obviously set up with the intention of the audience, the road in front of the play is never repeated on the stage. Look at all the different kinds of guests, let the street hustle and bustle, traffic, a cup in hand under the sun umbrella, relaxed and leisurely. Take a copy of the local newspaper to read aimlessly can also be, hold a cigarette to swallow smoke can also be, but also can be on the street to appreciate the colorful. Here, there will be bright fashion flashes, there will be intoxicating fragrance wafting, there will be gorgeous and graceful women walking past, but also often street musicians to send you a section of the beautiful melody. It's a mesmerizing sight. It's not uncommon to see whispering lovers embracing and kissing like no one's business, and no one else can envy that much, because it's France. If you are lucky, there may be a French beauty sitting on the chair next to you, which will add a lot to your visual enjoyment. Here, the Parisian woman who reads fashion magazines while sipping her coffee is considered a symbol of chic.

Third,

In addition to those who look up to see the sky of the open-air café, in France about 170,000 cafes, there is no lack of grandeur or rustic and elegant. Especially in Paris, some of the cafes themselves are quite rich in history and legend of the attractions. In the medieval era of the old dynasties, the center of French cultural life was in the court. In the 18th century, during the Age of Enlightenment, the center of cultural life shifted to salons, clubs and cafes. Café LeProcoPe in the Latin Quarter is associated with the French Revolution, which affected the whole world more than two hundred years ago, and was frequented by Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot, the thinkers of the 18th century European Enlightenment, as well as by the three heroes of the Revolution, Robespierre, Danton and Marat, to name but a few. Several of Voltaire's works and Diderot's first encyclopedia were written here, and the symbolic red, white and blue hats of the Revolution appeared here for the first time. In the years leading up to the Revolution, this was a place where blood boiled and storms arose. It is said that Napoleon came here before he made his fortune, and left his cap behind because he owed money for coffee. Later on, it was a social place for first-class writers, actors, gentlemen and ladies to meet and talk, including the famous Hugo, Balzac, George Sand, Zola, and so on, and even later on, the literary journal Prokofo was founded in the name of this café. Therefore, now the museum has preserved the traditional costumes, antique decorations and a variety of cultural relics are particularly rich, the layout of the museum and the scenery does not seem to be due to the changes of the times and "new", customers still like it classical.

Fourth,

The Café de l'Académie in Montmartre is a symbol of the 19th century Parisian university era. Around here for a long time gathered artists from all corners of the world, they use the café as the center, **** with the construction of the brilliant Parisian university era. There is also a 19th-century style café, Les Deux Magots, opposite the Church of St. Germain, but it was in the 1920s that its reputation rose. A group of surrealist writers and painters have been here for a long time to talk eloquently, burning the flame of artistic thought, and finally created a "Deux Magots Literary Prize" named after the café, which has been continued to this day. It is said that Ernest Hemingway used to come here to drink coffee in order to get inspiration for his creations. However, a cup of coffee that costs 4 to 6 francs elsewhere can cost 22 francs here, so the creation of literature and art really has a price. Interestingly, the Café DeFlore next door was also a famous place for academics and flourished after the war with the presence of many philosophers. At the time, Sartre, Simone Bova and others used to sit in the regular seats, which are now specially marked with a bronze plaque. Because the threshold of these two cafes always have the cultural elite in and out, so that the area is gradually full of bookstores, literary cafes, restaurants more and more open, and later became the birthplace of the French American literature (Belle-Lette).

Central and Northern Europe: moderate and sensible coffee drinking habits unique to Central Europe

Unlike the Italians so passionate as fire, and not as romantic as the French like water, the people around Central and Northern Europe to drink coffee, drink sensible and gentle, just like their one-paneled national nature. European life and coffee, has almost become an inseparable link, in addition to Italy and France, a distinctive coffee drinking, from Austria, Switzerland, Germany, and even a few countries in northern Europe, coffee tasting habits and tastes can be said to be similar, they y understand the middle way, completely belong to the concentration of taste.

The people of Central and Northern Europe make coffee at home, and most often use simple hand-brewed filter coffee makers, as well as the common household electric coffee makers (Drip Coffee Maker) in Taiwan. Among them, the filter coffee brewing method (Paper Drip) originated in Central Europe, was invented by Mrs. MERITA, a German, at the beginning of this century, and has been widely circulated in European countries. But the business premises of the coffee, due to the need for a large number of rapid supply, or Espresso coffee machine world, only the use of different flavors of coffee beans. Drinking coffee in the cafes of these countries, the biggest difference with Taiwan, may be that they put the coffee, sugar, milk three items are very clear, many cafes are listed on the price list of black coffee and milk coffee with different prices, and some even the portion size is also included in the price difference between the different factors. Some countries in Central Europe, such as Austria and Switzerland, are famous for their pastries, and it is only natural that the various kinds of pastries have become another outstanding performance on the coffee table.

In recent years, the average amount of coffee consumed by the people of the four Nordic countries has been among the world's top four list (more than 1,000 cups per person per year), and their love of coffee is best described by the lyrics of a Bach operetta: "Such a wonderful coffee is sweeter than 1,000 kisses, and more intoxicating than aged wine.

This is one, and one more, at this URL:

/hyxh_999/blog/item/5c38840ae7d6383eb1351dac.html

Story:

/g40019c2i89718s0p0.html

I hope you are satisfied ^_^