What festival is the Double Ninth Festival?

What festival is the Double Ninth Festival? It is a traditional festival in China, but there are still many young people who don't know what kind of festival it is. Friends who don't know will follow Bian Xiao to read this article!

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★★★★★ The custom taboo of Double Ninth Festival ★★★

★★★★ How did the Double Ninth Festival come about ★★

★★★★ What is the moral of the Double Ninth Festival ★★

★★★★★ Why is the Double Ninth Festival called Double Ninth Festival ★★

What festival is the Double Ninth Festival?

Double Ninth Festival, also known as Double Ninth Festival, is a traditional festival of Han nationality. Celebrating the Double Ninth Festival generally includes traveling to enjoy the scenery, climbing high and looking far, enjoying chrysanthemums, planting dogwood all over the place, eating double ninth cake, drinking chrysanthemum wine and other activities.

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is also the four traditional ancestor worship festivals in China. The Double Ninth Festival was formed as early as the Warring States Period and was officially designated as a folk festival in the Tang Dynasty. From generation to generation. Chongyang and the "spring outing" on March 3 are all family members. On Double Ninth Festival, all relatives should climb the mountain together to "avoid disaster".

In 2006, the Double Ninth Festival was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage by the State Council.

The origin of the Double Ninth Festival 1:

One of the prototypes of the Double Ninth Festival is the ancient fire sacrifice ceremony.

As a symbol of the ancient seasonal star, the "Fire" star retired in September, and it was called "Fire in September" in summer. The retreat of the star "fire" not only made the ancients who had always regarded Mars as a symbol of seasonal production and life lose the coordinates of time, but also made the ancients who worshipped fire feel inexplicable fear. The dormancy of Vulcan means the arrival of a long winter. Therefore, although the situation of ancient sacrificial ceremonies in Inner Fire is obscure, we can still find some traces of ancient customs from the utensils of the Double Ninth Festival in later generations. For example, in some places in the south of the Yangtze River, there is a custom of offering sacrifices to stoves on Chongyang, which is the fire god at home, thus showing the clues of offering sacrifices to "fire" in ancient September. The ancients regarded Chongyang, Shangsi or cold food, September 9 and March 3 as the corresponding spring and autumn festivals. Liu Hanxin's Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing said: "Go to the third grade in March, play games with girls in September, and then climb the mountain." The correspondence among thinking, cold food and Chongyang is based on the appearance of "fire".

With the progress of people's livelihood science and technology, people have a new understanding of time, and the "fire calendar" has given way to the general calendar. The ritual of sacrificing fire in September declined, but people still have special feelings about the natural climate change caused by the decline of yang in September, so the ancient custom of climbing mountains and avoiding it still spread to cities, although the world has a new explanation.

Chongyang has become a landmark building in people's life after the return of Xia Dong. If thinking and cold food are the Spring Festival when people go out to swim after a long winter, then Chongyang is a ceremonial autumn outing when autumn cold comes and people are about to live in seclusion, so there is thinking "outing" and Chongyang's "farewell". The custom of Double Ninth Festival revolves around people's feelings in this season.

The origin of the Double Ninth Festival 2:

The origin of Chongyang can be traced back to before the pre-Qin period. "Lu Chunqiu Qiu Ji Ji" says: "In September, the family was ordered to slaughter, and the fields were prepared for harvest, and five important things were listed. The Tibetan emperor's book is collected in the holy warehouse, and I only respect it. " "It's the day, Great Emperor. I'll taste the sacrifice and tell the son of heaven." It can be seen that at that time, when the crops were harvested in autumn and September, there were activities of offering sacrifices to the emperor and ancestors to thank them for their kindness.

Jia, the imperial secretary in Xijing Miscellanies of the Han Dynasty, said: "On September 9, Pei Yun ate the bait and drank chrysanthemum wine, and the clouds made people live longer." According to legend, since then, there has been the custom of seeking longevity on the Double Ninth Festival. This is influenced by the ancient wizards (later Taoist priests) who pursued immortality and collected drugs to take. At the same time, there are also large-scale banquet activities, which developed from the Qingfeng banquet in the pre-Qin period. The Chronicle of Jingchu Age said: "On September 9th, four people got together for a picnic." Duke Du of Sui wrote: "I don't know when the banquet on September 9 started, and it hasn't changed since I was stationed in the Song Dynasty." Longevity and feast form the basis of the Double Ninth Festival.

The custom of Double Ninth Festival

The Double Ninth Festival is a festival with a long history and rich folk culture in China. The folk activities of the Double Ninth Festival mainly include mountain climbing, chrysanthemum viewing, putting dogwood into dogwood bags, eating double ninth cake and drinking chrysanthemum wine, so there are also sayings of mountain climbing, dogwood and chrysanthemum festival.

Climb the peak

First of all, there is a custom of climbing mountains on the Double Ninth Festival. Autumn in September, the sky is crisp. In this season, climbing the mountain and overlooking it can achieve the purpose of relaxing body and mind, keeping fit and getting rid of diseases. Because the Double Ninth Festival is an autumn festival, flowers and trees begin to wither after the festival, so some people call the outing of the Double Ninth Festival "tattoo", which corresponds to the saying of "outing" in March.

As early as the Western Han Dynasty, the Annals of Chang 'an recorded that people visited the Han capital on September 9th. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Beijing area climbed quite high. "Yanjing Age" said: "The capital is called Chongyang September 9. On September 9 every year, people carry pots with them and climb high when they go out. " There are also mountain climbing in the imperial garden of the Forbidden City. Modern Beijing Xiangshan, Jiangxi Nanchang Wangtengting, etc. It is also a mountain climbing resort. Wang Tengting, in particular, is famous all over the world because Wang Bo wrote "Preface to Wang Tengting" on the pavilion during the Double Ninth Festival in the Tang Dynasty.

There are different views on the origin of mountain climbing custom: one view holds that it originated from the worship of mountain gods by ancient people and that mountain gods can save people from disasters. Therefore, people should go to the mountains to play and avoid disasters on the Double Ninth Festival. Maybe it started as a sacrifice to the mountain gods for good luck, and then it gradually became an entertainment. Another way of saying it is that during the Double Ninth Festival, the autumn harvest has been completed and farming is relatively idle. At this time, the wild fruits and medicinal materials in Shan Ye are in the mature season, and farmers have gone up the mountain to collect wild fruits and medicinal materials. This kind of gathering in the mountains is called "small autumn harvest" by farmers.

Eat Chongyang cake

The custom of eating Chongyang cake is related to mountain climbing. Gaohe cake is homophonic. As a holiday food, it was originally to celebrate the harvest of autumn grain and taste new grain. After that, the people have the auspicious meaning of climbing to eat cakes and climbing step by step. Nowadays, eating cakes on the Double Ninth Festival is favored by people because of its auspicious meaning.

According to historical records, eating cakes on the Double Ninth Festival was recorded as early as in the Miscellanies of Xijing in the Han Dynasty: "On September 9, Cornus officinalis was eaten, and chrysanthemum wine was eaten as bait, which made people eat and live longer." The bait is an ancient cake. Zhou Li records that bait is used as a sacrifice or eaten at a banquet. Peng bait is the original Chongyang cake.

September is the time when osmanthus flowers are in full bloom, so Chongyang Cake is also called Osmanthus Jelly Cake, Chrysanthemum Cake and Five-color Cake, which is made randomly. Exquisite Chongyang cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two lambs on it, which conforms to the meaning of Chongyang (sheep). Some people even put red paper flags on Chongyang cakes and light candles. This probably means "lighting a lamp" and "eating cakes" instead of "climbing", and using a red paper flag instead of dogwood. At present, there is still no fixed variety of Chongyang cake, and the soft cakes eaten around Chongyang Festival are called Chongyang cakes.

Drink chrysanthemum wine

Chrysanthemum is a famous long-lived flower in China, also known as "longevity". As early as Qu Yuan's pen, there was a saying that "the autumn chrysanthemum leaves the English for dinner", that is, eating chrysanthemum petals. Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty recorded in Bao Puzi that there was a family in Nanyang Mountain, Henan Province, who lived a long life because of drinking the sweet valley water full of chrysanthemums.

Chrysanthemum wine, in ancient times, was regarded as the "auspicious wine" that Chongyang must drink to eliminate disasters and pray for blessings. Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty also said that "wine can cure all diseases and chrysanthemum can cure aging". Later, drinking chrysanthemum wine gradually became a folk custom, especially on the Double Ninth Festival. "The Chronicle of Jingchu" records that "on September 9th, Pei Yun ate lotus ears and drank chrysanthemum wine, and lived a long life." Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, pointed out that chrysanthemum has the efficacy of "treating head wind, clearing eyes and ears, removing fistula and treating all diseases".

Brewing chrysanthemum wine was popular as early as the Han and Wei Dynasties. According to "Miscellanies of Xijing", "Chrysanthemums are suitable, stems and leaves are harvested, and miscellaneous millet is brewed. If you cook it on September 9 next year, you can drink it immediately, so it is called chrysanthemum wine. " On holidays, in addition to climbing mountains and inserting dogwood, relatives and friends also invite each other to drink chrysanthemum wine and enjoy yellow flowers, which is really interesting. Poets, in particular, admire chrysanthemums, drink wine and recite poems as a reward, leaving many good sentences for future generations.

Peidogwood

Cornus officinalis is a kind of fruit that can be used as medicine, also called moon gum or dwarf. Autumn ripens, turns yellow when tender and purple when ripe. Has the effects of warming middle warmer, relieving pain and regulating qi. Cornus officinalis leaves can also cure cholera, and roots can kill insects.

Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty recorded that Kaunus participated in the Double Ninth Festival. Cornus officinalis, also known as "evil spirits Weng", is an important symbol of the Double Ninth Festival. The custom of worshipping dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. People think that inserting dogwood in the Double Ninth Festival can take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear it on your arm, or make a sachet and put it in it, called a dogwood bag, and wear it on your head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them.

In fact, the dogwood of Chongyang is similar to the realgar and calamus of Dragon Boat Festival, with the purpose of expelling insects and preventing moth. Because it was Koharu in October after the Double Ninth Festival, the weather warmed up for a while; Some time before Chongyang, the autumn rain was wet, the autumn heat had not subsided, and clothes were easy to get moldy. Be sure to prevent insects from eating at this time. But in modern times, the custom of Pedogwood has gradually become scarce. The reason for the change is probably that cornus emphasized avoiding evil spirits and eliminating disasters in early people's lives. With the progress of civilization, people have given more expectations for future life and prayed for a long life. Therefore, the status of "Yanshouke" (Chrysanthemum) finally surpassed that of "Avoidant Weng" (Cornus officinalis).