Classification of ginseng, all classification and efficacy

As a commodity ginseng, there are many names, detailed classification and various types. Generally speaking, some are named according to the cultivation methods, such as wild ginseng and transplanted ginseng; Some are named after different places of origin, such as Jilin ginseng, Liaoning ginseng and Shizhu ginseng; Some are named according to processing methods, such as red ginseng, white sugar ginseng, dried ginseng and so on. There are two other situations, Korean red ginseng and Jilin wild ginseng.

Ginseng can be divided into wild ginseng, transplanted ginseng and garden ginseng in terms of cultivation methods and growth environment. Wild ginseng is also called wild ginseng and wild ginseng. As the name implies, it grows naturally in Shan Ye, not artificially cultivated ginseng. Jilin province is the hometown of ginseng. Wild ginseng in China mainly grows in Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province and Daxinganling Mountains in Heilongjiang Province. Changbai Mountain has the largest number of forest areas and is highly concentrated in Fusong County and Ji 'an City. Wild ginseng in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province is famous for its rich tonic, rich ginseng flavor and pure quality, and enjoys a high reputation in the world. The growth cycle of wild ginseng is very long. According to historical records, the life span of ginseng is about 400 years. Its growth rate is extremely slow, generally speaking, it takes 20 ~ 30 years to grow to 15 ~ 16 g, and the shortest time for seed germination is 20 ~ 22 months. Coupled with natural growth and lack of necessary management, things are rare, so they are favored by people, and the price is extremely high, and some are even "priceless." Fusong County, Jilin Province, known as the hometown of ginseng, is rich in wild ginseng resources.

Young wild ginseng is transplanted into the wild and then cultivated artificially, or young garden ginseng planted artificially in Shan Ye is transplanted into the wild and allowed to grow naturally. This kind of ginseng is collectively called Yishan ginseng.

Ginseng cultivated and grown artificially is called garden ginseng, also called seedling. It takes 6-8 years to harvest cultivated ginseng. During the period from September to 65438+10 every year, the underground roots of domestic ginseng grown for more than 6 years are excavated as a whole to prevent the fibrous roots and branch roots from breaking, and the soil is washed to remove the stems and leaves, so as to obtain the "Garden Ginseng Shuizi". Gardenia must be processed before it can be used as medicine. It is a drop in the bucket to simply collect wild ginseng that grows naturally and has a very small number, which is far from solving the increasing demand for ginseng in society. Therefore, cultivating garden ginseng is the necessity of historical development. Nowadays, due to the sharp increase in demand for ginseng at home and abroad and the continuous development of cultivation techniques, the cultivation area of ginseng has also expanded year by year, and the yield and quality have been greatly improved. Garden ginseng has become the main source of commercial ginseng for people's medical care.

The difference of natural environment and growth conditions leads to the difference of wild ginseng, moved ginseng and garden ginseng. Of course, ginseng is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine. The effective components are only different in quantity, not in quality. According to the analysis, the effective components of wild ginseng are 40 ~ 50 times higher than those of garden ginseng. It can be seen that ginseng is the most precious, followed by ginseng and garden ginseng. Garden ginseng has a large output and relatively cheap price, which is most suitable for family tonic.

Commercial ginseng is usually named after its place of origin. Physicians of all ages have highly praised the use of authentic medicinal materials. The so-called "authentic medicinal materials" are the summary of countless clinical practices of ancient physicians. They found that the medicinal materials planted in some areas are of excellent quality and excellent efficacy, which are far from being compared and replaced by similar medicinal materials in other areas. Over time, doctors wrote Jilin ginseng according to the place of origin when prescribing medicine. Why do ginseng in the same family belong to the same variety, but Jilin ginseng is better? With the development of modern science and the improvement of detection methods, the mystery of some "authentic medicinal materials" has been revealed. In addition to the specific environment and climate of the producing area, the content of trace elements in soil directly affects the quality of medicinal materials. Because the distribution and content of trace elements on the earth's surface are uneven, there is a big gap between different places. Therefore, due to different producing areas, the trace elements contained in medicinal materials are also very different, which makes "authentic medicinal materials" have special effects. China is the hometown of ginseng, and ginseng mainly produced in the northeast is more famous and unique.

China's famous ginseng producing areas are Jilin and Liaoning provinces, so there is a difference between Liaoshen and Jilin ginseng. The better varieties are as follows:

Jilin Ginseng: Jilin Province is the main producing area of ginseng in China, ranking second to none in the world. The annual output accounts for about 80% of the total ginseng production in China and 50% of the total ginseng production in the world. The output of ginseng in Jilin Province jumped from 1000 tons in 1984 to 15535 tons in 1989. Thousands of tons of ginseng are sold from here at home and abroad every year to meet the needs of people's medical care. Fusong County, Jilin Province is the county with the largest number of domestic ginseng in China, and its quality ranks first in Jilin. The annual output of Fusong ginseng accounts for about 60% of Jilin Province. Ginseng has been artificially planted here for about 300 years. The natural conditions of Fusong are very beneficial to the cultivation of ginseng. The cool, moist and fertile humus layer and scattered sunlight in Changbai Mountain forest provide unique conditions for the growth of ginseng. Fusong is known as the hometown of ginseng, and Ji 'an is known as the hometown of ginseng.

Kuandian Codonopsis: China Codonopsis is known as the "crown of garden ginseng". This kind of codonopsis pilosula has a long body, old skin, deep lines, pearl bumps and whiskers, and its shape is similar to that of wild ginseng. Like wild ginseng, it has strong medicinal properties and medicinal value, so experts call it "Saishanshen". Zhu Shen's hometown is Shizhuzi Village, Xialuhe Township, Kuandian County, Dandong City, Liaoning Province, hence the name Zhu Shen. Codonopsis pilosula not only has high medicinal value, but also is an important export medicine in China.

Korean ginseng: Also known as Korean ginseng, Baekje ginseng is different from Silla ginseng. Because its main root is straight and single, with few bifurcations, it is also called another direct point. Korean ginseng and northeast ginseng belong to the same family, but they come from different places. Korean ginseng is native to the deep mountain valleys in northern Korea. Commercial medicinal materials can be divided into two categories: artificial cultivation and wild, and Korean red ginseng and Korean white ginseng are also different. Due to the scarcity of Korean wild ginseng, the supply is in short supply, and now most of them are replaced by cultivated ginseng. Most of the Korean ginseng on the market is cultivated artificially. According to textual research, the history of artificial cultivation of ginseng in North Korea is as long as thousands of years, but only from the16th century has there been a record of the current cultivation method.

Toyo Ginseng: Ginseng produced in Japan, which is customarily called Toyo Ginseng, is rare in the wild and is mainly cultivated artificially. Due to different processing methods, there are also two kinds of oriental ginseng and oriental white ginseng.

Among all kinds of commercial ginseng, Jilin ginseng has the best quality, which is better than Korean ginseng. However, traditional habits have always mistakenly thought that Korean ginseng is superior to domestic ginseng. According to scientific identification, the main components of ginseng in China, such as ginsenoside, amino acid and volatile oil, are higher than those of Korean ginseng, but the starch is slightly lower. Because the starch content of China ginseng is low, the processed ginseng looks dry, and the appearance quality is not as full as Korean ginseng. Therefore, it not only gives people the impression that the quality of domestic ginseng is lower than that of Korean ginseng, but also can not be sold in the international market. There is a big price gap between the two. However, there is no doubt that domestic ginseng surpasses Korean ginseng in internal quality. Therefore, if you choose to participate in health care, don't stick to stereotypes.

Processing and processing refer to the different processing processes of medicinal materials before they are used as medicine. The purpose of processing is to increase the curative effect of drugs, reduce or eliminate their toxicity, or facilitate storage. The collected fresh ginseng must undergo complex processing before it can become various commercial ginseng and medicine. The processing technology of China ginseng has a long history, and red ginseng was first developed in China. According to historical records, Nuerhachi, the emperor of Qing Dynasty, called Khan in Xingjing, and when the Qing Dynasty was established, a large part of his financial source was ginseng income. Before he established the post-Jin regime, Privet privet people often went to the deep mountains and forests to dig ginseng, and brought it to Fushun Mashi to exchange goods with Ming Dynasty merchants. In order to prevent the collected ginseng from rotting and deteriorating, Nurhachi was ingenious and invented the method of steaming, drying and preserving fresh ginseng, which is today's red ginseng. This method has been passed down to this day. In fact, the history of ginseng processing and processing technology in China may be much earlier than that in Qing Dynasty, which can be traced back to Tang Dynasty at the earliest. It is said that in the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen and monks crossed to Japan and brought some processed ginseng. Since then, foreign countries have started imitation processing.

The quality and curative effect of ginseng are closely related to the processing methods. The collected fresh ginseng should not only keep the shape of ginseng intact, but also be sealed with wet utensils before being taken out for processing. If it is not properly preserved, it will become thin and unmyelinated, commonly known as "walking the marrow." No matter how high the processing technology is, the pulped ginseng can not be full, which directly affects the appearance quality of ginseng.

There are various processing methods of ginseng, such as direct steaming and adding by-products. The ginseng products made from this have different shapes and colors, different names and corresponding pharmacological effects. Therefore, mastering some knowledge in this field is of great benefit to the reasonable selection of ginseng.

Due to different processing methods, ginseng can be roughly divided into four categories: red ginseng, sugar ginseng, sun-dried ginseng and others.

Red ginseng: Cut off the branches and fibrous roots of fresh ginseng, wash them, and steam them twice in a steamer until the roots turn yellow and the epidermis is translucent. Taking out and drying in the sun or drying in the sun to become red ginseng. The dried red ginseng is ruddy, brownish yellow and fragrant. Commonly used commodities include red ginseng and ginseng.

Sugar ginseng: clean fresh ginseng, soak it in boiling water for 3 ~ 7 minutes, then soak it in cold water for about 10 minute, take it out and dry it, and smoke it with sulfur. Then use a special needle to pierce countless small holes along the equal length or vertical direction of ginseng, and then soak them in concentrated sugar water (100 ml dissolved in 135 g sugar) for 24 hours. Take it out and expose it to the sun for a day, then wet the towel, wrap the dried ginseng to soften it, make a second puncture, and then soak it in concentrated sugar water for 24 hours. Taking out, washing off floating sugar, sun drying or oven drying to obtain ginseng. Commonly used commodities are white ginseng (processed products of garden ginseng water seeds or Yishan ginseng water seeds) and so on.

Sun-dried ginseng: clean fresh ginseng, dry it for one day, then smoke it with sulfur and dry it. Commonly used commodities include sun-dried ginseng, dried ginseng and sun-dried ginseng.

Other categories: this category is handled differently from the first three categories. Commonly used commodities are: ① Pinpi Ginseng: Its processing method is similar to that of sugar ginseng. First, soak fresh ginseng in boiling water 1 time, and then soak it in the lower part of ginseng for a little longer to turn it pink and remove the rough skin. Then, mash the whole body of ginseng, make many holes, soak it in sugar solution overnight, and take it out the next day. When it is about to dry, remove the sugar from the epidermis and knead it into many small pits by hand. Once it is dry, it will become small particles. Another method is to bake ginseng from syrup with low fire to separate the skin from the inside, and then gently prick the skin with a bamboo knife to make it punctate. ② vigorously ginseng: soak fresh ginseng in boiling water for a while, then take it out and dry it in the sun or oven.

Korean ginseng

Origin: It is the same species as domestic ginseng, so it is named because it is produced in North Korea and South Korea. Most products on the market now are Korean ginseng. When digging, you should generally choose ginseng strips that are more than 6 years old, full of water and long. Korean ginseng can be divided into red ginseng and white ginseng according to different production methods.

Ginseng Rubra: Steam it with high-temperature steam for 2 hours until it is fully cooked, dry it, remove the ginseng whiskers, and press it into irregular square columns. Efficacy: Warming.

White ginseng: choose short and inferior Korean ginseng, put it in boiling water for a while, and then dry it. Efficacy: mild in nature.

Efficacy of ginseng

As early as more than two thousand years ago, people gradually discovered that ginseng has the effects of invigorating vitality, calming the body and improving intelligence, invigorating qi and promoting fluid production, tonifying deficiency and strengthening the body resistance, and prolonging life, and is known as the "medicine for invigorating qi". Modern medicine has also proved that ginseng can not only nourish and strengthen the body, but also has curative effects on cancer prevention, anti-aging, treatment of gastric liver disease and diabetes, so ginseng has been favored by people more and more in recent years.

Ginseng, whether it is fried alone, soaked in wine, made into soup or stewed meat, has a good effect of invigorating qi and blood. At the same time, taking ginseng should be chosen according to one's own physical condition and the performance of ginseng, so as to give full play to the nourishing function of ginseng and achieve the purpose of tonifying the body. The following are the problems that should be paid attention to when taking ginseng together:

Fire should not be repaired. Traditional Chinese medicine has always had the principle of "tonifying deficiency and purging excess". Anyone with high fever, irritability, dry stool and yellow urine should not use ginseng as tonic.

Children taking ginseng and ginseng supplements will cause precocious puberty, which is not conducive to growth and development, and should also attract attention.

Don't take it before going to bed. Ginseng has an exciting effect on the cerebral cortex. Taking ginseng before going to bed can easily lead to insomnia and fullness. Chinese medicine believes that it is best to take ginseng on an empty stomach in the morning and eat breakfast after a little exercise, which is beneficial to absorption and will not stagnate.

Don't forget to avoid eating. Since ancient times, people have participated in the saying that radishes should not be eaten together. In addition, the components in tea and coffee can react chemically with some components in drugs, resulting in precipitation, which reduces the efficacy. So when taking ginseng, be careful not to take it with radish, strong tea and coffee.

Due to different classification methods, the types of ginseng are also different.

Botanically, there are two kinds of ginseng: one is the root of Araliaceae; One is the root of American ginseng, a plant of Araliaceae.

As far as the processing science and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine are concerned, ginseng can be divided into:

Sun-dried ginseng: the roots of Araliaceae ginseng are dried, moistened and sliced. Modern ginseng is mostly cultivated artificially.

Ginseng Rubra: It is made from the roots of Araliaceae Ginseng by steaming, moistening and slicing. Because it is red, it is called red ginseng. Modern Times is also made of cultivated ginseng.

Wild ginseng: it is the root of wild Araliaceae ginseng.

American ginseng: the root of Araliaceae American ginseng, mainly produced in the United States, Canada, France and so on. , also known as American ginseng.

According to the origin of ginseng, ginseng can be divided into Jilin ginseng, Korean ginseng and American ginseng.

At present, all kinds of classification methods are in use, which has caused great trouble to the general public, but the most commonly used classification method is still based on the processing science and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Namely, sun-dried ginseng, red ginseng, wild ginseng and American ginseng.

Third, the efficacy of various ginseng.

It is not enough to know the kinds of ginseng. If you want to benefit from ginseng, you must also understand the efficacy of various ginseng, and then choose the right ginseng to supplement your body according to your specific situation. Let's take a look at the different effects of various ginseng.

Sun-dried ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, flat in nature, with the effects of benefiting qi and pulse, invigorating spleen and lung, promoting fluid production and calming the nerves.

Ginseng Rubra: Sweet, slightly bitter, warm in nature, and has the effects of invigorating vitality, restoring pulse, invigorating qi and enriching blood.

Wild ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, flat in nature, similar in efficacy to red ginseng, but with the greatest strength, the smallest yield and expensive price.

American ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, cool in nature, invigorating qi and nourishing yin, clearing fire and promoting fluid production.

It can be seen that different kinds of ginseng have different effects. When choosing ginseng, you need to choose different ginseng according to your own needs. For example, people with strong qi and blood and heavy phlegm fire should not eat ginseng, because ginseng has a strong role in replenishing qi and blood. Let's discuss who should eat ginseng, what to eat and how to eat it.

Who should eat what ginseng?

As the old saying goes, medicine has three poisons, so you should be careful with what medicine you use, and ginseng is no exception. Ginseng is a tonic, mainly for invigorating qi. Therefore, the applicable population of ginseng is mainly people with symptoms of qi deficiency. For example, pale face, weak body and easy asthma. For another example, anemia patients often have qi deficiency syndrome, and such patients can also eat ginseng. If you are a normal person without diseases, you can also eat some ginseng in order to nourish your body and prevent diseases, but you can't overdo it. You should choose different ginseng according to your physical condition.

Generally speaking, old and weak people can eat some red ginseng or wild ginseng properly. If economic conditions do not allow them to eat wild ginseng, they can also eat some sun-dried ginseng.

Women with postpartum weakness can eat some red ginseng.

Ordinary people can eat dried ginseng tonic, but don't eat too much.

For patients with massive bleeding, it is best to eat wild ginseng, followed by red ginseng and sun-dried ginseng.

Summer tonic, you can choose American ginseng.

If people with hot constitution want to eat ginseng, it is best to choose American ginseng or sun-dried ginseng.

People who are not suitable for eating ginseng include: patients with hypertension; A person who has a bad temper and blushes; It is not advisable to eat red ginseng and wild ginseng for fever; People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should not eat American ginseng.

As for how to eat ginseng, it can be flexible. Traditionally, chicken soup is often stewed with ginseng, and it can also be sliced and soaked in water. You can also cook with ginseng. For patients with severe hematological diseases, ginseng is usually used alone, named Shen Du Decoction.

Ginseng tonic leads to sweet spring in the body.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the loss of body fluid will directly affect the balance of yin and yang. If the body is tired for a long time and the lost body fluids are not replenished in time, it will affect the health of the body. In summer, the natural environment is hot and it is easy to consume body fluids. If there is less body fluid, you will feel thirsty. At the same time, "eating gas hot", sweating a lot will make the gas lose, so I feel mentally tired, weak and sleepy all day.

Flowers will wither if they are not nourished, and the body will dry up if they are not maintained. Taking a proper amount of American ginseng in time is like digging a sweet spring in the body, which can adjust the function of the human body anytime and anywhere and ensure the normal operation of the human body.

Modern pharmacological research has proved that American ginseng is cool and sweet, which can not only replenish qi and nourish yin, but also clear fire and produce fluid, and has considerable curative effect on body fluid deficiency, thirst and dry tongue. Long-term administration can refresh the mind, promote fluid production to quench thirst, regulate balance and improve the immune function of the body. It is indeed a good choice for nourishing and strengthening the body.

Ginseng tonic effect is outstanding.

Besides the daily health care function, American ginseng has been proved to be effective in treating hypertension, myocardial malnutrition, coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. It is especially suitable for chest tightness, palpitation and upset caused by heart disease. At the same time, American ginseng can also reduce the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer, and is often used as an auxiliary medicine in the treatment of various cancers.

American ginseng has many pharmacological activities, such as:

The tonic has anti-fatigue and body building effects.

Nourishing prescription has the functions of supplementing human needs and improving immune function.

Anti-stress ability has the functions of anti-hypoxia, high temperature resistance and cold resistance.

Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have anti-myocardial ischemia and anti-shock effects, and can significantly reduce blood lipids.

Others have diuretic, sedative and hemostatic effects.

American ginseng experts say that American ginseng is mainly produced in the southern part of Canada and the northern part of the United States in North America, and it is distributed in the mountains of 30-40 degrees north latitude and 67- 125 degrees west longitude.

dangshen

Also known as Taiwan Codonopsis pilosula, Lu Codonopsis pilosula, Shang Codonopsis pilosula and Lion Head Ginseng, it is mainly produced in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Northeast China. Efficacy: this taste is sweet and flat; It has the effects of invigorating spleen and lung, benefiting qi and promoting fluid production, and can be used for treating spleen and stomach weakness, anorexia, loose stool, weakness of limbs, lung deficiency, asthma and cough, shortness of breath and spontaneous sweating, and deficiency of both qi and blood. Modern research shows that Codonopsis pilosula can enhance the body's stress ability, improve immunity, and has the functions of delaying aging, anti-ulcer and assisting anti-tumor. The daily dose is 6- 15g.

Caution: empirical evidence and heat evidence should not be used, and empirical evidence should not be used alone.

Usage: Generally, slice first and then stew, fry, boil soup, boil paste, cook porridge with juice, and make cakes and cakes with powder.

[taboo]

1. It is safe to take ginseng and its preparations for a short time according to the conventional dose, and occasionally feel a little uneasy and excited. If you take it for a long time, you will feel uncomfortable, such as insomnia, depression, headache, palpitation, elevated blood pressure, sexual dysfunction, weight loss and so on. There are 133 cases of taking ginseng and its preparations abroad. Two years later, diarrhea, rash, insomnia, nervousness, hypertension, euphoria or depression occurred respectively, and sexual function was also affected. 2. There are many reports of adverse reactions caused by short-term or one-time overdose of ginseng and its preparations. If 200 ml of 3% ginseng tincture is taken orally, dizziness and fever will occur, and 500 ml will lead to death; Shock caused by fatigue injection of 4 ml ginseng injection; After taking 10g Korean Red Ginseng once, headache, irritability and convulsion occurred 4 hours later. Dizziness, blurred vision, shaking hands, and fever occurred after taking Ginseng Rubra 15g once. Vomiting, convulsion, unconsciousness, incontinence, fever and unequal pupils on both sides occurred within one day after taking 80 grams of Ginseng Rubra, which was diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage and died of acute left heart failure. Three newborns took 0.3 ~ 0.6 grams of ginseng decoction on the day of birth, causing 1 person to die and 2 people to be poisoned. Excessive dosage is harmful to nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system and water and electrolyte metabolism. Most of the reported cases are conscious fatigue and weakness, and they are eager to supplement vital energy, which leads to physical damage and even death. Ginseng is used to nourish the body in clinic, and it must not be used too much for quick success and instant benefit. 3. improper use of ginseng is suitable for people with weak constitution, and taking it regularly can really correct the weak state. However, long-term use will cause corticosteroid poisoning-like damage.