Which three metal elements are used to cast bronze wares?

Shang dynasty is divided into early Shang dynasty and late Shang dynasty, which is very different and must be said separately.

List of Composition Changes of Bronze Alloys from Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou Dynasty

Early Shang dynasty:

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Tin bronze: The tin content is higher than that of Xia Dynasty, but it is still medium.

Ternary bronze: the content of tin and lead is low or medium. High lead exists. The content of lead in bronzes is much higher than that of tin.

Tools: (only one in Panlongcheng) contain medium tin and low lead.

Late Shang dynasty:

Container:

Tin bronze ware: it is the main component with high tin content, medium-high content and high content.

Ternary bronze: it is second only to tin bronze, with high tin and medium-high tin content, and bronze has higher tin content than lead.

Lead bronze ware: small quantity, high lead content.

Weapons:

Tin bronze: as the main component. The tin content is medium and high.

Ternary bronze: less, more and lower tin content.

Lead bronze: another main component. The ones with high lead content and medium lead content are the most.

Tools:

Tin bronze: less, high tin content.

Ternary bronze: as the main component. The ones with high tin content and low lead content are the most.

Western Zhou Dynasty

Container:

Tin bronze: it is second only to ternary bronze, with high tin content and medium high content.

Ternary bronze: as the main component. Most of them contain high and medium tin, and the tin content of bronzes is higher than that of lead.

Weapons:

Tin bronze: Both teachers and teachers have medium tin content.

Ternary bronze: it is the main component, with low or medium tin content and low, medium or high lead content.

Lead bronze: less. High lead content.

From vessels, ornaments, inscriptions, etc. Shang bronzes can be divided into early stage, middle stage and late stage.

Early Shang dynasty:

Musical instruments: Jue, Yi, Yi, Yi, Ding, Pan, Yi, Wei.

Shi Wen: The gluttonous mode is the main mode.

The tail of a gluttonous person is rolled up with a thin thread, which is simple and has a flat carving effect.

Thick line (similar to bas-relief)

Diced milk

Decorative style:

Simple and simple

Single layer mode

alleviate

High-relief sacrificial head decoration

Inscription: Unearthed cultural relics have no inscription.

Mid-Shang Dynasty: (Before Wuding)

Shape: Ding, Yi, Jue, Yi, Bu, Yi and Pan (new type is Yi and Bu)

Shi Wen: Decorative patterns are developing in a fine and complex direction.

There is a high degree of relief.

Inherit the early quotient

There are new fish patterns and turtle patterns.

Late Shang Dynasty: (After Wuding)

Form: a new form of form, respect and struggle.

Decorations: Gluttonous patterns are the main features, and the gluttonous patterns rolled down from the tail are becoming more and more popular.

There are cicada patterns, hook Yun Leiwen patterns, kuiwen patterns and bird patterns.

Decorative style: The patterns such as gluttonous patterns and cicada patterns in the front section began to take Yun Leiwen as the background, and the middle section became fine, with "three layers of patterns" (i.e. ground patterns, reliefs and patterns on reliefs). The body is decorated with leaf edges, and the handles and lifting beams are decorated with animal heads at both ends.

Inscription: including the name of the day, the name of the temple, the name of the family and the name of the manufacturer.

Western Zhou bronzes

Shape:

Early Western Zhou Dynasty:

Ding, Gui, Jue, Gui, Gui, Zun, Yi,

From inevitable to rare, it is also rare.

Juechuang is a unique tomb combination form in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

Mid-Western Zhou Dynasty: Jue, Fu, Zun and Sa disappeared, and the pot became the only wine vessel.

In the simple combination of utensils, the combination of tripod and reed has become the mainstream.

In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, chopsticks and cups appeared, which reflected the finer division of labor of utensils.

Cleisthenes's cry appeared instead of withering.

Ornaments:

Early Western Zhou Dynasty: Inherited the characteristics of Shang Dynasty

Early and late: towards simplicity

Mid-early period: New decorations such as S-shaped dragon pattern, Taihō bird pattern and net pattern appeared.

In the middle and late period: the style is simple, the complexity of Shang Dynasty is reduced, and the cluster play becomes a decorative belt.

Inscription:

The number of Chinese characters has increased, and the content is mostly political content such as fighting for the country, suppressing chaos, enfeoffment and conquest. The bronze ware with the largest number of words belongs to the late Western Zhou Dynasty.