What measures have been taken to control soil desertification in northwest China?

(1) Rational utilization of water resources

① In agricultural areas, it is mainly to improve farming and irrigation techniques, popularize water-saving agriculture and avoid soil salinization;

(2) Reduce the number of wells drilled in grassland in pastoral areas to avoid disorderly growth of livestock;

(3) In arid inland areas, the water resources in the upper, middle and lower reaches of rivers should be rationally allocated, taking into account the development of the upper and middle reaches and the protection of the ecological environment in the lower reaches.

⑵ Using biological measures and engineering measures to build a protection system.

① Oasis area in arid area

I. We should seal sand and plant grass on the edge of the desert around the oasis;

Ii. build a sand-control forest belt combining arbor and shrub in front of the oasis (actively protect, restore and develop natural shrub and grass vegetation).

Iii. establish farmland shelterbelt network in oasis to form a multi-layer protection system.

(2) In areas lacking water sources

Using firewood, branches and other materials, sand barrier projects are set up in quicksand areas to intercept sand sources, fix quicksand and prevent sand dunes from advancing.

⑶ Adjust the relationship between agriculture and forest land-suitable forest means forest, and suitable grazing means grazing.

(1) The existing forest land should be regarded as a part of the shelter forest and cannot be destroyed by reclamation.

② The irrigated grassland belt between the wasteland on the edge of oasis and oasis should not be reclaimed blindly, and it is mainly used for planting trees and grass, developing forestry and animal husbandry.

(3) Where desertification has been caused, we should also return farmland to forests and pasture.

⑷ Take comprehensive measures to solve energy problems in agricultural and pastoral areas in multiple ways.

Ways to solve the energy problems of farmers and herdsmen: such as building firewood forests, building biogas digesters and popularizing firewood-saving stoves.

5. Control population growth.

It is of great significance to control the excessive population growth, improve the quality of the population and establish an ecosystem with coordinated development of population, resources and environment.

2. Governance measures and experience in China.

⑴ Measures: biological sand fixation, aerial seeding afforestation and grass planting in sandy land, and comprehensive management of small watersheds (Figure 2. 15).

(2) A typical example of desertification control-Shapotou grass grid sand barrier.

(3) Ecological construction and desertification control of China government in northwest China.

A number of eco-environmental control projects, such as "Three North" shelter forest system construction, natural forest protection, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and desertification control, have been implemented one after another.