Rural labor force employment influencing factors and countermeasures

Employment Influencing Factors and Countermeasures for Rural Labor Force1

Abstract: Employment of rural labor force is related to the long-term peace and stability of the country, and has been a major issue of national focus.

This paper analyzes in detail the situation of rural labor force employment in China.

Keywords: rural labor force; employment; suggestions

The employment problem of transferring rural labor force has been affecting the national policy, which is an important strategic issue, which is not only directly related to whether or not it can be a fundamental solution to the problems of agriculture, rural areas and peasants, but also related to the process of China's industrialization, urbanization, which is in line with the realization of social justice and fairness. This is also consistent with the realization of social justice and fairness.

To fully understand the importance of solving the employment problem of rural labor, in the comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society, in the process of modernization, the rural labor force employment factors, also plays a very important role.

First, the importance and necessity of rural labor force transfer employment

1. The main way to increase agricultural income and rural prosperity.

With the development of agricultural mechanization, most of the work can be done with machines, which are much more convenient than people, thus creating a surplus of labor in the countryside.

In recent years, the government has introduced a series of policies to benefit agriculture, the construction of new rural areas, farmers' income is also growing gradually, but still lower than the income of urban residents, rural development is still limited, a large number of rural labor force mobility.

2. An important force for urban construction and prosperity

More than 30 years of reform and opening up, peasants began to be employed in township and village enterprises, providing a steady stream of low-cost labor, it can be said that rural migrant workers have played a decisive role in the construction of the city, and are an important force in the process of urbanization.

3. Urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization of an important way

Agricultural labor force to the towns and cities, which is the world industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization of the **** the same trend,.

In the process of China's accelerated industrialization and urbanization, there are more and more surplus rural labor force, a large number of these laborers in the urban and rural areas between the flow, we must stand in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics of the overall situation and the strategic height of the cause of industrialization and urbanization in accordance with the objectives of the rural surplus labor force in an orderly manner for the transfer.

Second, the main problems of the rural labor force transfer

1. Urban and rural areas are still barriers to employment system

Household registration system has been a bottleneck in the transfer of labor, farmers and commercial city workers can not get equal social status, and can not be equal employment, and do not get the same treatment.

Since the reform and opening up, the household registration system has begun to fade away, but so far there has been no deeper reform of the household registration system.

2. Low employment level of rural labor force

The cultural quality of rural people is relatively low.

There are illiterates, elementary school educated, junior high school educated, more than half of them have almost no education or have not participated in any training, and this situation has resulted in the low quality of personnel.

Due to the long-term low level of cultural quality and skill level, the rural labor force to transfer employment, most of which work is urban workers do not want to do thick, heavy, dirty, tired work.

The stability of rural labor employment is relatively poor, and the phenomenon of rural return is more serious.

3. Low wages for migrant workers

Although there has been an increase in wages for migrant workers in recent years, these increases have been negligible in the face of price increases, and the proportion is calculated as no increase in wages.

4. Workers' rights are difficult to protect.

At present, some industries are still more serious is the wages of migrant workers in arrears.

Especially by the Chinese Lunar New Year, migrant workers get together and go to the authorities to collect debts, which has become a hot topic.

The percentage of labor contracts for migrant workers is very low.

Signing labor contracts to protect the legal rights of migrant workers in accordance with basic labor rights, more than half of the migrant workers have not signed labor contracts.

5. Migrant workers' social security problems are prominent

Migrant workers generally do not participate in social security, and even if they do, the overall level is still relatively low.

The overall level of migrant workers is low, and their participation in social security is very low.

III. Suggestions for promoting the transfer of rural labor force for employment

1. Deepen structural reforms and gradually eliminate institutional barriers

(1) Deepen the reform of the household registration system.

The urban and rural household registration system is the root cause of unfair treatment of migrant workers.

At present, the household registration system in some small towns has been liberalized, and Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities have introduced a new household registration system, but the reform of household registration as a whole is still a long way to go.

The gradual implementation of the policy of household registration liberalization protects the equal status of migrant workers and urban residents and creates equal living conditions for the development of urban residents.

(2) Reform the labor and employment system.

The government should reform the current employment system, unify urban and rural employment policies, and remove institutional and political barriers so that rural migrant workers can enjoy the same treatment as urban workers.

The reform of the household registration system and the social security system are closely related.

Improve the coverage of rural migrant workers' participation in various social insurances, and protect the labor transfer of rural migrant workers.

2. Improve the public **** employment service system for rural labor force

Improve the labor market, establish a unified employment service system in urban and rural areas, from the inside to the outside, open competition, fair and orderly market system, and give full play to the role of the market regulatory aspects and the fundamental role of rural labor force.

To increase financial investment, strengthen the public **** service system, and strengthen the institutionalization of the employment service system.

Effectively safeguard the rights and interests of the rural labor force to labor well, to achieve equal employment rights in the enterprise, and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers are not violated.

3. Continue to expand employment channels for rural labor force

(1) urban and rural areas, the development of long-term employment opportunities in different areas of the imbalance between the development of township and village enterprises and the regional economy, to promote the transfer of surplus rural labor force in the transfer, so we should encourage the regional mobility of the farmers to enter the large and medium-sized cities for employment, at the same time, we should vigorously develop the township and village enterprises to continue to promote the region's economy, and strive to expand the local labor force. Regional economy, and strive to expand the local transfer of surplus rural labor.

(2) China's populous regions are mainly concentrated in large cities.

The excessive size of cities inevitably brings a series of problems, such as employment, education, law and order, transportation, and the environment.

In addition, due to the high cost of living in large cities, farmers can be attracted to settle in cities, which are different types of small towns and small and medium-sized cities.

To promote the orderly transfer of farmers to the towns, we should adhere to the coordinated development of small towns and small and medium-sized cities, and gradually form a reasonable town system.

(3) Encourage returning rural migrant workers to start their own businesses.

Farmers return to their hometowns to start their own businesses, and after the success of the business, the enterprise can absorb more rural surplus labor, which can improve the employment environment in rural areas and ease the pressure on rural employment.

(4) Improve the quality of the rural labor force

Personnel is always the most important component, to strengthen the quality of personnel training and knowledge education, to improve the comprehensive quality of the rural labor force.

This can be adapted to the process of industrialization, accelerate the speed of urbanization, in order to adapt to the needs of the transfer of the vast rural labor force, should vigorously carry out vocational training as well as skill-oriented training of migrant workers.

References:

[1]Shao Laijun:? Six major projects to benefit farmers? Promoting Transfer of Employment[J]. China Training,2011,(05).

[2]Hu Weidong:Doing a good job in employment services to promote the transfer of rural labor[J]. Shandong Human Resources and Social Security,2011,(09).

Influencing factors of rural labor force employment in Anhui Province and countermeasures2

Abstract The number of rural labor force in Anhui Province is a rising trend, and the accompanying problem of labor force employment is becoming more and more prominent, and the contradiction between labor force supply and demand is difficult to solve for a while, so how to find an effective program to solve the problem of employment of the rural labor force has become a top priority.

In the analysis of the current situation of rural labor force employment in Anhui Province on the basis of exploring the factors affecting the employment of rural labor force, and then based on these factors, put forward a number of views to solve the problem of rural labor force employment in Anhui Province.

Keywords: rural labor force; employment; status quo; influencing factors; solution

In recent years, the government has continuously adjusted the structure of rural industry and vigorously developed agriculture, which has liberated a large number of laborers and promoted the development of rural economy.

However, with the sharp decrease of arable land area, there are serious problems of labor surplus and unreasonable employment structure in rural areas.

How to absorb this part of the labor force, guide them to the depth of development and orderly transfer to non-agricultural industries, has become the central task.

Anhui Province, as a large agricultural province, is rich in rural labor resources.

With the adjustment of economic reform, a large number of surplus labor force.

Their problems in employment reflect, to a certain extent, the basic situation faced by the entire rural labor force employment in the country, so the study of the employment of rural laborers in Anhui Province is highly representative and widely applicable, and its significance is very important.

First, the current situation of rural labor force employment in Anhui Province

(a) The basic situation of rural labor force resources

At the end of 2009, the total rural population of Anhui Province was 35.5 million people, of which 30.53 million were family laborers.

Among the labor resources of rural families, 10.6% are illiterate or have very little literacy; 21.2% have elementary school education; 54.9% have junior high school education; 9.3% have high school education; 2.3% have secondary school education; and 1.7% have college education or above.

(ii) Employment structure of rural labor force

From a general point of view, the primary industry labor force as the main body of the rural labor force of the traditional employment pattern has not changed, the secondary industry labor force has accounted for a certain proportion of the share of the tertiary industry to absorb the rural labor force, although compared with the previous increase, but still relatively insufficient.

(C) the rural labor force out of employment

In recent years, Anhui rural surplus labor force to the towns and developed areas of the transfer of exceptionally active, foreign workers, business people increased, the population flow is frequent, the phenomenon of separation of people and households.

The flow of outbound mobile population is large and widely distributed, and economic mobility is the main.

The scale of inter-provincial mobility remains high, and has become one of the country's famous provinces of migrant population.

Anhui average annual outbound mobile population to maintain more than 4 million people, of which the proportion of out-of-province mobility in more than 50% each year.

Second, the factors affecting the employment of rural labor force analysis

(a) political factors

Anhui Province, urban and rural dual economic and social structure, a serious constraint on the formation of urban and rural unified open labor market.

The binary household registration system does not completely prevent the rural labor force from entering the city, but it divides the urban labor force into two categories: local labor force and foreign labor force.

The vast majority of rural laborers entering the city have never been truly accepted by the city, but have evolved into a special urban?

(2) Social and cultural factors

From the national statistical yearbook, the literacy level of the rural labor force in Anhui Province is lower than the national average.

In recent years, although there has been an increase in the number of rural laborers with education above high school, the number is still small.

With the progress of society, especially the rise of the tertiary industry, there is a need for a large number of rural laborers with higher quality to work in cities.

And the rural laborers are engaged in those dirty and tiring simple manual labor because of their low level of education, and their jobs are very unstable.

At the same time, the rural labor force training mechanism is not sound, there are few training institutions to serve farmers, can not meet the employment needs of the rural labor force.

Third, the solution to the employment of rural labor force

Anhui Province, the employment of rural labor force can not rely on a single policy or special measures can be resolved, must take a comprehensive, multi-dimensional, complementary policies and measures, multi-level, all-round expansion of the employment of rural surplus labor force space, and to truly alleviate the pressure on the employment of rural labor force.

Based on the analysis of the above factors affecting the employment of rural labor force, the solution to the employment of rural labor force can be from the following aspects of efforts.

(a) Develop the rural economy and improve the employment absorption capacity of agriculture

1. Bounce the pipa, staggered development, bigger and stronger agriculture

In terms of the current actual situation, the rural surplus labor force in Anhui Province is growing.

And in the future for a long time, most of the remaining rural labor force can only be employed in agriculture.

To make this part of the labor resources can be reasonably utilized, we must vigorously expand the agricultural employment space, and vigorously develop the rural industrialization.

Therefore, Anhui Province should be based on the advantages of the agricultural province, around the ? The first is to make the most of the opportunity to make the most of the opportunity. Do article, based on the development and utilization of local resources, to optimize the quality of agricultural products, optimize the structure of the rural economy, optimize the regional layout of agriculture as a strategic adjustment of the focus, the use of high-tech development of agricultural products, the implementation of the leading industries of agriculture, multi-level, multi-link, diversified . Optimization of the combination, lengthening the agricultural industry chain, and gradually formed a regional layout, specialized production, large-scale operation, social services, enterprise management.

2. Vigorously develop township enterprises and tertiary industry

Anhui Province should continue to vigorously develop small and medium-sized, township enterprises, and actively promote the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of township enterprises, support the development of the agricultural products processing industry, and expand the space for rural non-farm employment, seize the opportunity to rise to the occasion.

The development of appropriate preferential policies to promote township enterprises and tertiary industries to the county or towns within the county to focus on the relative concentration of rural talent and technology to form a production advantage, and make the township economy.

While giving full play to the industrial sector to absorb the rural labor force employment, but also to speed up the development of tertiary industry.

Continuously develop the rural capital and labor factor market, communications, insurance, information services, technical services and other industries as a priority, and actively promote the development of new industries, and promote the rural labor force to achieve employment.

(B) improve employment policies, give full play to government functions

1. Form a unified employment service system

Anhui Province is a large province of labor force output, but for a long time, the output of rural labor force is mostly in the form of self-initiated, lack of effective organization, go out to work to a large extent there is randomness, blindness and disorganization, which increases the cost of transferring employment.

The government has to be more careful about the way it works.

The government should strengthen the management, provide employment guidance for the rural labor force, develop various forms of employment intermediary organizations, and form as soon as possible an employment service system that includes information consulting, vocational introduction, employment training, employment guidance, and urban and rural unity.

2. Reform of household registration system to form a unified labor market

In order to better realize the free flow of rural labor and promote its full employment, the Anhui Provincial Government should increase the strength of the reform of the household registration system, gradually eliminate the urban and rural household registration management division, open the urban and rural household registration relocation restrictions, and truly achieve the status of urban and rural residents in the front of the opportunity for development is equal to obtain the unified social identity, so as to form a unified labor force, the urban and rural residents in the development of the social identity, the urban and rural residents to obtain a unified labor market. The social identity, so as to form a unified labor market, to achieve the optimal allocation of resources.

3. Further improve the land transfer system to make the best use of the land

The government should encourage farmers to realize the paid transfer of land management rights through subcontracting and transferring on a voluntary basis, as well as return the land management rights to the collectives, which will carry out bidding in a unified way, and cooperate the management rights with the capable growers and obtain reasonable compensation.

At the same time, the land system reform, organized and led to promote the auction of barren mountains, barren hills, barren ditches of the right to use, to promote the rational use of land resources, to alleviate the contradiction between the large number of people and the small amount of land, to solve the farmers out of the worries of the workforce, to promote the export of labor, to alleviate the pressure on the employment of rural areas.

(C) Accelerating the development of small towns and expanding non-agricultural employment

Anhui Province, as a traditional agricultural province, reserves a rich rural labor force.

By accelerating the construction of emerging towns, it helps to improve non-agricultural job opportunities in rural areas and broaden the space for the transfer of rural labor and agricultural population.

Through the development of small towns, the pressure of the rural surplus labor force into the development of industrial momentum, which is conducive to reducing the threshold of farmers into the city and the difficulty of transferring work.

At the same time, it also promotes the development of the traditional dual structure to a monistic system of urban-rural integration.

(D) play their own advantages, looking for new economic growth points

Anhui's development advantages can be summarized in four points: first, the geographical location is superior.

Located in the Wanjiang City Belt, it belongs to the Pan-Yangtze Delta region.

Secondly, labor resources are abundant.

Third, the heritage and influence of the Huishang culture will lead the rapid rise of Anhui's economy, history shows that Anhui's economic culture has influenced the Chinese land.

Fourth, the rich tourism resources mainly in Huangshan.

Vigorous development of tourism will become the main driving force of future economic growth in Anhui.

(V) Continuously improve the quality of the rural labor force

The overall cultural level of the rural labor force in Anhui Province is relatively low, and lack of vocational skills.

In order to meet the requirements of big cities for the labor skills of rural workers, further continuing education should be implemented for farmers under the premise of strengthening basic education in rural areas.

The development of rural adult education and vocational and technical education, the formation of an open, multi-level adult education system, to improve their scientific and cultural quality, enhance their ability to choose their own jobs, and fundamentally contribute to the solution of the problem of hidden unemployment in rural areas.

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