Appreciation of Gong Zizhen's Poem "Miscellaneous Poems on the Occasion of the 60th Day of the Lunar New Year

First, the understanding of the poem:

① sentence: in the boundless sadness of separation, see the setting sun and the west.

② sentence: he left the capital to go back to the south, the horsewhip pointed east, from then on with the court far away.

③ ④ two sentences: the falling red is not a heartless thing, it is nostalgic for nature, even if the commission fell into the dust, but also to be turned into spring mud, to protect the growth of new flowers, the author of the falling flowers to the self-comparison, sent to cultivate talent, for the country and the community to do their best to the embrace.

Second, the appreciation:

"Jihai Miscellaneous Poems" *** 315. Jihai refers to the Qing Daoguang 19 years (1839), a year before the war, when Gong Zizhen resigned from the south, and then went north to meet the family, in the north and south on the way back and forth, write a giant group of poems. This text is selected from the fifth chapter of "Miscellaneous Poems of the Heihai Period". The author resigned from the government in anger, leaving his friends and relatives, and was full of sorrows, which can be called "vast sorrows". In addition to the word "vast", it also implies a variety of complex thoughts and feelings, such as dissatisfaction with the society at that time, indignation towards the politicians, and worries about the people's life, etc. At the same time, we can imagine that the author whisked his sleeve away when he resigned from his official position. The "slanting sun" means that the author returned to the south with sorrows, because of the sorrows accumulated in the chest, so it feels that time passes very quickly, unknowingly, the sun has gone down to the west. The fact that the author did not say "sunset" but "sunset" coincides with the author's mood at that time, and is also a metaphor for the social reality of the country's gradual deterioration at that time. "Yin whip" refers to the poet's horsewhip, and "east pointing" indicates the destination of the trip - his hometown of Zhejiang. The phrase "the end of the world" means that it is still far away from the hometown. From this sentence, we can imagine: the poet in the evening, standing on the horse, facing the hometown, looking forward to, with the poem, mixed feelings. What is the poet thinking at this time? I want to fall red to protect the flowers. "Falling red" that is, falling flowers, the original meaning of the sentence is that the petals from the trees are not heartless, but attached to the ground, rotting into mud, into the soul, nurturing the next year's spring flowers. The author borrows the cyclic law of nature to make a self-comparison and expresses that although he resigned from the government, he would still care about the future destiny of the country. This philosophical sentence conveys the poet's rare spirit of "not in his position, but also to seek his own politics" and shows the poet's unshakable determination, which has become a famous line in ancient times, inspiring many people to "old steeds in the stable, aspiring to a thousand miles".

Major Achievements

Political

The criticisms, appeals, and aspirations of Miscellaneous Poems on the Occasion of the 60th Anniversary of the Birth of a New Emperor are the focus of the poet's patriotic passion for caring about the destiny of the nation and the country. For example, in the first two or three poems of "Miscellaneous Poems on the Occasion of the 60th Anniversary of the Birth of Christ", "No matter what the iron and salt, I am not worried about the river, but I am leaning on the southeast of the country alone with tears and tears. The country endowed three liters of people a bucket, Tu Niu that do not have planted grass." Wrote the author of the Qing Dynasty government does not pay attention to planning the salt and iron production, taxation and water conservancy issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and relies on the southeast of the canal, the people of Jiangnan to increase the exploitation, resulting in the withering of agricultural production, the people are in dire straits, jeopardizing the reality of the country's economy boldly exposed and criticized. For example, in the eighth and seventh poem of "Miscellaneous Poems of the Heihai Period", "The old man worshiped the general in the Huaihai Sea, and the side of the southern sky was not complete. I have three hundred words, but it's hard to send them in a wax pill." It expresses the poet's concern for the anti-smoking struggle and the fate of the country.

Literature

Many of Gong Zizhen's poems are both lyrical and polemical, but they do not deal with the facts, and the polemical discussion is not specific, but only the reality of the general phenomenon, referring to the height of the social and historical aspects of the problem, expressing feelings, attitudes and aspirations.

In Gong Zizhen's poem, "moon anger", "flower shadow anger", "Taihang anger", "Taihang fly ", "claw anger", "aura of anger" and so on, used to see the scenery become tigerish, moving ears and eyes, evoking unusual imagination. Another example is "Song of Falling Flowers in the Western Suburbs", which describes the falling flowers, causing sadness in the decaying scenery, turning it into an incomparably magnificent scene, higher than the ordinary imagination.

In fact, Gong Zizhen wrote a lot of five or seven words of "ancient style of侓诗", seven words of "near style of poetry", and seven lines for the bulk of the poem. The general tendency is not to be bound by meter, to use it freely, and to speak it out loud. This is also the most prominent performance of the seven-word stanza.

Most of the words of Gong is still leisure work, the expression of lingering feelings, the achievement is far inferior to the poem. In his later years, Gong Zizhen found the shortcomings of his own words: "can not be ancient elegance is not a ghost, the gas is difficult to be among the authors of the court. I regret that I have killed the woman who was left behind, and I have been a fan in the flag pavilion since I was barricaded." ("Miscellaneous Poems of the Heihai"). Gong Zizhen also wrote a number of words to express the feelings of embrace, express the feelings of loneliness and pride; contradictions with the vulgar scribes and ideals can not be realized; and Yuan Qinnan childhood on the home school scene; thought of the sword and xiao heart of the contradiction between the aspirations of the as well as the thought of retreat, stay in the mountains and the landscape.

There are magnificent, but also simple; there are ancient, but also easy; there are rare, but also common. A natural and clear, calm and sophisticated, with the influence of Du Han, some chapters due to the use of too many or too raw, or implicit twists and turns too much, can not help but bring the shortcomings of difficult and obscure. Gong Zizhen's advanced thinking is the soul of many of Gong Zizhen's best poems. The profoundness of thought and artistic originality, so that Gong poetry is unique, creating a new historical era of poetry, different from the Tang and Song poems, really open the new style of modern poetry. Gong's poetry was not appreciated by many people at that time, and its influence was greater than that of the late Qing Dynasty, mainly due to its prominent ideological and political, so that the combination of lyrical and ideological and political content, and not to fall into the text, learning, and argumentation for poetry.

As an ancient literary master, Gong Zizhen is more famous. Its prose is also consistent with the main spirit of its poetry, or "political theory of the scriptures", or direct criticism to expose the reality, or play on the theme, or through thesis, thesis, remembering things, remembering the situation of famous places on the feudal rule of corruption, darkness as a criticism of satire, rich and deep thought content. The method of expression is also very diverse, or blunt, or bizarre, scattered lines in the parallel, brief in the presentation, the language is magnificent and ancient.

Gong Wen's method of expression is generally very simple, and in brief, there is a narrative exaggeration, some blunt, some strange. Gong Zizhen's prose language is lively and diverse. There are . There are parallelisms in the prose lines, some are magnificent, some are ancient and even remote, hard and obscure. Gong Wen distinguishes itself from the ancient texts of the Tang and Song dynasties and the Tongcheng school, and is a unique development of the ancient texts of the pre-Qin and the two Han dynasties, creating a new style of ancient texts or prose. Gong Zizhen's words are also famous. According to Tan Xian, the words are "Mianli Shenyang, intended to be combined with Zhou and Xin, a strange work" (Fudang Diaries, II).

Liang Qichao said: "The liberation of the late Qing thought, Zizhen really with the credit. Between the Guangxu so-called new scholars, the rate of everyone through the worship of Gong's one of the period; the first reading of the Dingan complete collection, if by electricity." ("An Introduction to Qing Scholarship")

Evaluation of Gong Zizhen

Gong Zizhen supported Lin Zexu to check the ban, and suggested that Lin Zexu to strengthen the military facilities, ready to fight against the British invaders. Gong Zizhen's lifelong pursuit of "more law" was not realized until his death, but it had a beneficial effect in many ways. In the social outlook, Gong Zizhen pointed out that the root cause of social unrest is the rich and the poor are not the same, and asked for reform of the imperial examination system, many to bring in "through the use of" talents. In philosophical thought, he expounded the viewpoints of the Tiantai Sect of Buddhism, and put forward the idea that there is no good or bad in human nature, and that "good and evil all come later". In history, he called for "honoring history" and devoted himself to the exploration of the history and geography of Northwest China. In literature, it puts forward the "respect for feelings", advocating poetry and people as one. [2]

Gong Zizhen is the pioneer of the reformist movement in China. Gong Zizhen soberly saw the Qing dynasty has entered the "decline", is "the day of the sunset"; Gong Zizhen criticized the decadence of feudal rule, exposing the trend of decline of feudal society, calling for reform of the wind and thunder of the atmosphere. In the one hundred and twenty-fifth poem of "Miscellaneous Poems of the Sixth Year", "the nine states are angry with the wind and thunder, and the ten thousand horses are all mute, which is sad. I urge the God of Heaven to be vigorous again, and not to restrict talent to one pattern." This poem exposes social ills, attacks the bureaucratic system, expresses the author's fire-like enthusiasm, and inspires and motivates people. Gong Zizhen on the dead society, bang, wake up a lot of the world's deep dreams, prompting people to the truth, goodness, beauty and courage. While attacking the authoritarian rule, it also expresses the author's pursuit of ideological liberation and personality liberation.