The difference between phonetics and phonology

Phonology is a traditional knowledge to study the sound, rhyme and tone system and its development law in ancient Chinese in various historical periods. It is an important part of ancient Chinese, just as modern Chinese pronunciation is an important part of modern Chinese. The so-called sound, rhyme and tone system simply refers to the types of Chinese sound, rhyme and tone and the coordination law of initials and finals in a certain historical period. Take modern Mandarin as an example, it has 22 initials, 38 finals and 4 tones. The coordination of initials and finals is not random, but has certain rules. For example, the initials J, Q, and X can only be spelled with the vowels that are full of teeth and full of mouth, but not with the vowels that are open-mouthed and closed-mouthed. In terms of research methods, traditional phonology mainly adopts association method, analogy method, statistics method and comparison method. On the issue of phonetic notation, because there were no modern phonetic notation tools in ancient times, the ancients used Chinese characters to express the phonology of Chinese characters, so traditional phonology had to use some commonly used Chinese characters as phonetic notation tools when studying ancient Chinese sounds, and only used international phonetic symbols or other phonetic symbols when constructing ancient Chinese sounds, but this was after the Qing Dynasty. Different from traditional phonology, phonology is a science that studies human language and sound in the19th century. This paper mainly studies the phonetic system (the composition and structure of sound), the law of change and development, teaches people how to analyze and study the phonetic system and change, how to find the law of change of sound, and trains people to pronounce, listen, remember and judge sound at the same time. Phonetics is generally divided into general phonetics, historical phonetics, descriptive phonetics and experimental phonetics. Phonetics is an objective description of pronunciation, and sometimes various experimental methods are used to clarify the physiological and physical phenomena of pronunciation; On the other hand, phonology regards pronunciation as a system, and it studies the relationship between various phonetic phenomena. Since phonetics studies phonetics as a physiological phenomenon or a physical phenomenon, there is so-called general phonetics, which describes the functions of the vocal organs and the composition of various phonetics. It is suitable for all mankind, but the specific language of each nation has its own phonetic characteristics. As for phonology, there can be no "general phonology phonology"

",because phonology always belongs to a specific language, with very obvious national characteristics, and the phonetic system of language A can never be the same as that of language B. From the above comparison, we can see that Chinese phonology is the traditional knowledge to study the historical phonetics of Chinese in China, while phonology is a modern science to study the phonetics of various languages and all aspects of phonetics. Chinese phonology is equivalent to a branch of phonetics, which can be called Chinese historical phonetics. There are obvious differences between them in research objects, classification, methods and phonetic notation tools, so they must not be confused. However, phonology is closely related to phonetics. It is inconceivable that a person can learn phonology well without knowing the truth of phonetics. Therefore, we can say that phonetics is the basis of phonology. Since phonetics knowledge was introduced into China, it is very necessary to study Chinese phonology system, analyze the characteristics of Chinese phonology, explore the development law of ancient phonology and construct ancient phonology. Therefore, phonetics can be said to be the basis and tool for studying Chinese phonology.