Location conditions of Xijiang economic belt

Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi are rich in hydropower resources, and Guizhou is also rich in coal resources, while Guangdong is relatively poor in energy resources, especially high-quality coal in Guangdong and Guangxi. Located in the upper reaches of Xijiang River Basin, Southwest China has initially established an industrial system with coal, steel, nonferrous metals and building materials industries as the mainstay, supplemented by military industry, forming a number of large and medium-sized cities that have begun to take shape, and strengthening the economic foundation for its own development. The downstream area of Xijiang River Basin is the economically developed Pearl River Delta, which has regional advantages closely related to the international market and strong industrial radiation function. In the upper reaches of Xijiang River, modern commercial civilization gradually advanced from the coast of Guangdong to the southwest mainland, and emerging cities such as Zhaoqing, Wuzhou, Hezhou, Nanning, Liuzhou and Baise emerged. Xijiang River is an important axis to promote the formation and development of basin economy. Yunnan-Guizhou region is the region with the richest reserves of phosphate rock resources in China, which has the conditions and foundation for establishing a world-class phosphorus chemical base. This area is also the most important production base of high-quality tobacco leaves in China. Yunnan's profit and tax for consecutive years 15 ranked first in China tobacco industry, with the highest profit and tax exceeding 38 billion yuan per year. Cigarette industry is the most famous light industry in Guizhou. With the production of tobacco leaves in Guangxi, a large number of domestic and foreign famous brand enterprises and products have been born. At the same time, the tobacco industry has promoted and supported the development of a number of related industries, created a large number of aluminum foil factories, paper mills, fertilizer factories and printing houses, and promoted the rapid development of tobacco fertilizer, paper chemicals and other chemicals industries, tobacco machine industries and tobacco redrying industries. Yunnan is also rich in biological resources, such as flax, panax notoginseng and purple Dan, which are suitable for large-scale planting and processing, developing biopharmaceutical industry, and then forming a biopharmaceutical industrial chain integrating planting, processing and research and development. Yunnan is the province with the most plant species in China, with more than 2,500 kinds of wild flower resources, which is known as "natural garden" and "plant kingdom". Xijiang River Basin is rich in solar energy and water resources. Using solar energy and hydropower to develop energy industry can not only save oil and coal resources, but also effectively avoid environmental pollution. It is one of the emerging green industries.

At present, the exploitation and utilization of natural resources in the upper reaches of Xijiang River basin is low, and the potential resource advantages have not been transformed into realistic economic advantages. There are large coalfields in Liupanshui, Guizhou and Qujing, Yunnan, but the degree of development is not enough, the production capacity is far from being exerted, and the transportation channels inside and outside the region are not smooth, which hinders coal transportation. Hongshui River is rich in hydropower, but at present there are only a few large hydropower stations such as Dahua, Ertan and Tianshengqiao, and the construction of small and medium-sized hydropower stations on other tributaries of Xijiang River has not received due attention. Insufficient hydropower development in pithead, intersection and load area leads to power shortage in this area, which makes a lot of production capacity stagnate and idle. Most areas in southeastern Guizhou and Guangxi are suitable for papermaking, and the conditions for developing papermaking industry are superior, but papermaking industry has always been the weak link in these areas.

Xijiang River basin has a natural foundation for eco-tourism, and Yunnan has many tourism resources, such as the famous Lunan Stone Forest, Dali, Xishuangbanna, Parallel River, Dianchi Lake in Kunming and Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang. , are national key scenic spots, there are a large number of provincial scenic spots. From Yunnan and Guizhou to Guangxi and Guangdong, countless natural landscapes such as mountains, caves, rivers, cultural landscapes and ethnic customs constitute the unique tourist landscape in this area. Some scholars put forward a conjecture in regional economics: in the early stage of economic development and modernization in all countries in the world, the economic development speed of the downstream along the main river boundaries is usually faster than that of the upstream, so the downstream area is often one step ahead and has a higher degree of modernization. The reason is that due to the direction of water flow, the cost of natural resources flowing from upstream to downstream is lower than that in the opposite direction, so it is more economical to export natural resources from rich cities or regions to downstream. Xijiang river basin basically presents such distribution characteristics. Xijiang River Basin flows through Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and Macao, with rich resources in the upper reaches, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macao, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Dongguan, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Shunde and Nanhai and 6,500 "Pearl River Metropolitan Belt" in the lower reaches. The axis of the Xijiang River starts from Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta in the east and reaches Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces in the west, connecting economically developed South China with resource-rich Southwest China. The middle and upper reaches of the Xijiang River Basin are connected with the Southwest Economic Development Zone, and the downstream estuaries are economically developed areas such as Foshan, Jiangmen, Shunde, Zhuhai and Macao in the west wing of the Pearl River Delta. It is a golden belt connecting the developed coastal areas and the underdeveloped southwest areas, and it is also the economic axis of the key economic belt of the country's western development.

Although they share the same water system and the same origin, the economic development level of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Xijiang River is obviously different. The downstream, midstream and upstream constitute an obvious gradient trend. The downstream Pearl River Delta is the most economically developed region in China, which has been in the middle and late stage of industrialization, while the two star cities adjacent to it, Hong Kong and Macau, are highly developed modern cities, which have been in the post-industrial period. Guangxi in the middle reaches (Zhaoqing in Guangdong is also in the middle reaches) is in the middle and early stage of industrialization, waiting to take off. The upstream Yunnan and Guizhou are underdeveloped and are preparing for economic take-off. In a word, the Pearl River Delta in the lower reaches has become the forefront and the most developed area of China's reform and opening up, but the Yunnan-Guizhou region in the upper reaches and the source is almost forgotten. Nowadays, the accumulated development gap shows no signs of convergence, but continues to develop towards polarization under the force of "Matthew effect". The industrial structure level and labor productivity in the middle and upper reaches of Xijiang River basin are obviously lower than those in the lower reaches of Pearl River Delta, which means that the task of industrial structure adjustment in the former is quite heavy. At present, the key lies in developing non-agricultural industries, especially the secondary industry, and undertaking the transfer of downstream industries. However, the upstream and the source bear the responsibility of ecological barrier, and the industries transferred from the downstream are mostly traditional industries with high energy consumption and high emissions, which increases the difficulty of industrial structure adjustment in the middle and upstream areas and causes the "dilemma" between industrial development and water environment protection in the upstream areas. Therefore, we must weigh the advantages and disadvantages from the overall situation, not only to find a suitable development path, but also to protect the ecological environment of Xijiang River.

The front of Xijiang Corridor is close to the economically developed Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, backed by the northwest and southwest of Guangxi, and has the function of connecting the east with the west. Therefore, the construction of Xijiang Economic Corridor is conducive to opening up the east-west passage, promoting the western region to accept the economic radiation and industrial transfer of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and promoting the extension of reform and opening up from the coast to the mainland, forming a cross-regional and diversified opening pattern. In other words, both coastal areas and inland areas need to have the same carrier and be connected with it through a belt. It is undoubtedly of great significance for the overall situation of reform and opening up to build the Xijiang Economic Corridor and strengthen its role as a hub between the east and the west, so that it can better shoulder the role of connecting the east and the west.

In the area along the Yangtze River in the "Xijiang Industrial Belt", the industrial development has begun to take shape. The main products in traditional industries, such as sugar, nonferrous metals, machinery manufacturing, building materials, metallurgy and so on. , already has considerable market competitiveness; At the same time, high-tech industries such as pharmacy, aluminum processing, biology, electronics and information have developed rapidly. In the existing regional cooperation, the formation of "Xijiang industrial belt" also has a certain industrial base. Some provinces and cities began to undertake industrial transfer, among which Guangxi, which is close to the Pearl River Delta, took the lead in actively building industrial transfer bases to undertake industrial transfer in developed eastern regions. For example, Nanning was the first city to determine the construction of Guangdong Industrial Park, Guangdong Commercial Street and Macau Commercial Street.

The economic cooperation among the five provinces in Xijiang River Basin has achieved initial results and laid a solid foundation. Various regions in Xijiang River Basin have established natural and economic ties. Western Guangdong and Zhaoqing, which border the Xijiang River Basin in Guangxi, are second only to the Pearl River Delta in terms of economic development level in Guangdong, and their industrial base and infrastructure are also relatively developed. The level of urbanization is also higher than that of northern and eastern Guangdong. The southeast of Guangxi, which borders it, has a huge industry and infrastructure. This area is very easy to accept the industrial transfer in the Pearl River Delta. From the perspective of interpersonal relationship. Xijiang River Basin and Pearl River Delta belong to Lingnan regional culture, and their cultural traditions, living customs and moral fashions are compatible. This area speaks similar dialects and forms the same customs. People have frequent exchanges and many relatives, and the exchange of goods has long formed a historical habit. Yunnan-Guizhou Power is sent to the Pearl River Delta region through tianshengqiao hydropower station, Guizhou.

At the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic and Trade Cooperation Fair in 2004, the amount of contracts signed by Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Macao in the Xijiang River Basin reached 200 billion yuan, accounting for more than two-thirds of the total amount signed at the fair. The number of contracted projects accounts for more than 70% of the total. A large number of funds and projects have been signed in these five provinces. From the perspective of human relations, Xijiang River Basin and Pearl River Delta belong to Lingnan regional culture, with highly similar cultural traditions and customs and similar languages, which is conducive to mutual cooperation and exchanges between regions. There have been frequent exchanges in history, and the exchange of goods has long been a historical habit. At present, many enterprises and industrial parks have been spontaneously built along the Xijiang trunk line. Economists have also turned their attention to this development. Xiao Zhuoji, a famous economist, suggested that enterprises from the Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong and Macao should be guided to push westward along the Yangtze River to form an industrial chain with win-win cooperation between upstream and downstream. Xiong Zongren, a researcher at Guizhou Academy of Social Sciences, called on all parties to speed up the construction of the Xijiang Economic Belt and incorporate it into national decision-making. The deterioration of ecological environment in this basin has accelerated. According to some data, since the founding of New China, the forest coverage in the middle and upper reaches of Xijiang River has been reduced by half, the area of soil erosion has increased by 65,438 0.5 times, the number of active landslides and mudslides has more than doubled, and the area of soil erosion accounts for 53.08% of the total area. The intensity, extreme intensity and severity of soil erosion modulus account for 20.09%, 65,438+0.46% and 65,438+0.78% of the total soil erosion area respectively. The frequency of floods and droughts and the affected area are increasing. Compared with the 1950s, the drought-affected areas in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces increased by 7.7 times and 2.4 times respectively, and the waterlogged area in Guangxi increased by 2.76 times. With the development of industry, air pollution and water pollution have become more and more serious. Acid rain has endangered most areas in the middle and upper reaches, and the frequency of acid rain is generally above 65%. Near cities and economically developed areas, the water quality of many river sections does not meet the drinking water standard.

Up to now, the country has not systematically defined the ecological function orientation of river basins, nor the water function categories and water quality evaluation requirements of cross-border sections. In the case that the functional areas of inter-provincial river basins are not clear, each province in the basin delimits its own functional areas according to its own economic development and environmental protection needs. Due to the failure to co-ordinate the development of the whole basin and the protection of the ecological environment, the division of administrative units in their own way has brought great difficulties to the coordinated development of the upper and lower reaches, greatly restricted the protection of the ecological function of the whole basin and its supporting role in economic and social development, and finally led to its own unsustainable development. Even cross-border areas (especially provincial boundaries) have different water function orientations and different water quality evaluation categories, thus losing the minimum premise of defining the responsibilities and obligations of the protection and development of administrative units in the basin and establishing a coordination mechanism. Basin coordination is to define the functional orientation of the whole basin and the responsibilities and obligations of each administrative unit through the establishment of the mechanism, so that each administrative unit can form a mutually beneficial, harmonious and win-win situation in the whole basin. Compared with the Pearl River Delta, where the downstream economy is developed, Yunnan and Guizhou are economically underdeveloped areas, which have preserved a relatively complete primitive ecological environment and ethnic customs and have a good ecological foundation. Therefore, it is easier to develop green industrial economy from a high starting point, take the road of industrial ecological development mode, and realize the sustainable development of resources, environment and economy and society. If you come by boat from east to west, you will see Yanzhou Island floating in the center of Xijiang River. Legend has it that in the second year of Li Qing, Song Renzong (1042), Bao Zheng, known as Bao Qingtian, left Zhaoqing at the end of his three-year official career, and suddenly the waves were churning and the wind was blowing hard. Bao Gong felt suspicious and immediately asked his men. It turned out that Duanzhou inkstone workers sent a trustee a Duanzhou inkstone wrapped in yellow cloth in order to express their admiration for Bao Gong's compassion for the people. When the men saw that it was an inkstone, not gold and silver jewelry, they accepted it. Bao Gong immediately threw Duan Yan into the river. When it stops, it is calm. Later, a piece of "Luzhou" was raised in the place where the referendum was held, namely Yanzhou Island. The yellow cloth covering the inkstone flowed down the river, forming a yellow sand near the Xijiang River, which is now the yellow cloth sand. According to this legend, the local people built a Baogong Temple on Yanzhou Island, which still exists today and the incense continues. This is the breeze in the twenty scenic inkstones of Xijiang River. Passing through the Baogong archway in Yanzhou, I came to Antelope Gorge, which is called the Three Gorges of Xijiang River in China's geography book. Xijiang Three Gorges consists of Antelope Gorge, Sanrong Gorge and Dading Gorge. The scenery of Xijiang River is also famous for the Three Gorges. There are 20 scenic spots in the Three Gorges of Xijiang River from east to west: Yanzhu Qingfeng, Xia Ling Guifan, Luo Yin Taoxi Sunset, Fuguishi, Shanhu Entrance and Exit, Qingfeng Xiange, Huanape Ancient Cave, Jingfu Hua Zhong Reflection, Ancient Pagoda, Jianglou Night Scene, Rain Clouds in the Tower, Baisha jathyapple, Five Fishing Lights, Five Horses Guicao, Tortoise and Snake Lock the River and Town Water.

Luo Yin Xiadian, on the north side of Antelope Gorge, was originally an institution sent by Dinghushan to welcome pilgrims from the ferry, also known as the Rest Temple. According to historical records, in 743 AD, Rong Rui, a monk of the Tang Dynasty in Japan, invited Master Jian Zhen to visit Japan to spread Buddhism. On the fifth trip, I was caught in a hurricane drift in Zhoushan, went through all the hardships and landed on Hainan Island. After Wuzhou arrived in Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing City) in the east, he boarded the longxing temple of Dinghushan (changed to Baiyun Temple in Song Dynasty), died of illness and was buried at the south foot of Lotus Peak in Dinghushan.

Out of the antelope gorge in the west, the river suddenly opened up. When you come to the river in the city, the first thing you see is the four pagodas on both sides of the Xijiang River. Four ancient pagodas confront Jiajiang. The poet Guo Moruo 196 1 left a famous sentence when he visited the Xijiang River: the four towers are high and the sky is stable, and the seven stars are accompanied by the moon palace. There are many high-rise buildings on both sides of the Xijiang River, which are full of traffic and excitement. Zhaoqing is on the north bank and Gaoyao is on the south bank. The two modern cities face each other across the river and compete with each other in prosperity.

Up the river, there are bridges in the north and south of Xijiang Bridge, and the natural moat becomes a thoroughfare. Further ahead are Dading Gorge and Sanrong Gorge.

Going up the river and entering the Deqing area, you can see the Dragon Mother Ancestral Temple and the brand-new Sanyuan Tower from the boat. Further west, you will reach the foot of the famous Jinshi Mountain in China's history. Jinshishan is 375 meters high, divided into upper and lower floors. The upper 200-meter cylindrical Shishan rises into the sky, and the lower 175-meter earthen mountains complement each other. Seen from three different directions, Jinshishan has different views: it looks like a natural China watch, so some people call it China Watch Stone; Like an old man, some people call it the old gentleman stone; Like a monk's head, some people call it a monk stone. In fact, the name of Jinshishan is related to historical biography.