What plant is corn?

Chinese name: corn

Latin name: corn.

Alias: corn, corn, reed.

Chinese name: Gramineae

Corradin's name: Gramineae.

Chinese name: Zea.

Latin name: Zea

(1) Corn, also known as Maize, Millet, Bonzi, Corn, Yuling, Yumai, Liugu, Millet and pearl rice, belongs to Gramineae. The sown area of corn ranks third in the world, second only to wheat and rice. In China, corn is planted in a large area and widely distributed, which is one of the main foods for people in mountainous areas in the north and southwest of China and other arid valley areas.

Corn is also called "corn", "corn", "reed" and "pearl rice". According to research, corn originated in South America. 7000 years ago, American Indians began to grow corn. Because corn is suitable for dry land cultivation, western European colonists brought corn seeds back to Europe after invading America, and then planted them widely in Asia and Europe. /kloc-Around the middle of the 0/6th century, China began to introduce corn, and18th century spread to India. So far, corn has been planted on all continents in the world, with the largest corn planting area in North America and Central America.

Second, the classification of corn

There are two main ways to classify corn: by seed coat color and by quality. Details are as follows:

1, China's newly revised national standard and American standard divide corn into yellow corn, white jade rice and mixed corn according to the color of seed coat.

Yellow corn. The seed coat is yellow, including red and yellow corn. American standard stipulates that the content of other colors corn in yellow corn should not exceed 5.0%.

White corn. The seed coat is white, including slightly yellow or pink corn. According to American standards, light yellow means light straw color, and it is stipulated that the corn content of other colors in white jade rice should not exceed 2.0%.

Mixed corn. In China's national standards, it is defined as corn mixed with more than 5.0% of corn outside this category. The color expressed by American standard can neither meet the color requirements of yellow corn nor white corn, and it contains yellow corn with white top.

2. According to the quality classification, corn can be divided into conventional corn and special corn. The so-called special corn refers to various types of corn except conventional corn. Traditional special corn includes sweet corn, waxy corn and popcorn, and newly developed special corn includes high-quality protein corn (high lysine corn), high oil corn and high amylose corn. Special corn is called "high-value corn" abroad because of its higher technical content and greater economic value than ordinary corn.

Sweet corn. Usually divided into ordinary sweet corn, fortified sweet corn and super sweet corn. Sweet corn has strict requirements on production technology and harvest period, and its shelf life is short. China has mastered a set of breeding techniques and accumulated some germplasm resources, and all kinds of sweet corn types bred in China can basically meet the market demand.

Waxy corn. Its production technology is much simpler than sweet corn. Compared with ordinary corn, it has almost no special requirements, flexible harvest period and long shelf life, and does not need special storage and processing conditions. Waxy corn is not only fresh, but also an important raw material for starch processing industry. The breeding and production of waxy corn in China have developed rapidly.

Popcorn.

High oil corn. The oil content is high, especially the content of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and oleic acid reaches 80%, which has the functions of lowering serum cholesterol and softening blood vessels. In addition, the protein of high-oil corn is higher than that of ordinary corn by 10- 12%, lysine is higher by 20%, and vitamin content is also higher, so it is a multifunctional corn with both grain, feed and oil.

High quality protein corn (high lysine corn). The yield is not lower than that of ordinary corn, but the lysine content of whole grain is 80- 100% higher than that of ordinary corn. In some areas of China, the combination of high yield and high quality has been achieved.

Purple corn. It is a very rare corn variety, which is a special product of our country. It is called "black pearl" because its particles are shaped like pearls. Although the quality of purple corn is excellent and single-minded, there are few sticks and small grains, and the yield per mu is only about 50 kg.

Other special corn and improved corn varieties. Including high starch special corn, silage corn, edible corn hybrid varieties and so on.