Peony flower information

.... .o Peony (scientific name: Paeonia suffruticosa) is an important ornamental plant, native to the mountainous areas around the Qinling Mountains and the Dabashan Mountains in western China, and wild single-petal varieties still exist in this area; peony is most famous in Luoyang and Heze Peony. Peony is a woody shrub and peony is a rooted herb, with very similar flowers and leaves. Peony blossoms at the beginning of May and peony blooms later, which is the main difference between them. Peony is native to northern China and Siberia, and is more hardy. In English and other European languages, peony and peony are the same word.　Origin and Habitat Luoyang Weina Works - Fine Art Peony Paintings Native to the mountains around the Qinling Mountains and the Dabashan Mountains in western China, Hanzhong is the earliest place in China where peonies were cultivated artificially, and it is a deciduous sub-shrub. It is a deciduous sub-shrub. The peony prefers coolness and heat, and is dry and humid. It can tolerate a low temperature of -30℃, and can grow normally in areas with an average relative humidity of about 45% per annum. It prefers shade and is less intolerant to sunlight. Require loose, fertile, well-drained neutral soil or sandy soil, avoid sticky soil or low temperature planting. Flowering period of 4-5 months. Cultivated by grafting, because it belongs to the same genus of peony as peony, and more peony as rootstock. [1] I. Soil 1. Soil quality: peony is suitable for loose and fertile soil with deep soil layer. Soil drainage must be good. Pot plants can be grown in general culture soil. 2. Soil nature: neutral or neutral slightly alkaline soil. Second, watering peony[2] Proverbs say, proverb: "Peony should be dry and not wet." Peony is a deep-rooted fleshy root, afraid of long-term stagnant water, usually watering should not be more, and it should be properly dry. Fertilizing is said to be "clear peony" and "cloudy peony". Cultivation of peony base fertilizer must be sufficient. Base fertilizer can be compost, cake fertilizer or manure. Usually, it is good to apply fertilizer three times a year, i.e., half a month before blossoming, spraying a phosphorus-based fertilizer plus flower strong tilling; half a month after blossoming, applying compound fertilizer; and applying compost once before winter to ensure the blossoming in the second year. Temperature: Peony is hardy and does not tolerate high temperature. In East China and Central China, it can be overwintered in the open ground, and the flower buds begin to expand gradually when the temperature reaches 4℃. Suitable temperature: 16~20℃, no flowering below 16℃. Summer heat, the plant is semi-dormant. V. Light Proverbs, Peony[3] As the saying goes, "Yin camellia, Yang peony." Peony likes sun, but does not like the sun. When planted on the ground, it is necessary to choose a place with high terrain facing east and sunshine, and potted plants should be placed on the sunny east balcony, such as the south balcony or roof terrace, and the west side of the plant should try to be shaded. Sixth, cultivation techniques Luoyang Fan Yu works - ancient style only two Qiao 1. planting Select sunny, not waterlogged place, preferably sunny slopes, on the quality of fertile, well-drained sandy loam. Before planting, the land should be turned over y, and the planting pit should be appropriately large, so that the peony roots should be put into the hole vertically and spread out, and the roots should not be fisted. The planting should not be too deep, and it is good to just bury the roots. Generally, there are fewer potted plants. 2. Light and temperature Adequate sunlight is favorable for its growth, but it is not resistant to the hot sun in summer, and the temperature above 25℃ will make the plant dormant. Flowering temperature of 17 -20 ℃, but the flower must be 1 -10 ℃ of low temperature treatment for 2 -3 months before. It can tolerate a low temperature of - 30℃ at the lowest, but it is necessary to take appropriate measures against cold in winter in the northern cold zone to avoid frost damage. The high temperature and high humidity in the south is extremely unfavorable to the growth of peony, therefore, the cultivation of peony in the south needs to be given specific environmental conditions in order to enjoy the beautiful peony flowers.3. Watering and Fertilizing Watering 2 times before planting. Water twice before planting. Irrigate once before winter to ensure its safe overwintering. Give water to the soil after spring depending on the dryness and wetness of the soil, but don't water too much. Generally apply 3 times throughout the year, the first time for the pre-flowering fertilizer, fast-acting fertilizer, to promote its flowers to open a good. The second time for the post-flowering fertilizer, the pursuit of 1 time organic liquid fertilizer. The third time is the autumn and winter fertilizer, to the base fertilizer, to promote the following spring growth. In addition, we should pay attention to weeding, no weeds can be shallow plow loose soil. 4. Plastic pruning After the flowers are removed in a timely manner, pruning, according to the natural growth of the tree combined with the shape of the tree they want to cut, while in the pruning mouth coated with a healing antiseptic film to protect the wound, to prevent the invasion of infection by pathogens. If you want to plant low, dense flowers, then short cut heavy, in order to inhibit the expansion of branches and root tillers occur, generally retain 5-6 branches per plant is appropriate. 5. Flowering control Potted peonies can be treated in winter and blossom in Spring Festival by selecting robust peony varieties with full scale buds (e.g. Zhao Pink, Luoyang Red, Shengdan Furnace, Ge Jin Zi, Pearl Sand Basis, Dazihu Red, Murk Kui, Wulong Huan Sheng, etc.) to be taken up with the soil, try to injure the roots as little as possible, and then dry the peonies for 12-3 days in the shade and pot them up, then carry out shaping and trimming, and set aside 10 full terminal buds for each peony, and then wipe off the remaining buds. The top buds of each plant should be kept, and the rest of the buds should be wiped out. When potting, the size of the pot should be matched with the plant to achieve a satisfactory shape. After watering thoroughly, normal management. 50-60 days before the Spring Festival will be moved into the greenhouse at about 10 ℃ sprayed 2-3 times a day, pots keep moist. When the scale buds expand, gradually increase the temperature to 25-30 ℃, the night temperature is not less than 15 ℃, so the Spring Festival visible flowers. Seven, common diseases such as brown spot disease, red spot disease and rust; common pests such as nematodes, grubs and tigers. Ercho (1) leaf spot disease: also known as red spot disease, this disease is a fungal infection of the genus Polychaeta. The pathogen mainly infiltrates the leaves, but also infiltrates the new branches. The onset of the initial stage is generally about 15 days after the flower, mid-July with the rise in temperature is increasingly serious. Initially, the abaxial leaf surface has grain-sized brown spots, the edge of the color is slightly darker, the formation of the outside of the dense light, irregular circular circular pattern of dead spots, each other fused, so that the leaves withered and withered. Petiole damage produces dark green tomentum layer; stem and stalk infection produces elevated spots; the pathogen overwinters in the stem and leaves of the diseased plant and in the soil. Prevention and control methods: ① early November (winter) before and after the ground in the leaf sweeping, centralized burning, in order to eliminate the pathogen; ② before the onset of (May) spraying 1: 1: 160 times the Bordeaux solution, 10-15 days once until the end of July; ③ early onset of the disease, spray 500-800 times the methyltobutoxin, carbendazim, 7-10 days once sprayed for three or four consecutive times. (2) Purple feather disease: a fungal disease. Spread by the soil. Incidence in the root neck and roots, to the root neck is more common. Victims of purple or white cottony mycelium, the first yellow-brown, then black-brown, commonly known as "black pimple head". Mildly formed patchy plaques, do not produce new roots, branches withered fine, yellow leaves, scale buds deflated; heavy whole root neck and the very system rot, plant death. This disease mostly occurs in the high temperature and rainy season from June to August, and after September, with the lowering of temperature and the reduction of rainfall, the spread of spots stops. Peony[4] prevention and control methods: ① choose well-drained high and dry land for planting; ② timely plowing in the rainy season to reduce soil moisture; ③ rotate crops once in 4-5 years; ④ select and breed disease-resistant varieties; ⑤ when planting, use 500 times of pentachloronitrobenzene solution to apply on the affected area and then plant, or use 5% diclofenac ammonium 1000 times of solution to pour on the roots; ⑥ disinfect the area around the affected plants with lime or sulfur. (3) Insecticide. Also known as stem rot. Pathogen for the nuclear disk bacteria. At the onset of the onset of the stem near the ground water stained spots, gradually expanding rot, appear white cotton. It may also infect leaves and flower buds. Prevention and control methods: choose well-drained high and dry plots of planting; find diseased plants timely dug up and soil sterilization; 4-5 years crop rotation. Often see also anthracnose, rust. Anthracnose occurs on the leaf surface of round or irregular light brown sunken spots, expanding the edge of the purple-brown; rust in the back of the leaf bearing yellow spore mounds, causing leaf greening, later on the diseased leaves with columnar hairs. Prevention and control methods are the same as leaf spot disease. Propagation and cultivation commonly used planting and grafting method of reproduction, can also be sown and cuttings. The appropriate time for transplantation is from late September to early October, not too early or too late. Peony[5] fertilizer, should be fertilized at least three times a year, namely, "flower fertilizer", "bud fertilizer" and "winter fertilizer". Cultivation of 2-3 years should be pruning. On the growth potential of strong, strong branching ability of the species, only need to cut off the weak branches, retain all the strong branches, the base of the tiller should be removed in a timely manner, in order to maintain a beautiful plant shape. In addition to the buds is also an extremely important work, in order to make the plant blooming and colorful, to keep the plant robust, according to the age of the tree, control the number of flowers. In the early buds, select and retain a certain number of fully developed flower buds, too many buds and weak buds removed as soon as possible. Generally 5-6 years old plants, retain 3-5 flower buds. For newly planted plants, all flower buds should be removed in the spring of the following year to prevent them from blooming, so as to concentrate the nutrients to promote the development of the plants. Peony is a deep-rooted deciduous shrub flower, sun-loving, cold-resistant, love cool environment and avoid high temperature and sultriness, suitable for growing in loose, fertile and well-drained sandy soil. Therefore, the potting soil of peony flower should be mixed with sandy soil and cake fertilizer, or the fully rotted stable fertilizer, garden soil and coarse sand mixed in the ratio of 1:1:1. If there is too much water in the cultivation soil, its fleshy roots will rot easily. Therefore, when it encounters continuous rainy weather, it should be drained in time, and its roots must not be allowed to accumulate water. Peonies do not tolerate high temperatures, so timely cooling measures should be taken when it is hot in summer. It is best to build a pergola to provide shade. Cover it with grass curtains or reeds before noon and remove it in the evening. This measure, done in time, can prevent defoliation. If it is allowed to suffer from heat and defoliation, it will seriously affect the flowering in the future. Peony is suitable for in-ground planting because of its long roots and large plants. If it is to be potted, it should be planted in large, permeable tiled pots with a depth of more than 30 centimeters. It is better to use tile pots with a depth of 60-70 centimeters. Peony flowers can be propagated by sowing, dividing and grafting. Shandong Heze, known as Caozhou in ancient times, has the largest peony planting base in China. Heze, known as Caozhou in ancient times, has been known as a "majestic county" and "a metropolis" of peony[6]. The peony cultivation in Caozhou has a history of hundreds of years. In the Song Dynasty, peony cultivation was more common in Luoyang, and Ouyang Xiu wrote a poem: "The flowers of Luoyang are the most suitable for the land, and peony is especially strange in the world." Since the Ming Dynasty, the center of peony cultivation has been moved to Caozhou, now Heze, Shandong Province. Up to now, there are hundreds of varieties and thousands of mu of peony fields in Heze. Every year before and after the rainy season, peonies in Caozhou are spectacularly colorful as the steamy sunshine, which can be called the most spectacular peonies in China. Heze is the largest peony production base, scientific research base, export base and ornamental base in the world with the largest area and the most varieties. With a cultivated area of 50,000 mu, nine color families and more than 600 varieties, the peonies are marketed in more than 100 large and medium-sized cities, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, etc., and exported to more than 20 countries and regions, such as Japan, France and Canada. The Heze peony is so graceful and elegant, with bright color and strong fragrance, that it won 81 awards at the 99' Kunming World Horticultural Expo. Heze peony is also known as Caozhou peony in history. It is also known as Caozhou Peony for its large flowers, colorful, beautiful shape and strong fragrance. The Heze Peony is characterized by upright branches, luxuriant leaves and elegant flowers, and is regarded as the best ornamental peony. Heze Peony Blossoms[7] The scientific research of peony is fruitful. As early as in the First National Flower and Leather Expo, three scientific research achievements of Heze peony, including the selection and breeding of new varieties of peony, research on peony field flower-inducing technology, and new varieties of peony, won the National Science and Technology Progress Prize, which accounted for the first place in the nation in terms of the number of awards won by the scientific research of peony. on January 14, 1997, the scientific research achievements of Heze peony passed the state-level appraisal for the fourth time. On this occasion alone, seven scientific research achievements, including cultivation of new peony varieties, soilless cultivation of desk peony, screening of peony temperature and heat-resistant branches, application of Fenghuang Dan live seedling grafted ornamental peony in commercial production, research on peony bonsai, screening of peony cut flower varieties, selection of new peony varieties and so on, passed appraisal, which was the largest number of scientific research achievements on peony. Among them, five of them reached the domestic leading level, marking another breakthrough in Heze peony scientific research. Thus, it improved the ornamental value of peony, broadened the planting range and application range of peony, solved the problem of rapid breeding of precious varieties to a certain extent, opened up a new way for peony to enter into thousands of households, and created the conditions for convergence with the international floriculture industry. It was praised by Vice Chairman Chen Muhua. Heze peony has also been awarded prizes in major flower shows at home and abroad, and has gained great reputation at home and abroad. In the first, second, third and fourth National Flower and Plant Expositions, Heze peony won gold, silver and bronze awards, scientific and technological progress awards, and 26 high-quality exhibits; in the three Hong Kong International Flower Expositions, Heze peony caused a sensation, winning one champion award and three first prizes; in the International Flower and Plant Exposition of the City of Bordeaux, France, and the International Invention Exposition of the United States of America in Pittsburgh, Heze peony won the Silver Prize for the total score of the competition and the Silver Prize for the peony and paeoniae dried flowers, respectively. Silver Prize. In the Fourth Flower Expo, Heze peony was the only one that won the only "Special Prize for Attractions" and six individual prizes in one go. Especially in the Peony [8] China 99' Kunming World Horticultural Expo, Heze Peony pressed the herd and won the top prize in one go, ****won 81 out of 119 peony individual prizes, accounting for 68% of the total number of peony prizes. Among them, three grand prizes were won by Heze "Caozhou Peony Garden" and "Qiaozi Red" peonies; 12 gold prizes were won by Heze peonies "Black Flower Kui" and "Caozhou Red" peonies. Caozhou Red" and "Caozhou Red" won 10 gold medals; for 36 silver medals, Heze peony "Hu Hong" and "Lantian Yu" won 26 medals; for 60 bronze medals, Heze peony "Flower Er Qiao" and "Yellow Peony" won 1 medal each. The 60 bronze prizes were awarded to Heze peony "Flower Two Qiao" and "Yellow Flower Kui", etc. 43 prizes were awarded to them. The expert judges unanimously commented, "Heze peony has big flowers, complicated color and full bloom, which is worthy of being a national color." At present, 1,156 varieties of Heze peonies in nine major flower colors, such as black, red and yellow, have obtained the registration certification of the mark of origin by the AQSIQ. 2. Luoyang, Henan Province, peony is one of the earlier ornamental flowers in China. From the very beginning of the peony cultivation and evolution process, the peony has formed an inseparable relationship with Luoyang. Peony in Luoyang began in Sui, flourished in Tang, and became "the best in the world" in Song, with a history of more than 1,500 years. In this long historical process, the imperial peony of Luoyang is not only famous for its grace, nobility, and national colors, but also for its love of creation, and the world's king's presence, but also for leading the group of peonies. Luoyang has also become a sacred place of peony in people's mind. China is the hometown of peony, and Luoyang is one of the birthplaces of Chinese peony. The peony of Luoyang is famous for its large and colorful flowers and its richness and dignity. It began in Jin, flourished in Sui, flourished in Tang and flourished in Song. Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, Luoyang peony has been introduced and cultivated in Tianpeng of Sichuan Province, Yancheng of Jiangsu Province, Hangzhou of Zhejiang Province, Huchuan of Anhui Province, Caozhou of Shandong Province, Shaoguan of Guangdong Province, etc. Nowadays, the peony has been spread all over the Great Wall, both inside and outside the Great Wall and all over the country. The Luoyang peony has been dissolved into the sea of Chinese peonies, and its fragrance has spread overseas. In 724 AD, Chinese peony was introduced to Japan; it was introduced to France from 1330 to 1850 AD; it was introduced to Holland in 1656 AD; it was introduced to Britain in 1789 AD, and more than 100 varieties were cultivated; and it was introduced to the United States from 1826 to 1830 AD. "Who is the master of Shaohua in spring? It is the imperial peony that is the leader of all scents. The Luoyang peony enjoys a high position in the international horticultural and cultural circles with its long history of cultivation and numerous varieties, grand scale of production, rich wild resources, excellent cultivation skills, improving scientific theory system and peony culture with profound connotation. 3. Purple-spotted peony in Gansu 4. Bozhou in Anhui 5. Tongling in Anhui 6. Baxiang in Hebei has a thousand-year-old peony. 7. Hanzhong, Shaanxi, has a peony garden. 8. Chaohu, Anhui, has a thousand-year-old peony on Yinping Mountain. 9. Pengzhou, Sichuan Province, Dajing Mountain in Pengzhou City is the birthplace of Tianpeng peony in China. Since the reform and opening up, peony has been designated as the city flower of Pengzhou City, and the Tianpeng peony has been rapidly restored and developed, and Dajing Mountain has been used as the base for the development of traditional famous flowers and the construction of scenic areas characterized by peony viewing, which is called "Flower Mountain in Western China". From early April to late May every year, peonies of various colors open up in the mountains and down the hills, making people stunning. 10、Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, there is a peony garden located in the peony garden of Aguquan, which is located in Zhanshan Mountain, Shijing Town, Tuxian County, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. 11. Dianjiang, Chongqing, the hometown of landscape peony, the source of Chinese peony 12. Zhangji, Hefei, Anhui Province, has two peonies, one white and one red, which are more than 160 years old. Morphological features The root system is fleshy and strong, with few branches and fibrous roots. The root system is fleshy and strong, with few branches and fibrous roots. The height of the plant is 1-3m, up to 2m, the old stems are gray-brown, and the branches of the current year are yellow-brown. Leaves are bipinnate, alternate. Flowers are solitary at the top of the stem, 10-30cm in diameter, white, yellow, pink, red, purple and compound colors, with single, compound, double and tabular flowers. The calyx has 5 pieces. There are many ways to distinguish peonies. According to plant type, they can be divided into upright, spreading type and semi-open type; according to bud type, they can be divided into round bud type, narrow bud type, hawksbill type and open-mouthed type; according to branching habit, they can be divided into single-branched type and clumped branch type; according to flower color, they can be divided into white, ****, pink, red, purple, ink purple (black), snowy green (powder blue), green and compound color; according to the blooming period, they can be divided into early-flowering type, mid-flowering type, late-flowering type and autumn/winter type (some varieties have). (some varieties have the habit of secondary blooming, after blooming in spring, they can bloom naturally again in fall and winter, which is called the fall-winter type); according to the flower type, they can be divided into four levels, namely, the department, the class, and the group type. The four departments are peony, purple-spotted peony, yellow peony and purple peony; the two classes are single-flowered and pedestal-flowered; the two groups are thousand-layered and floor group; and the following groups are divided into a number of types according to the shapes of the flowers, such as single-petal type, lotus type, Togui type, crown type, etc. The peony is a perennial deciduous leafy peony. Peony is a slow-growing perennial deciduous small shrub with a small plant size and a plant height of 0.5 to 2 meters; the roots are fleshy, thick and long, with a lignified center, and the length is generally 0.5 to 0.8 meters, and a very few roots can reach a length of 2 meters; the color and luster of the root skin and root flesh vary according to the varieties; the branches and trunks are erect and brittle, rounded, and are clustered with a number of branches from the root stem to become shrubby, and the current year's branches are smooth, herbaceous, and yellowish-brown, and they are often split and peel off; leaves are alternate, and leaves are alternate, and the leaves are rounded, and the branches are clustered with several branches from the root stem to become shrubby. Peeling; leaves alternate, the leaf blade is usually two times three out of compound leaves, the upper part of the branch is often simple leaves, leaflets have lance, ovoid, elliptic and other shapes, the terminal leaflets are often 2~3-lobed, the upper part of the leaf is dark green or yellowish green, the lower part of the leaf is gray-green, smooth or hairy; the total petiole length is 8~20 cm, the surface has grooves; the flower is solitary in the current year at the top of the branch, bisexual, the flower is big and colorful, the shape of the beautiful and colorful, the diameter of the flower is 10-30 cm; the flower color is white, yellow, pink, red, the flower color is white, yellow, pink, red, the flower color is white, yellow, yellow, pink, red. There are white, yellow, pink, red, red, purple, purple, ink purple (black), snow blue (powder blue), green, compound color ten big colors; androgynophore often have petal phenomenon, the natural increase in the petals and male and pistil petal the degree of varieties, cultivation and environmental conditions, the growth of years and so on; normal flowers of the majority of the stamens, strong seed-bearing, seed maturity is also high, the serious gynoecium petal flowers, seed less and not real or no seed, complete flowers androgynophore isolated, the carpels are generally 5, fewer, androgynophores, the seed maturation is also high, androgynophores petal serious flowers, seed less but not real or no seed, complete flowers androgynophores free. The carpels are generally 5, rarely 8, each with a locule of vase-shaped ovary, marginal placentation, most ovules, and the bony fruit is pentagonal, each fruit corner bears 7 to 13 seeds, and the seeds are orbicular, ****-yellow at maturity, and become black-brown at old age, and the diameter of the mature seeds is 0.6-0.9 cm, and the weight of a thousand grains is about 400 g. The peony is a wild variety of the domestic species, and it has a high maturity, and it has a high seed-setting power. After the peony has been changed from wild to domestic species, due to the changes in environmental conditions and the continuous selection and cultivation by man, in addition to the variations in flower color, flower type, and early and late flowering period, it has also undergone variations in the form of plants, the length and thickness of roots, and the color and shape of leaves, etc. The peony is also known as the "peony of the world", which is a species of the world. /view/34906.htm There are many more behind