Agricultural common sense

1. What are the farming customs in China?

For China with a large population, food production has always been valued by all regions and nationalities.

Although the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the main pastoral area in China, agriculture still occupies an important position here. When it comes to * * *, people will first think of snow, cold and lack of oxygen.

I don't know if there are any fields suitable for farming and all kinds of agricultural products. Wheat and all kinds of beans can be seen in the farmland in Shannan area; In Bomi, Linzhi and other places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, large areas of winter wheat are growing; In Chayu and Medog areas in southeastern Tibet, rice fields are miraculously spread out; * * * and Changdu, etc. In chapter 5, the lack of vegetables planted: more than 40 kinds of crops in the season; Shigatse, located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, is the main rapeseed producing area of * * * *; * * * Cotton, corn, apples and walnuts can also be seen in many places.

However, * * * around the most planted, but also a few highland barley. This crop is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, and it is suitable for growing in the environment of * * *, so it has always been a traditional grain variety here.

Highland barley can be found almost everywhere in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley, where farming is mainly concentrated, and in the valley area of Sanjiang Valley in the east. The history of planting highland barley here is by no means short.

According to archaeological research, agriculture appeared 4000 years ago. Many experts believe that * * * is one of the important producing areas of highland barley, which is actually a common barley in the mainland.

The wild barley and semi-wild wheat discovered in Changdu area in 1970s provided strong evidence for this theory. According to scientific research, there are only five kinds of crops belonging to dwarf gene varieties in the world, two of which are from * * *.

Therefore, the hometown of barley in China is on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is a great contribution of Tibetan compatriots to the agricultural development of China and the world! In the long-term production practice, Tibetans have gradually accumulated various plateau planting experiences. They will carry out multiple cropping, crop rotation, fallow or planting, plant peas or fenugreek (snow sand) to improve soil fertility, and use weeds and grass blanks in the field to smoke fertilizer is also a method they often use. The special farming method invented by Tibetan ancestors a long time ago-coupled farming (commonly known as "two cows wrangling") is even more amazing.

The traditional plows used by Tibetan people are generally wooden plowshares, and occasionally there are reading links with the disappearing ancient civilization of China >:>& gt Chapter V of Ancient Folklore: Production Festival 17 1 Tibetan farmers will also hold a "fruit-watching" festival to celebrate the bumper harvest. Barley is harvested and transported to the threshing floor. After being stacked or hung overhead to dry, some of them were whipped with flail, and some drove yaks back and forth on the threshing floor.

It turned out that they were beating highland barley, and when they were raising the land, each of them took two small wooden plates and scattered highland barley grains into the air in the wind, and the fragments were blown away by the wind. Because this method is time-consuming and laborious, it is often not until early winter to finish the work in the field.

It can be seen that this planting method of highland barley in * * * region has strong characteristics of national production customs, but its level and efficiency are obviously relatively backward compared with those in the mainland. Therefore, with the introduction of various more advanced farming methods and machinery, these modes of production are gradually becoming history.

Compared with Tibetan farming, the traditional farming tools used by the Menba and Barrow ethnic groups in Medog, Menjiao, Luo Yu and other areas in southern Tibet Valley are simpler, and there are obvious "slash and burn" relics. They use iron machetes, long knives and axes when digging, wooden plows when plowing, wooden harrows when accumulating fertilizer, wooden sticks when sowing, wooden hoes when weeding, bamboo scrapers when loosening soil, wooden shovels when digging and long knives when harvesting.

Due to the low agricultural output, in order to supplement the shortage of food, there is a fruit festival ceremony at Sanye Temple in Zhanang County, Shannan Province. Menba people who work in the forest in Linzhi area often go to the forest for various party activities. This activity is generally undertaken by women and children, who pick wild fruits as food and exchange herbs, making irreplaceable contributions to their lives.

However, since the peaceful liberation of * * *, agriculture here has changed. Not only iron farm tools are widely used, but also tractors, seeders, pumps, Yang Changji and steam trucks can be seen everywhere, forming a situation in which traditional manual labor coexists with mechanization and semi-mechanization. The construction of farmland water conservancy has also developed by leaps and bounds compared with the past, so that most of the cultivated land has been irrigated, and the situation of "relying on the sky to eat" and the original way of grain collection have passed.

2. Is there any way to understand agricultural common sense?

Agriculture is just one of many industries. As long as it is an industry, it involves two points: technology; Property rights.

Let's talk about agricultural science and technology first. Does agriculture still need technology? Yes, agriculture really needs technology.

Primitive agriculture depends on weather, while modern agriculture depends on science and technology. If agriculture is the upstream of grain, then fertilizers, pesticides and seeds are the upstream of agriculture.

Fertilizers, pesticides and seeds are all technologies. If you doubt this sentence, please ask yourself: Why does rape need boron fertilizer? Why BT pesticides can kill insects but are harmless to human body? What is the scientific principle and realization of transgenic seeds? Don't entangle these three questions, and continue to look at the following.

As long as it involves science and technology, it involves labor costs. Technology is just some form of information, and the people who carry this information are talents.

There is no difference between manufacturing talents and manufacturing other products, and they all require costs. There are a large number of farmers in our country, so it takes a lot of education costs to improve farmers' agricultural science and technology level.

Even a little higher, China can't afford the cost. On this point of agricultural science and technology, the solution is: either find ways to reduce costs or increase investment regardless of costs.

The choice of cost performance is to reduce costs. There are several ways to reduce the number of people who need to be educated (large-scale farming), or adopt a semi-propaganda+semi-compulsory way without reducing the number of people who need to be educated (refer to the promotion process of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers after the founding of the People's Republic of China), or promote the technology through field demonstration instead of telling farmers why to do so (such as the current soil testing and formula fertilization).

3. What were the farming systems in ancient China?

Land system: 1 land public ownership (primitive society) 2 Shang and Zhou Jing Tian system (semi-public and semi-private, land nominally belongs to the state, but in essence belongs to the nobility) 3 private ownership of land (including private ownership of monarch land and private ownership of landlords and farmers) Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the basic characteristics of agricultural economy: 1 mainly planting, supplemented by animal husbandry; 2 Farming cattle and continuous improvement.

With the progress of production tools and farming technology, the emergence of private land should give birth to the owner's economy, which manages agriculture with the family as the unit, combines cottage industry, and cultivates men and weaves women. The shift of economic center of gravity to the south highlights the imbalance of economic development and the complementarity of demand, which is all that I have sorted out according to what I have learned and hope to adopt.

4. What culture is "farming culture"?

Gongliu culture is a kind of farming culture, a comprehensive cultural phenomenon created by sages and gradually improved by later generations, which has had a great impact on people's daily life.

In view of the historical achievements of Gongliu, it is called Gongliu culture, which means to respect and cherish the memory of the sages. When it comes to Gong Liu, we have to start from history.

According to historical records, Gong Liu and Hou Ji's great-grandson also. Hou Ji was the ancestor of ancient farming in China. When he was young, he had the ambition of planting, and when he was young, he planted hemp and wheat.

As an adult, he became a good farmer, and Emperor Yao regarded him as an agricultural teacher, thus establishing his position as the ancestor of ancient farming. Hou Ji's contribution to Chinese traditional agriculture is unparalleled, and his name shines brightly in history.

Gong Liu is committed to the dissemination and promotion of farming culture, and his achievements and influence are second only to his great-grandfather. There is Gong Liu in the Book of Songs "Scholars", saying that he is generous, kind, courteous and courteous. In Xirong, he didn't dare to be prepared for danger in times of peace, didn't care about arrogance and extravagance, ruled his own territory, really managed his own granary, and wanted to recruit his own people and show his country.

Gong Liu, as the leader of Zhou clan, first lived in Xirong area. After Gong Liu led his people to move to the capital, Xiangtu lived a simple life, wearing simple clothes and living a simple life. He worked hard and tirelessly, often going up and down the mountain plateau to buy land for the migrating people.

Work together to cultivate land in Qi Xin, and the income will be divided by city. Its military tax, its tax law, can show its talent in farming. The result of development is that the national strength is getting stronger and stronger, the territory is expanding and the influence is getting wider and wider.

Reclaim land and cultivate farmland, the people are getting richer and the land is getting wider and wider. After Gongliu settled in Ruiqi, he devoted himself to developing agriculture, teaching crops and learning from Sang Ma's water diversion irrigation, especially Gongliu, which was of great significance, indicating that people at that time had realized the important role of water conservancy in agriculture and promoted it in practice.

People worship Gong Liu to the extreme. Gong Liu swam over Rui, and the residents greeted him with pots. After Gong Liu's death, people built a temple in Ruigu to admire his appearance, show his merits and spread his virtues. Gong Liu's historic contribution will remain in people's memory forever.

As a cultural brand, Gongliu culture has many elements. As the originator of ancient farming culture, Gong Liu created farming culture, which promoted the development of Zhou family and even the Chinese nation from the material and spiritual levels.

People solved the problem of eating and dressing by making labor tools and reclaiming land to grow grain, and met the minimum material needs of people's survival. Moreover, with the enrichment of material wealth, Gong Liu made people's hearts harmonious and Zhou people flourished, "speak in time, speak in time".

People's mental outlook has also changed, and the sound of laughter and laughter is often high, just like the Qingming Festival. It can be said that the Zhou nationality at this time is a tribe with coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization.

It embodies the idea of agriculture-oriented, the spirit of innovation and change in the process of survival, and the gradually formed morality and values, which is undoubtedly of great significance to promoting historical development. With the progress of the times, this cultural tradition initiated by Gong Liu has been further developed.

People gradually improve farming methods, invent labor tools, reduce labor intensity, gradually master the laws of nature, promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, and sum up a set of experience in agricultural production, such as seasons, solar terms, agricultural proverbs and many other knowledge closely related to agricultural production. These can be regarded as the inheritance and development of farming culture.

Not only that, in the long-term process of survival and reproduction, people also pay attention to the cultivation of good habits and character. The simple quality of ancestors, the spirit of hard work and dedication, and the foundation of honesty and trustworthiness have been passed down from generation to generation, which not only greatly enriched the connotation of Gongliu culture, but also influenced the simple style, trustworthy character and generous character of Gongliu people from generation to generation.