What are the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival in Nanjing?

Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, also known as Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival, May Festival, May Festival, Ai Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Noon Festival, Noon Festival and Summer Festival. It was originally a festival to drive away the plague in summer. Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of Han nationality in China. The essential activities of this day gradually evolved into eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus, wormwood and wormwood leaves, smoking Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating zongzi and dragon boat racing is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus, wormwood leaves, smoked atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, drinking realgar wine is said to ward off evil spirits. "China Dragon Boat Festival" is one of the national legal holidays and is listed in the world intangible cultural heritage list. A large number of literary works such as poems, words, songs and fu have been handed down from generation to generation. The origin of the name "Duan" means "early", so "Dragon Boat Festival" is the "fifth day". According to the calendar, May is the "noon" month, so the "Dragon Boat Festival" has gradually evolved into the current "Dragon Boat Festival". The Chronicle of Yanjing records: "The fifth day of May is the fifth day of May, and the transliteration of the word is also covered." According to statistics, the name of the Dragon Boat Festival is the most in all traditional festivals in China, reaching more than 20, which is the nickname of the festival. For example, there are Dragon Boat Festival, Duanyang Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Noon Festival, Summer Festival, May Festival, Long Festival, Pujie Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Bathing Orchid Festival, Quyuan Festival, Bathing Orchid Festival, Noon Day, Daughter's Day, Dila Festival, Poet's Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Noon Day, Lantern Festival and Five Eggs Festival. In memory of Qu Yuan's festival! Duanyang Festival is recorded in Chronicle of Jingchu Age. Because the mountain climbs in midsummer and the sun is in the sky, May is midsummer, and its first afternoon is a fine day, so May 5th is called Duanyang Festival. Mid-Autumn Festival belongs to the branch of 12, and the fifth month of the lunar calendar is noon, which is homophonic with May and Friday, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Mid-Autumn Festival or May Festival, and in some places it is also called May Festival. The ancients thought that the sun was more important than people on May 5th, so it was called "Mid-Autumn Festival". Dragon Boat Festival is in midsummer, and it is a season with frequent skin diseases. The ancients bathed and decontaminated with Cao Lan soup. The Great Dai Li in the Han Dynasty said, "Wash blue soup in the afternoon". When the ancients ate zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival, there was a competition to compare the length of each person's leaves, and the elders won, so it was also called "Xiezong Festival". Daughter's Day gang "Ten Thousand Miscellanies": "May Daughter's Day is a Dragon Boat Festival rope, wearing a five-poison spell. Ten thousand customs are decorated with little girls from the first day of May to the fifth day of May, and we do our best. Married women also have their own motherhood. Because it's called Daughter's Day. " Duanli is an ancient custom in southern Hunan. On the fifth day of May when summer comes, mugwort leaves are hung on the door and bathed to repel mosquitoes. It is believed that malaria can be driven away after baptism, and this mosquito breeding summer can be safely spent. The ancients thought that "heavy noon" was a taboo day, when the five poisons were exhausted. Therefore, the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ward off evil spirits and avoid poison, such as hanging calamus and mugwort leaves on the door, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called "Acorus Festival". Customs of Nanjing Dragon Boat Festival: Hang "Ai Hu" in the morning to bask in the sun and burn garlic, and hang "Ai Hu" at noon to bask in the sun and burn garlic. Xu, a professor of history at NTU, reminded me that the Dragon Boat Festival in old Nanjing has activities from morning till night. Don't make mistakes. Can I just eat zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival? Wrong, old Nanjing is going to eat eggs cooked in zongzi pot again. It is said that this way of eating is called "coping", which can avoid sores all summer; The old rules pay attention to wearing a "tiger belly pocket" for babies, which can prevent all kinds of animals and poisonous insects; At noon, there will be a "Sun Dragon Boat Festival" ... Yesterday, Xu, executive director of the Chinese Folklore Society and professor of history at Nanjing University, gave a detailed account of the folklore of the Dragon Boat Festival in old Nanjing with great interest. Interestingly, the custom of Dragon Boat Festival runs through the daily life of old Nanjing and is carried out in different periods, so there is nothing wrong with it. At dawn, insert wormwood to exorcise evil spirits and hang a "Pu Jian" to slay evil spirits. At the dawn of the Dragon Boat Festival, two wormwood and two cattails should be inserted into the doors and windows of every household. Wormwood can ward off evil spirits, and "Pujian" is "the sword to cut off evil spirits". Legend has it that in the Tang Dynasty, Wei Zhi cut a dragon with a grass pu sword in his dream. From then on, all kinds of plagues, evil spirits, monsters and ghosts were afraid when they saw Pu Pu. In addition, every household should hang a portrait of Zhong Kui on the roof of the first house (usually on the second truss) to ward off evil spirits. Hang "Ai Hu" and "Ai Hu" on the door in the morning. Old Nanjing people should hang "Ai Hu" on their doors, especially on the doors of newborns. It is to stick two empty eggshells together, stick some hairs on the eggshells, draw them into the shape of a tiger, tie them with thread, and tie a string of "five poisons" cut with colored paper below, symbolizing that the five poisons step on the tiger's feet; Or tie a single garlic with colored thread, and hang a string of "five poisons" under it, which is called "garlic Ai Hu"; Or weave the newly harvested new wheat straw into a hexagonal melon shape used by ancient warriors, and hang down seven colorful spikes, which is called "Ai Hu of Wheat Straw". These Ai Hu hanging on the door are not only holiday decorations, but also can ward off evil spirits. Draw symbols on the door. Draw some ghost symbols with red pen and yellow paper and stick them on the door. There are many kinds of ghost symbols, such as: draw a "Zi" (Yin Ji) on yellow paper with a red pen. Legend has it that when people die, they become ghosts, and when ghosts die, people are afraid of death. If you put this symbol on the top of the lintel, ghosts will not dare to enter the house to hurt people. Some pictures of "houses in Wuli Town" are posted right above the lintel. When monsters see this symbol, they will be struck by lightning five times. The legend of the baby "tiger belly pocket" is really poisonous. The color printing tiger ran away as soon as it stepped on the five poisons. Therefore, wearing a tiger belly pocket for children in summer can protect children from all kinds of animals and poisonous insects. It is also essential to hang a sachet for children. It is made of various shapes of cloth, such as pepper, eggplant, gourd, water chestnut, persimmon, little girl in cloth, etc. It is filled with herbs and tied under the sachet with colored thread, which is collectively called "sachet". Hanging sachets on children's chests during the Dragon Boat Festival can ward off evil spirits and drive away miasma. It is also very useful to wrap a salted duck egg with garlic in a colored rope net bag and sew it on the child's shoulder coat to ward off evil spirits and hide evil people. Burning garlic during the Dragon Boat Festival at noon People who are weak and sick during the Dragon Boat Festival should get some sunshine. It is said that they can bask in the sun to ward off evil spirits and get better. Duck eggs and goose eggs can't be eaten alone in the sun, but also "boiled eggs with zongzi". You must cook eggs in the pot where zongzi is cooked, and if possible, cook some duck eggs and goose eggs. After eating sweet zongzi dipped in sugar, you should eat boiled eggs dipped in salt. It is said that eating boiled eggs in zongzi pot at the end of May will prevent sores in summer. Put the duck eggs and goose eggs cooked in the zongzi pot in the midday sun for a while before eating, and you won't have a headache all summer. Garlic is cooked at noon on the Dragon Boat Festival in May. Every household should put the whole garlic in a pot and cook it for their children. A child can eat one alone, but not share it. Garlic is best cooked in one head (the whole head is not divided), because "independence" is homophonic and "poison". The child ate burnt garlic, so he didn't have diarrhea in summer and there were no bugs in his stomach. Every family must eat amaranth. It is said that abdominal pain can be avoided in summer. After drinking realgar wine in the evening and watching the dragon boat race, the whole family drinks realgar wine together, mixes realgar deposited at the bottom of the cup into paste and spreads it on the child's nostrils, ears and anus. Legend has it that insects are afraid of realgar, and children wear realgar, so poisonous insects will not get into their bodies in summer. Drinking realgar wine is the climax of Dragon Boat Festival. On this day, whitebait, leek and water bamboo are also used to fry black food in the pot, which is called "frying five poisons"; Or stir-fry soybeans with realgar, called "male soybeans", in order to eliminate pests and prevent diseases. The last program to watch the dragon boat race is to row the dragon boat. After dinner, the family went to the Confucius Temple Qinhuai River to watch the dragon boat race.