What is the lotus culture?

Comprehensive study, writing and oral communication: the charm of lotus culture

I. Activity objectives

1. Learn some scientific knowledge about lotus;

2. Read and recite poems about lotus, and cultivate students' initial understanding and appreciation of lotus literature;

3. Cultivate students' oral communication skills and written expression skills, discuss the same topic and express opinions in a targeted manner.

Second, the preparation of teachers.

1. Prepare activity records, which should reflect the items, contents and methods of students' participation in activities, as well as the results and achievements of related activities, as an important basis for evaluation;

2. The whole class can be divided into several activity groups to carry out "group cooperative learning" and study several activity themes provided in the textbook;

3. Arrange in advance for students to consult relevant materials around the research topic.

Three. Activity guidance

This comprehensive study has four contents, and each activity has its own task and purpose.

There are five small problems in the textbook "Scientific Exploration of Lotus", and students can carry out activities in groups according to conditions. Then, on the basis of the activity, write an explanatory text to explain the characteristics of "Lotus" with scientific knowledge, instead of writing an article on sentiment or philosophy from the perspective of literature. Of course, the explanation language should also be vivid, concise and accurate. Use the scientific explanation of broken chain to make a demonstration.

When it comes to lotus, it is natural to mention lotus root. Holland belongs to Nymphaeaceae, a perennial herb planted in shallow ponds. Its stem was born in the mud and transformed into rhizome, that is, lotus root, also called lotus root. Lotus root grows horizontally in silt and absorbs nutrients by fibrous roots on the base stem. Lotus root has been people's favorite food since ancient times, because its meat is crisp and tender, slightly sweet, contains a lot of starch and is rich in nutrition.

When we break the lotus root, we can observe that countless long white lotus roots are connected between the broken lotus roots. Why is this happening?

It is necessary to observe the structure of lotus root. It turns out that the tissues needed for plants to grow and transport water and nutrients are called ducts and tracheids. These tissues extend in all directions in plants and are as unimpeded as blood vessels in animals in leaves, stems, flowers, fruits and other organs.

The inner wall of the plant vessel will be particularly thickened at a certain position, forming various textures, some are annular, some are trapezoidal and some are reticulate. The thickened part of the lotus root catheter wall is continuous spiral, which is called spiral catheter. When the lotus root breaks, the spiral part of the inner wall of the catheter is separated and becomes a spiral filament with a diameter of only 3 ~ 5 microns. These filaments are much like stretched springs and will not break within the elastic limit. Generally, it can be stretched to about 10 cm.

Lotus root silk not only exists in lotus root, but also exists in lotus stem and lotus leaf, but is thinner. If you pick a lotus stalk, try to break it into several pieces and lift it like a long string of small green lanterns. It is this filament that connects these little green lanterns. This kind of filament looks very similar. If you look at it under a microscope, you will find that it is actually composed of 3 ~ 8 thinner filaments, just like a cotton yarn is composed of countless cotton fibers.

The delicate lingering of lotus root silk has long attracted the attention of the ancients. There is a sentence in Qufu, a poem written by Meng Jiao in the Tang Dynasty: "My heart is in the lotus root, although it is broken, it is still connected". Later, people used the idiom "broken silk" to describe that although the relationship was broken, the relationship was still connected.

In the scientific exploration of lotus, we should pay attention to cultivating students' scientific spirit and attitude: seeking truth from facts, being rigorous and responsible; Let science speak with facts, don't take it for granted, and don't make subjective assumptions.

About "everyone comes to enjoy the lotus" This activity is carried out selectively according to the existing conditions of the school, and can be modified appropriately. For example, electronic audio-visual technology can be used to show the colorful beauty of lotus, and students can also show the lotus in their hearts with their own brushes. ...

There are three discussion questions in the textbook "The Victory of Lotus Culture Exploration".

When discussing the topic 1, we should pay attention to students' literary accumulation. To discuss this issue, as suggested in the textbook, "it is best to read more poems about lotus before discussing." Generally speaking, in literary works, lotus is endowed with the qualities of purity, nobility, exquisiteness, integrity, modesty and affection. Of course, in the discussion, we should talk about specific works and describe the lotus image in literary works. This can not only train students' oral expression ability, but also make listeners (classmates) carefully perceive the "beautiful quality" of lotus flowers, which is conducive to discussion, and can also take another aesthetic photo with classmates to obtain aesthetic enjoyment.

When discussing the second question, we should pay attention to cultivating students' contact and dialectical thinking methods. "Out of the mud but not stained" and "Black near the ink, black near the ink" are a pair of relative concepts, and holding different views on them can often show people's different understanding of things or life. Both make sense, allowing students to discuss.

The discussion of the third question mainly involves the understanding of Buddhism. The following statement is for reference.

According to research, the hometown of lotus is in tropical areas such as India, and Indians also regard it as the national flower. Because India is the birthplace of Buddhism, lotus is inextricably linked with Buddhism in India. Whether painting or shaping a Buddha statue, the Buddha seat must be a lotus seat. Why does the Buddha sit on the lotus? According to the Buddhist scriptures, Buddhism is mainly solemn and wonderful, while lotus flowers are soft and clean, big and fragrant, so "Lotus Table, Yan Jingxiang Miao can sit."

There is also a wonderful story of "Mrs. Lotus" in Buddhist scriptures. A deer gave birth to a beautiful woman, and the fairy raised her. Wherever she goes, the lotus will grow. This is the origin of the word "step by step lotus", which is now used to describe the glory of experience.

About "composing a lotus picking song" This may be more difficult for students in some places, because most students have no observation and experience in this field. You can choose to do it, or you can change it, such as changing it to other forms of writing exercises.

Oral communication and writing. Lotus is closely related to literature, art and cultural life. Students' oral expression ability can be improved by reciting, appreciating, commenting and explaining, and students' oral expression ability can be improved by writing essays and miscellaneous feelings. In short, students' oral communication and writing ability should be exercised and improved in lively and colorful activities.

Four. Activity suggestion

1. Before the activity, introduce and recommend some books, articles and materials about lotus culture to students, and you can get in touch with the library. It is best to ask the librarian to make a catalogue of relevant books for students to find and consult.

2. Where conditions permit, you can interview experts or folk culture researchers to further understand the connotation of lotus in our national traditional culture.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) activity evaluation

1. The content of this activity mainly involves data collection, reading comprehension, discussion and writing, so the evaluation is also aimed at these aspects. However, it should be noted that we should not only evaluate the answers or learning results, but also pay attention to the evaluation of students' behavior in the process of activities.

2. To guide students to strengthen learning, discussion and communication through evaluation, that is to say, students' positive attitude and behavior in the process of discussion and communication should be an important evaluation index. Encourage students to take the initiative to share their learning materials and achievements with their classmates, and encourage students to carry out more group cooperative learning.

3. Urge students to actively develop and utilize extracurricular learning resources through evaluation. This kind of learning activity needs to develop and utilize extracurricular learning resources. Whether students have the consciousness and ability to develop and utilize extracurricular learning resources is an important part of students' Chinese learning ability. Therefore, it is necessary to guide and strengthen students' extracurricular Chinese learning through evaluation, guide students to attach importance to and actively use extracurricular Chinese resources, and let students learn Chinese in life and social practice.

4. Teachers should not only guide students to evaluate each other and self-evaluate, but also make a comprehensive evaluation of this activity. It should be noted that this evaluation is not only to identify and screen grades, but more importantly, to advocate good and effective learning methods and habits.

Reference of intransitive verbs

1. List of Dutch names

(1) named after its appearance.

Lotus: Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica explains: "Lotus stems carry leaves and leaves carry flowers, hence the name." Hibiscus: Also known as Hibiscus. Erya explained: "Furong contains Pupu." Shuo Wen Jie Zi says, "It's not a lotus, it's a hibiscus." Li Shizhen also said that Lotus means "to dress up brilliantly", so it is no wonder that Sima Xiangru, a writer in the Han Dynasty, compared his wife Zhuo Wenjun to a lotus of water.

② Named for its growth habit.

Shuizhi, Huashui, Yunshui, Shuidan, Shui Mu and Zezhi: Because lotus is a perennial aquatic plant, the ancients classified it as an aquatic plant, and their names all began with the word "water". Cao Zhi, a litterateur in the Three Kingdoms period, compared the lotus flower to Ganoderma lucidum in water in his Fu on Furong.

③ Named after the holy and elegant temperament of lotus.

Junzihua, Ling Boxian, Shuigongxian, Yuhuan, etc. According to "A Dream in the North", Tang Chaoyuan lived in Wuzhong (now Suzhou) with Su Changyuan during the period (806-820), met a pink-faced girl from plain clothes and gave him a Yuhuan. Soon, he found that there was a blooming lotus in the pool of his yard, and there was the same Yuhuan in the stamen, but it was "broken" and later generations called it Yuhuan.

2. Alias of lotus root

Jade Festival: Lotus root is the underground stem of lotus, white as jade, with knots, hence the name.

Yu Linglong: Lotus root is as white as a wrist, hence the name.

Jade arm dragon: According to legend, Cui Yuanjia, a famous house in the late Tang Dynasty, is located in the south of Chang 'an, with a wedge pool inside. Dig out a giant lotus root from the pool, which looks like a dragon, hence the name Jade Arm Dragon, also known as Wedge Treasure.

3. Lotus seed alias

Jade pupa: Lotus seeds are as white as jade and look like insect pupa. In the poem "Lotus Seed" written by an anonymous person in ancient times, it said: "It is not the honey in the lotus nest that makes the jade pupa not a bee." Therefore, lotus seeds have another name of white jade pupa.

Lake orders: Lotus seeds are named after being born in the lake and shaped like eyes. Pi Rixiu's poem "Xia Jingchong": "The rooftop is rejuvenated for thousands of years, and the lake is full of flowers." Su Shi also mentioned in the poem "Recalling Jiangnan to Send Pure Ru": "The lake is also worth seeing, and the wooden slaves come."

4. Places of interest named after lotus.

① Mountains

Huangshan Lotus Peak: Located in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, it is named after the peak looks like a lotus.

Lotus Peak in Lushan Mountain: in the south of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province.

Huashan Lotus Peak: Located in huayin city, Shaanxi Province, it is the middle peak of Huashan Mountain.

Hengshan Lotus Peak: It is the peak of Hengshan Mountain in Hunan Province, which looks like a lotus flower, hence its name.

Wuyishan Lotus Peak: Located in Chong 'an, Fujian, there is a lotus cave.

Lotus peak: south of Qujiang, Guangxi.

Lianhua Mountain: Located in the east of Liancheng County, Fujian Province.

② Rivers, lakes and ponds

Lotus Sea: The old name of a lake in Wusu, Xinjiang. In summer, the white lotus in the lake blooms like the sea, hence the name.

Lotus Lake: According to Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there is a lake in the northwest corner of Tang Cheng, commonly known as Tang Chi, with lotus flowers full of water, which was a scenic spot at that time.

Ziliantang: "Dexing County Records" contains: There is Ziliantang under Maanshan, named after the opening of Ziliantang.

Ruilian Pool: According to the Records of Huazhou, there are Ruilian Pool behind Huazhou Prefecture and three branches in Jiajing Ji You (1525). Wuzi (1528) has seven lotus branches that open and close, so it is named Ruilian Pool.

Jinlianchi: According to the records of Yanshi County, there is a pool four miles southwest, which is five feet deep. In the Tang Dynasty, the Zen master asked for a friend, a prodigy Zhang, and seven golden lotus flowers bloomed in the pool, hence the name Jinlianchi.

Lotus Lake: According to Baoding County Records, there are lotus flowers in the west of the county, which are in full bloom in summer and can be heard in ten miles. During the tour, it is cool and refreshing.

Furong Pool: According to the records of Huzhou Prefecture, there is a pool in Baiping Prefecture in the east of the city, where there are many lotus flowers, hence the name Furong Pool.

Lotus Pond: According to the annals of Chongqing, there is a lotus pond in East Erli, Jiangjin County, which is about 30 miles wide. The lotus in the pond is red and white, vivid and lovely. " Fu Zhi of Yuanjiang said, "There is a big pool under Qinglong Mountain, which is more than 300 feet around. Every late summer and early summer, the pond is full of green, white, red and lotus, hence the name. "

③ Pavilions and pavilions

Lotus House: Located in the north of Jingci Temple. According to "West Lake Garden Pavilion", there are many monks in Minghong, which has become one of the eight scenic spots in Nanping.

Yu Lian Hall: According to the West Lake Monument, three years (1262) decided to appease Wei Keyu outside Qiantang Gate.

Ruilian Pavilion: According to the records of Shunqing Prefecture, there is a pavilion on the left side of Nanshifo Temple, which is located in the official's son of Lianzhou Prefecture. There is a pool of flowers and plants beside the pavilion. Colorful and fragrant for miles, hence the name Ruilian Pavilion. There are Gentleman Pavilion, Lotus Nest Pavilion, lianhua bridge, Lotus Village and Lotus Town Hall. In addition, the ancients often called the official residence of the minister a lotus pond.

5. A city with lotus as the "city flower"

Jinan City, Shandong Province: In the 1980s, after the lotus flower was hailed as the "city flower" of Jinan City, Daming Lake was even more vibrant: weeping willows and lotus flowers covered it, giving a vibrant scene.

Jining City, Shandong Province: Lotus planting in Jining City has a history of about 2000 years. Today, there are more than 60 new lotus varieties in Jining.

Xuchang City, Henan Province: In the 1980s, lotus was known as the "city flower" of Xuchang City, which promoted the prosperity and development of lotus culture.

Xiaogan City, Hubei Province: Since ancient times, Xiaogan City has been full of wild lotus flowers, especially the Lotus Lake in the west of the city. Today, Xiaogan City is a corner of the lotus pond. There are "Lotus Pier" and lotus pond by the lake in the city, and "Panbog Lotus Fragrance" has become one of the eight scenic spots in Xiaogan.

Honghu city, Hubei Province: honghu city, Hubei Province, which is famous for its Honghu Lake, has a water area of 758 square kilometers. Lotus flowers bloom everywhere and become a sea of lotus flowers. 1987, Honghu withdrew from the county and set up a city. 199 1 year, the municipal people's congress passed the decision to take lotus as the "city flower".

Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province: Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, which planted lotus flowers for nearly a thousand years, is most famous for the lotus flowers in Lihu Qixing Lake. Lotus has become one of the favorite flowers of Zhaoqing people.