What are the three bidding methods?

Question 1: What are the bidding methods? Article 10 of the Bidding Law stipulates that bidding is divided into open bidding and invitation bidding. Open tender means that the tenderer invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to bid by means of tender announcement. Invitation to bid means that a tenderer invites a specific legal person or other organization to bid in the form of an invitation to bid. Judging from the situation of countries all over the world, there are two main bidding methods: open bidding and invitation bidding. Public bidding refers to a bidding method in which a tenderer publishes a bidding announcement in a designated newspaper, electronic network or other media to attract many enterprises to participate in bidding competition, and the tenderer selects the winning bidder from it. Invited bidding, also known as selective bidding, means that the tenderer selects a certain number of legal persons or other organizations (generally not less than three) according to the supplier, contract credit and performance, and sends them an invitation to bid, inviting them to participate in bidding competition. The main difference of this method is that (1) publishes information in different ways. Public bidding is published in the form of announcement, and invitation to bid is published in the form of invitation to bid. (2) The range of choice is different. Because public bidding is in the form of tender announcement, it is open to all potential legal persons or other organizations interested in the bidding project, and the tenderer does not know the number of bidders in advance; Invitation to bid is aimed at known legal persons or other organizations, and the number of bidders is known in advance. (3) The scope of competition is different. Because public bidding makes all eligible legal persons or other organizations have the opportunity to participate in bidding, the scope of competition is wide, the competition is fully reflected, and the tenderer has the absolute right to choose, which is easy to obtain the best bidding effect; The number of bidders invited to tender is limited, the scope of competition is limited, and the tenderee has relatively small choice, which may increase or decrease the bid-winning contract price, increase the bid-winning contract price, or omit some suppliers or contractors that are more competitive in technology or quotation. (4) The degree of publicity is different. In public bidding, all activities must be carried out in strict accordance with the well-known civil litigation standards stipulated in advance, which greatly reduces the possibility of cheating; Comparatively speaking, bidding is more closed and there are more opportunities for illegal activities. (5) Time and cost are different. Because the invitation to bid is not published, only a few bidding documents are issued, which greatly shortens the whole bidding time and correspondingly reduces the bidding cost. Compared with the procedure of public bidding, it takes a long time and a lot of documents to prepare from the announcement, the bidder's response, the bid evaluation and the signing of the contract. It can be seen that the two bidding methods have their own advantages, and different conclusions will be drawn from different angles. In practice, the practices of countries or international organizations are not consistent. Some did not give tendentious opinions, but gave the discretion to the tenderee, and the tenderee took the form of openness or invitation independently according to the characteristics of the project, as long as it did not violate the law, it was as open, fair and just as possible. For example, the EU procurement directive stipulates that if the procurement amount reaches the legal tender limit, the procurement unit has the right to choose freely between open tender and invited tender. In fact, invitation to bid is widely used in EU countries. The World Trade Organization's * * * procurement agreement has also adopted an undecided attitude towards which of these two methods is better or worse. The World Bank procurement guide regards international competitive bidding (open bidding) as a way to fully realize the requirements of capital saving and efficiency, and requires borrowing as the most basic procurement method. Only when international competitive bidding is not the most economical and effective can other methods be adopted.

Question 2: There are several ways to invite tenders. What is the difference? Judging from the situation of countries all over the world, there are two main bidding methods: open bidding and invitation bidding. Public bidding refers to the bidding method in which the tenderer publishes a tender announcement in a designated newspaper, electronic network or other media to attract many bidders to participate in the bidding competition, and the tenderer selects the winning bidder from it. Invited bidding, also known as selective bidding, means that the tenderer selects a certain number of legal persons or other organizations (not less than three) according to the credit standing and performance of suppliers or contractors, and sends them invitations to bid and invite them to participate in bidding competition. The main difference between these two methods is that (1) publishes information in different ways. Public bidding is published in the form of announcement, and invitation to bid is published in the form of invitation to bid. (2) The range of choice is different. Because public bidding is in the form of tender announcement, it is open to all potential legal persons or other organizations interested in the bidding project, and the tenderer does not know the number of bidders in advance; Invitation to bid is aimed at known legal persons or other organizations, and the number of bidders is known in advance. (3) The scope of competition is different. Because public bidding makes all eligible legal persons or other organizations have the opportunity to participate in bidding, the scope of competition is wide, the competition is fully reflected, and the tenderer has the absolute right to choose, which is easy to obtain the best bidding effect; The number of bidders is limited, the scope of competition is limited, and the tenderee has relatively small choice, which may increase the contract price of the winning bidder, or may omit some suppliers or contractors that are more competitive in technology or quotation. (4) The degree of publicity is different. In public bidding, all activities must be carried out in strict accordance with pre-specified and well-known procedures and standards, which greatly reduces the possibility of cheating; Comparatively speaking, bidding is more closed and there are more opportunities for illegal activities. (5) Time and cost are different. Because the invitation to bid is not published, only a few bidding documents are issued, which greatly shortens the whole bidding time and correspondingly reduces the bidding cost. The procedure of public bidding is very complicated. There are a lot of time requirements from announcement, bidder's response, bid evaluation and contract signing, and many documents have to be prepared, which takes a long time and costs a lot.

Question 3: What are the bidding methods (1)? According to the openness of competition, bidding can be divided into open bidding and invitation bidding. 1) open tender. It belongs to unrestricted competitive bidding, which fully embodies the openness of bidding information, the standardization of bidding procedures and the fairness of bidding competition, and greatly reduces the possibility of unfair transactions such as collusive bidding and bid raising. It is the most suitable bidding method and common procurement method. 2) Invite public bidding. It belongs to limited competitive bidding, also known as selective bidding. Invited bidding is applicable to projects that cannot be publicly tendered due to reasons such as national security, state secrets, commercial secrets, tight construction period or supply cycle, and limited by natural geographical environment, or projects that are limited by technical complexity and special requirements of the project, and it is clearly known in advance that only a few specific potential bidders can respond to the bidding. Or the scale of the project subject to tender is small, and the bidding cost by open bidding accounts for a large proportion of the value of the project subject to tender. According to the source of the target, bidding can be divided into: domestic bidding, including domestic open bidding and domestic invitation bidding; International bidding includes international public bidding and international invitation bidding. The compilation of international bidding documents should follow the international trade norms and practices. (2) Bidding methods and means 1) Two-stage bidding. It is suitable for bidding projects with uncertain technical design scheme or technical requirements or technical standards and specifications that are difficult to describe and determine. The first stage of bidding is to select the technical design scheme from the bidding scheme and unify the technical standards, specifications and requirements; In the second stage, according to the unified design scheme or technical standards, organize the final bidding and bidding quotation of the project. 2) Bidding for framework agreement. It is suitable for the reuse of goods or services with the same specifications, models and technical standards, especially for projects subject to centralized and unified bidding under one tenderer. The tenderer forms a unified framework agreement for the procurement of goods or services through bidding. Generally, only the purchase unit price is agreed, not the quantity and total price of the target. Each procurement implementation unit signs and performs the procurement contract agreement with the winning bidder in batches according to the procurement framework agreement. 3) Electronic bidding. Compared with paper bidding, it will greatly improve the bidding efficiency, meet the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction, reduce the bidding cost, effectively implement the principle of "three publics", help break through the traditional bidding organization and management mode, promote the reform and improvement of bidding supervision mode, standardize bidding order and prevent corrupt transactions.

Question 4: What are the three ways of bidding? I am happy to answer for you:

First, competitive negotiation.

Second, comprehensive evaluation.

Third, bidding.

Question 5: What are the bidding methods? According to Article 10 of the Bidding Law, bidding can be divided into open bidding and invitation bidding. Open tender means that the tenderer invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to bid by means of tender announcement. Invitation to bid means that a tenderer invites a specific legal person or other organization to bid in the form of an invitation to bid. (1) Bidding Method 1) Open bidding, that is, the tenderee publishes the tender announcement in the designated newspapers, electronic networks and other media according to legal procedures, and exposes the requirements of the bidding project to the public, attracting many potential bidders to participate in bidding competition. The tenderer shall select the winning bidder from among them according to the procedures and methods specified in advance. 2) Invitation to bid, that is, the tenderer selects a certain number of legal persons or other organizations (not less than three) through market research and according to the credit and performance of contractors or suppliers, and sends them invitations to bid, inviting them to participate in bidding competition. The bidding method by which the tenderer selects the winning bidder according to the procedures and methods specified in advance. (II) Conditions and examination and approval provisions for inviting tenders According to Article 1 1 of the Law on Tendering and Bidding, if the national key projects determined by the development planning department of the State Council and the local key projects determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are not suitable for public bidding, they may invite tenders with the approval of the development planning department of the State Council or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. This provision shows that all key projects should be invited by public bidding, and if it is not suitable for public bidding, invited bidding can also be used after approval. 1) Bidding conditions. According to Article 8 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Bidding Law, projects that must be subject to tender according to law with state-owned funds as the holding or leading position shall be subject to public bidding; However, in any of the following circumstances, bidding can be invited: ① There are only a few potential bidders to choose from because of technical complexity, special requirements or natural environment restrictions; (2) The cost of public bidding accounts for a large proportion of the project contract amount. 2) Examination and approval of bidding. ① Engineering construction projects. According to Article 1 1 of the Bidding Law, the national key projects determined by the State Council Development and Reform Commission shall be examined and approved by the National Development and Reform Commission. Inviting tenders for local key projects determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be approved by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. In addition, according to the provisions of Article 7 of the Regulations on the Implementation of the Bidding Law, projects that need to go through the formalities of project examination and approval in accordance with relevant state regulations shall be submitted to the project examination and approval department for examination and approval by inviting tenders. The project examination and approval department shall promptly notify the relevant administrative supervision departments; Article 8 of the Regulations on the Implementation of the Bidding Law stipulates that whether a project subject to tender according to law, in which state-owned funds are in the controlling or leading position, meets the above two conditions for inviting tenders shall be determined by the project examination and approval department when examining and approving the project; Whether other projects meet the second condition of bidding, that is, the determination that the cost of public bidding accounts for a large proportion of the project contract amount, the tenderer shall apply to the relevant administrative supervision department. ② International bidding project for mechanical and electrical products. According to the Measures for the Implementation of International Bidding for Mechanical and Electrical Products, projects that adopt the invitation bidding method shall be filed with the Ministry of Commerce. (3) * * * procurement projects.

Question 6: * * * What are the bidding methods? There are only two bidding methods: open bidding and invitation bidding; Before 2000, there were bidding negotiations, which were cancelled after the introduction of the bidding law;

* * * In addition to the above bidding methods, there can also be non-bidding procurement methods. At present, there are four kinds: competitive negotiation, competitive negotiation, inquiry and single-source procurement.

Question 7: What are the types of international bidding methods? There are usually three international bidding methods:

1, international bidding. It is an auction method in which the tenderer invites bidders from several or even dozens of different countries to participate, and finally selects the most favorable bidder through the competition of many bidders. This bidding method is divided into open bidding and selective bidding.

2. Non-competitive bidding, that is, negotiation bidding, also known as negotiation bidding. That is, the shopkeeper finds several merchants to negotiate directly, and the transaction can be reached after the negotiation is successful.

3. Two-stage bidding. Generally, public bidding is the first step, and then selective bidding is adopted.

Question 8: What are the bidding methods? There are two ways of bidding: open bidding and invitation bidding.

1. Open tender. This means that the tenderer invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to bid by means of tender announcement, which is characterized by ensuring the sufficiency of their competition, which is embodied in the following aspects: (1) The tenderer invites bids by means of tender announcement; (2) The tender object is an unspecified legal person or other organization.

2. Invite bids. This means that a tenderer invites a specific legal person or other organization to bid in the form of an invitation to bid. It is characterized in that (1) the tenderee sends bid invitations to more than three specific legal persons or other organizations that have the ability to undertake bidding projects and have good credit standing; (2) The tender object is a specific legal person or other organization.

Compared with inviting tenders, the former is more conducive to full competition, so the law restricts the use of the latter. Article 1 1 of the Bidding Law stipulates that if the national key projects determined by the development planning department of the State Council and the local key projects determined by the provincial people * * * are not suitable for public bidding, they may be invited to bid with the approval of the development planning department of the State Council or the provincial people * * *.

Question 9: What are the bidding methods for construction projects? A: Bidding is generally divided into open bidding and invitation bidding. Therefore, the bidding method excludes the bidding method and strictly limits the bidding method. Open bidding means that the tenderer invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to bid by means of tender announcement, which is also called unlimited competitive bidding. Adopting this bidding method can provide equal competition opportunities for all qualified contractors, and the employer has more choice space, which is conducive to reducing the project cost, improving the project quality and shortening the construction period. However, bidding may lead to an increase in the workload of pre-qualification and bid evaluation of the tenderer and the increase in bidding cost; At the same time, it also reduces the probability of winning the bid, thus increasing the risk in the early stage of bidding. Invited bidding means that the tenderer invites a specific legal person or other organization to bid in the form of an invitation to bid, also known as limited bidding. Adopting this bidding method, because the number of bidders invited to participate in the competition is certain and generally few, it can not only save the bidding cost, but also improve the probability of winning the bid for each bidder, so it is beneficial to both bidding and tendering.