What are the characteristics of wu opera?

Wu opera is a typical multi-voiced theater, which is the general name of 6 major types of theater, such as Gaoqiang, Kunqiang, Chaoban, Hui opera, Tanlong, and Shidong. The actual meaning of wu opera is that the high cavity in its singing should be called as "wu opera high cavity" to distinguish the high cavity in other dramas; the Kun cavity should also be called as "wu opera Kun cavity" to distinguish Sukun and Beikun. The situation is the same for the rest of the several types of theater.

If we continue to categorize wu opera's several major voices in detail, wu opera's high voice can be divided into dongyang houyang high voice, jinhua xiwu high voice, quzhou xi'an high voice and songyang high voice; wu opera's kunqiang can be divided into jinhua kunqiang, lanxi kunqiang, quzhou kunqiang and dongyang kunqiang; wu opera's messy bomb can be divided into pujiang messy bomb, dongyang messy bomb, jinhua messy bomb, and zhuzhou messy bomb, etc.; wu opera's hui opera is a single kind of drama.

The repertoire, music and performance of each Hui class are basically the same; wu opera beach spring can be divided into jinhua beach spring, lanxi beach spring, quzhou beach spring, pujiang beach spring and dongyang beach spring; wu opera time tone is also a single type of drama, and most of the time tones sung by each class are as the same.

Wu opera is the result of the fusion of flower part and elegant part. It takes chaotic bomb as the main cavity and belongs to chaotic bomb cavity system. The formation of wu opera is divided into two stages, the first stage is the yiwu cavity, yiyang cavity, yuyao cavity in the south opera cavity formed or imported in the ming dynasty, in the qing dynasty, a big change occurs, and in the middle of the qing dynasty, the unification is called the high cavity.

During the Qing Dynasty, Kunqu formed Jinhua Kun Opera on the basis of folk professional Kunban. The combination of high-cavity and kunqu, and the appearance of the two combined classes marked the beginning of the embryonic gestation of wu opera.

The second stage was the introduction of chaotong, huixiang, tanyu and so on in the Qing Dynasty, and various forms of combinations were carried out between gaoqiang, kunqu and chaotong, huixiang, tanyu and shi tunes, and there appeared the operas which were called "three-hebangs" and "two-hebangs and a half-hebangs". The final form and birth of the final form of multi-voiced opera theater wu opera.

In the second stage of wu opera, the triad class was the class that customarily stipulated that it must be able to sing 18 books each of Gao, Kun and Chaos. Because of its flow center and also singing the high-cavity difference, it is divided into three kinds, one is Quzhou triad class, singing Xi'an high-cavity, the class society is mostly named by "Wenjin", such as the class master surnamed He, that is to say, He Wenjin class; the second is Jinhua triad class, singing Xi'an Wu high-cavity, the class society is mostly named by "Pinyu", taking its three-cavity name. The second is Jinhua Sanhe Ban, singing Xiwu High Cavity, the class society is named by "Pinyu", taking its three cavities as one, sounding like gold and jade; the third is Dongyang Sanhe Ban, singing Houyang High Cavity, more than "Ziyun" as the name of the class.

Later, Hui Opera was introduced to the Jinhua area, and some triad classes abandoned the high-cavity and sang Hui Opera at the same time, which led to the formation of the two-and-a-half class, which was evolved from the triad class. Because of the difficulty of learning the high cadence, and gradually became unpopular with the audience, some of them abandoned the high cadence and became the Kun chaotic class.

To the 1930s, the two and a half class and the prevalence of Huizhou opera and absorbed Huizhou opera, and to sing the main high-cavity, Kun and Huizhou cavity, still call themselves three classes, but the audience think that the Huizhou opera is not as old as the high-cavity, and the 18 can only be massed together, and the Huizhou opera of this type of class at that time was less than 18, and therefore was called the two and a half of the disparagement.

Later, in order to unify the name of wu opera, it was agreed that the people who also performed Kun, chaotic, Hui's class society, also called "two and a half class". In this period, some Hui class also sang messy bomb, so there was messy bomb class. Because many of the actors were from Pujiang County, they were also known as the "Pujiang Class", and they mainly focused on the play, but also performed Anhui opera.

Later, some Huiban absorbed the beach spring and time tune, known as "Huiban", also known as "Jinhua Ban", mainly to perform Huizhou opera, and also perform beach spring, time tune Xiaojiao and chaotic bomb play, this kind of class is the largest number of societies.

From 1862 to 1908, Jinhua wu opera class society amounted to more than 40. after 1935, wu opera began to have female actors, Jinhua and other places also successively ran the women's section of Hui class such as Minsheng, Culture, Minle, small culture. Each triad class and chaotic bomb class also cultivated a lot of outstanding actresses by taking in apprentices with the troupe and so on.

Early wu opera classes and societies mainly performed in the four townships bazaars and temple fairs, and only began to enter the city in the early 1930s, they took Jinhua Chenghuang Temple, Xihua Temple and so on as the performance venues, and then gradually began to perform in the theaters such as Changle, Beishan, Jincheng, and Mass.

At this time, the members of these amateur bans were mainly composed of farmers from villages and towns, and were called "Prince Classes". In the early days of their organization, they were mainly sitting and singing for their own amusement, but on the days when they met the gods, they would beat the gongs and drums as they traveled along the streets and sang from village to village. Later, they began to wear make-up and perform on stage.

After the founding of New China, Zhejiang Province established the Zhejiang Wu Opera Experimental Troupe by merging the Wu Opera Group of the Staying Provincial Literary Troupe with the Da Ronghe Ban, and set up a number of **** and classes in other places of Jinhua successively. The troupes jointly recruited more than 200 students and cultivated a group of talents. Based on the wu opera training class, the wu opera experimental troupe was officially renamed as "Zhejiang wu opera troupe", and the original location of the troupe in Hongchunqiao, Hangzhou was changed to Jinhua.

The establishment of Zhejiang Wu Opera Troupe marked a new historical stage of wu opera. The workers of the troupe started from searching for actors, excavating repertoire, innovating scripts and cultivating new talents to discover the wu opera, put it on a brand-new stage and made it ascend to the brilliant peak of China's theater.

Wu opera is a new name used only after the founding of the country, before this, this kind of drama in Zhejiang was called "so-and-so class", also collectively known as "Jinhua opera" or "Jinhua chaotic play class "

The East China Opera Reform Working Cadre Conference was held in Shanghai. Participants think, Jinhua original wuzhou, and Jinhua opera and originated in jiangxi wuyuan, qing dynasty period only into Jinhua, so, should follow the east China experimental yueyue troupes of naming, will be jinhua opera and chaotongbang class and so on the type of theater together called wu opera.

After the establishment of Zhejiang Provincial Wu Opera Troupe, in order to make the wu opera successor, the wu opera troupe recruited a large number of young actors such as Zheng Lanxiang and Wu Guangyu. After that, it founded the wu opera class of Zhejiang Opera School in Hangzhou, which recruited 45 actors and orchestra in the province, which was the first generation of wu opera middle school students in new China, and the graduates were assigned to various wu opera troupes in the whole province of Zhejiang.

The old actors also organized and processed a batch of excellent traditional repertoire, such as "The Golden Seal", "Sending Rice", "Sun Bin and Pang Juan", "Rice Bar Knocking on the Window", "Father and Son Meeting", "Splashing Water in front of the Horse", etc. to take part in the transferring performance.

Wu opera went to Beijing and performed "Princess Shuangyang", "Three Invitations to Pear Blossom", "Rice Bar Knocking on the Window", "Peony Pairing", "Monk and Nun Meeting", "Broken Bridge" and other dramas, which were highly evaluated by the experts of literature and art.

After the reform and opening up, the rural situation has changed radically, Zhejiang rural amateur wu opera troupe is also like springing up after the rain, appeared the vigorous new scene. Yongkang County Zhoushan Township wu opera troupe performed by Zhejiang drama writer Gu Xidong compiled "sister's edge" filmed into a comic strip issued in the country.

Yiwu Yiting District wu opera troupe went to the capital to perform the historical drama "Hai Rui Strikes Down the Officials", which was well received. A rural troupe went up to Beijing's theater stage, not only promoted the development of wu opera, but also won the honor for Zhejiang Province's theater career.

The new generation of wu opera creates new splendor. Zhejiang Province Wu Opera Troupe created plays such as "The Prequel of White Snake", "By Hejia Bridge", "Dream Broken Wu River", "The First House in Jiangnan", "Kunlun Woman", etc., which were performed in urban and rural areas of Jinhua, and made the wu opera become the most eye-catching scenery in Jinhua rural areas.