Advantages and disadvantages of mutation breeding

1, the advantages of mutation breeding: many types of mutation, short time, changing fertility; Broadening the mutation spectrum can improve the mutation rate. The general mutation rate is about 0. 1%, and the mutation rate is increased to 3%, which is 100 ~ 1000 times higher than that of natural mutation. It is more effective to improve individual single traits, but it is more difficult to improve multiple traits at the same time, such as maturity, lodging resistance, dwarfism and disease resistance. The induced variation is easy to be stable, and the variation induced by shortening the breeding years is mostly the change of a major gene, which is stable quickly and basically stable after 3 ~ 4 generations.

2. Disadvantages of mutation breeding: it is easy to cause harm to human body, and most chemical mutagens are toxic substances, so it is difficult to determine the mutation direction. The frequency of mutation producing beneficial mutants is low; It is difficult to effectively control the direction and nature of variation; In addition, the micro-mutation of quantitative traits is difficult to induce and identify.

Extended data:

Mutation breeding in China has also made great achievements. In the past few decades, the number of varieties bred by mutation is about 10% of the total number of varieties bred in the same period. For example, rice variety Yuanfengzao, wheat variety Fu 63, corn variety Luyuandan No.4, soybean variety Tiefeng 18, cotton variety Lumian 1 No. In addition, the micro-mutation of quantitative traits is difficult to induce and identify. Therefore, mutation breeding should be combined with other technologies to seek technical self-improvement.