Tea culture that tea artists need to know.

China tea ceremony is elegant and popular, and it is eclectic. On the one hand, highlight Taoism? Is self-indulgence suitable for you? At the same time, people with different status, beliefs and educational levels have different pursuits of tea ceremony.

Characteristics of tea culture

historical

The formation and development of tea culture has a very long history. Tea has always been used as a tribute to the king of Wu. In the late primitive commune, tea became a commodity exchange. During the Warring States period, tea had a certain scale. Tea was recorded in the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period.

In the Han dynasty, tea became Buddhism? Meditate? Children's special tonic. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was an atmosphere of drinking tea. During the Sui Dynasty, the whole people generally drank tea. In the Tang dynasty, the tea industry flourished and tea became? People can't live without a day? Teahouses, tea parties and tea parties seem to encourage guests to offer tea. Fighting tea, tribute tea and gift tea were popular in Song Dynasty.

In the Qing Dynasty, Quyi entered the teahouse and the foreign trade of tea developed. Tea culture was born with the emergence of commodity economy and the formation of urban culture. The tea culture in history pays attention to cultural ideology, elegance, poetry, painting and calligraphy, drinking tea, singing and dancing. In the process of its formation and development, tea culture has integrated the philosophical colors of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, evolved into the customs and habits of all ethnic groups, and became an integral part of excellent traditional culture and a unique cultural model.

The Times

The development of material civilization and spiritual civilization has injected new connotation and vitality into tea culture. In this new period, the connotation and expression of tea culture are constantly expanding, extending, innovating and developing. In the new era, tea culture has merged into the essence of modern science and technology, modern news media and market economy, which makes the value function of tea culture more obvious and further strengthens its role in modern society. The consciousness that the value of tea is the core of tea culture has been further established, and international exchanges have become increasingly frequent. In the new era, the forms of tea culture communication show the trend of scale, modernization, socialization and internationalization. Its connotation is expanding rapidly and its influence is expanding day by day, attracting worldwide attention.

nationality

All ethnic groups love to drink tea. The combination of tea and national cultural life has formed tea ceremony, tea ceremony, tea drinking custom and festive wedding with their own national characteristics. Tea art of all ethnic groups is formed by artistic processing and tempering on the basis of national tea drinking methods, which is more lively and cultural, showing the diversity and colorful life interest of tea drinking. Tibetan, Tujia, Wa, Lahu, Naxi, Kazak, Xibe, Bao 'an, Achang, Bulang, De 'ang, Jino, Salar, Bai, Kemi, Yugur and other tea cultures and festive weddings have also fully demonstrated the nationality of tea culture.

dialect

Famous teas, famous mountains, famous waters, celebrities and places of interest have given birth to local tea culture with their own characteristics. China has a vast territory, a wide variety of tea, different tea drinking customs, and differences in history, culture and life economy, which have formed a tea culture with local characteristics. In the big cities with economic and cultural centers, with its unique advantages and rich connotations, it has also formed a unique urban tea culture. Since 1994, Shanghai has held four consecutive international tea culture festivals, showing the characteristics and charm of urban tea culture.

internationalism

The ancient traditional tea culture in China combined the history, culture, economy and culture of various countries, and evolved into English tea culture, Japanese tea culture, Korean tea culture, Russian tea culture and Moroccan tea culture. In Britain, drinking tea has become a part of life, a kind of etiquette for the British to show their gentlemanly manners, an indispensable procedure in the life of the Queen of England, and a necessary ceremony in major social activities. Japanese tea ceremony originated in China. Japanese tea ceremony has a strong Japanese national flavor, forming a unique tea ceremony system, genre and etiquette. Koreans believe that tea culture is the root of Korean national culture, and May 24th every year is the National Tea Day. China tea culture is the cradle of tea culture in various countries. Tea people don't care about national boundaries, races or beliefs. Tea culture can unite tea people all over the world to discuss tea art, academic exchanges and economic and trade negotiations.

The Social Function of Tea Culture

The social functions of tea culture are mainly manifested in carrying forward traditional virtues, displaying culture and art, cultivating self-cultivation, cultivating sentiment, promoting national unity, demonstrating social progress and developing economy and trade. Traditional virtue is a beautiful morality accumulated for thousands of years and respected by people of all ages, and it is the embodiment of national spirit and social fashion. The traditions of tea culture mainly include loving the motherland, selfless dedication, perseverance, modesty and courtesy, thrift, mutual respect and mutual accommodation. Mr. Wu Juenong and Mr. Liu Xianhe from Hunan are both devoted to the tea industry. They are both patriots and outstanding representatives of contemporary tea people.

Lu Yu's Tea Classic is the crystallization of ancient tea people's diligent study, assiduous study, painstaking exploration and indomitable spirit. Treat guests with tea, and replace wine with tea. A cup of green tea is intoxicating? It is a true reflection that the Chinese nation cherishes the fruits of labor and thrives on saving risks. What is the social function of arranging tea culture with tea characters as the head? Take tea as the source, treat guests with tea, make friends with tea, be honest with people, educate people with tea, replace wine with tea, exercise with tea, enter poetry with tea, paint with tea, dance with tea, sing songs with tea, promote culture with tea, make tea a gift, promote agriculture with tea, promote trade with tea and get rich with tea. Tea is the pride of China, the self-esteem, self-confidence and pride of the nation. You can think of the source when you drink tea. Dr Joseph Needham, a world-famous historian of science and technology, regards China tea as the fifth greatest contribution to mankind after the four great inventions of China (gunpowder, papermaking, compass and printing). Lu Yu's Tea Classic in Tang Dynasty was the first tea book in the world. China tea culture has a great influence on the world. Taking tea as a friend is one of the most extensive social functions of tea culture. Today's market economy is characterized by fierce competition, survival of the fittest, and emphasis on interests and benefits. However, human feelings are relatively indifferent and interpersonal relationships tend to be indifferent. Through teahouses and teahouses, friends get together to exchange information, feelings, understanding and friendship. Friends gather in the old teahouse, talking and laughing at will, recalling life and enjoying life again. In ancient times? Cold night guests come to tea as wine? In a word, replacing wine with tea embodies the traditional virtues, which meets the requirements of today's central government to advocate strict economy and eliminate extravagance and waste. Educating people with tea is a new social function bred by tea culture in the new period. Shanghai children's tea art learns tea by itself, promotes traditional excellent culture and receives patriotic education. When offering tea, we expressed our respect for our elders, parents and classmates.

The role of tea culture in modern society

Modern society has created more social wealth, more and more material wealth and richer life by relying on high technology and information. In the process of industrialization in some East Asian countries, while absorbing excellent western technologies and crafts, decadent western cultural values and customs have also eroded society, resulting in moral crisis, money worship and extreme individualism. The experience of social development shows that modernization is not the only goal. Modern society needs a spiritual civilization that adapts to it, and it needs to explore the spiritual resources of excellent traditional culture. Tea culture has historical, contemporary cultural factors and reasonable factors, and has played and is playing its own positive role in modern society. Tea culture is an elegant culture, and celebrities are willing to participate. Tea culture is also a popular culture, in which people participate extensively. Tea culture covers the whole people and affects the whole society.

There are five main functions of tea culture in modern society:

First, tea culture takes morality as the center, attaches importance to people's group value, advocates selfless dedication and opposes mercenary. Advocating justice over profit, paying attention to coordinating the relationship between people, advocating respect for people and paying attention to self-cultivation are conducive to balancing people's mentality, solving modern people's mental confusion and improving people's cultural quality;

Second, tea culture is a good friend to meet the challenges of life. In the fierce social competition and market competition, intense work, entertainment, complicated interpersonal relationships and various pressures attached to people are not light. Participating in tea culture can relax the spirit and body and meet the challenges of life, and the role of Hong Kong teahouse is very significant.

Third, it is conducive to the construction of community civilization. The economy has gone up, but the culture can't lag behind, the social atmosphere can't be dirty, and the morality can't be decadent and ugly. The spread of tea culture after the reform and opening up shows that tea culture has the functions of changing unfair consumption activities, creating spiritual civilization and promoting social progress;

Fourth, it plays an obvious role in improving people's quality of life and enriching cultural life. Tea culture is knowledgeable, interesting and entertaining. Tasting famous tea, tea sets and refreshments, and watching tea-folk tea art, all give people a beautiful enjoyment.

The fifth is to promote opening up and promote international cultural exchanges. Zhabei District of Shanghai held the International Tea Culture Festival for four consecutive years, which expanded the visibility of Zhabei District at home and abroad. The four teams in Zhabei District decided to hold a tea culture festival all the time and invest in the construction of tea culture attractions in Zhabei Park, with a view to creating a tea culture grand view garden.

The frequent exchange of international tea culture has made tea culture cross national boundaries and become the spiritual wealth of human civilization.

Description of tea varieties

1. green tea: tea leaves are unfermented, that is, fresh leaves are spread and dried and directly put into 120 Baidu's hot pot for frying, so as to keep their green characteristics.

The main colors are: West Lake Longjing Tea, Rizhao Green Tea, Qingxue Tea, Biluochun Tea, Huangshan Mao Feng Tea, Lushan Wu Yun Tea, Lu 'an Guapian Tea, Mengding Tea, Taiping Monkey Kui Tea, Guzhu Sun Zi Tea, Xinyang Maojian Tea, Zhuyeqing Tea, Duyun Maojian Tea, Pingshui Bamboo Tea, Xishan Tea, Yandang Mao Feng Tea, Huading Yunwu Tea, Yongxi Huoqing Tea and Jingting Lu.

2. Black tea: Contrary to green tea, black tea is a completely fermented tea (the degree of fermentation is above 80%). The name of black tea comes from its soup color red.

The main colors are: Qimen black tea, Dianhong black tea, Yingde black tea and Zhengshan small black tea.

3. Black tea: At first, black tea was mainly sold to border areas, such as Pu 'er tea in Yunnan. Pu 'er tea can be divided into two types: the first type is traditional Pu 'er tea, that is, raw tea, which is a special tea formed after drying, autoclaving and natural drying for a certain period of time. The other is modern Pu 'er tea, that is, cooked tea, which is made by solid-state fermentation of tidal microorganisms. Pu 'er tea has the effects of reducing blood fat, weight and blood pressure, and is very popular in Southeast Asia and Japan. But if you really want to lose weight, the most remarkable effect is oolong tea.

4. Oolong tea: Oolong tea, also known as green tea, is a semi-fermented tea between red and green tea. Oolong tea is the most complicated and time-consuming process in the six categories of tea, and the brewing method is also the most exquisite, so drinking oolong tea is also called drinking congou tea.

The main colors are: Wuyi Rock Tea, Anxi Tieguanyin, Phoenix Dan Cong, Frozen Top Oolong Tea, etc.

5. Yellow tea: The famous Junshan Yinzhen tea belongs to yellow tea. The production method of yellow tea is a bit like green tea, but it needs a process of blocking yellow in the middle.

The main colors are: Junshan Silver Needle, Weishan Maojian, Huoshan Yellow Bud and Huoshan Yellow Tea.

6. White tea: White tea is mainly withered and dried. White tea has good appearance, aroma and taste.

The main colors are: Bai Hao Silver Needle, Bai Mudan.

Combined with the above common classification methods, China tea can be divided into two parts: basic tea and reprocessed tea:

Basic tea

Green tea? The tea with the largest yield in China ranks first in the world in variety and color. Green tea has the characteristics of high aroma, mellow taste, beautiful appearance and resistance to brewing. Its production process includes the processes of enzyme fixation, rolling and drying. Due to the different drying methods during processing, green tea can be divided into fried green tea (Longjing), baked green tea (Huangshan Mao Feng), steamed green tea (Enshi Yulu) and sun-dried green tea (Yunnanqing).

Green tea is a kind of tea with the largest yield in China, and it is produced in all tea-producing provinces (regions) in China 18. China has the largest variety of green tea in the world, exporting tens of thousands of tons every year, accounting for about 70% of the green tea trade in the world tea market. China traditional green tea-plum tea and pearl tea, with high aroma, mellow taste, beautiful appearance and resistance to brewing, are well received by consumers at home and abroad.

Black tea? The difference between black tea and green tea lies in the different processing methods. When black tea is processed, it will wither, so that fresh leaves lose some water, and then it will be kneaded (kneaded into strips or cut into granules) and fermented, so that the tea polyphenols contained in it will be oxidized and become red compounds. This compound is soluble in water and insoluble in water, but it accumulates in leaves, thus forming red soup and red leaves. There are three main types of black tea: Competition Black Tea (Yashan Competition), Kung Fu Black Tea (Qi Hong) and Black Broken Tea (Lipton Black Tea).

Green tea (oolong tea)? It belongs to semi-fermented tea, that is, it is fermented properly when making, which makes the tea slightly red. It is a kind of tea between green tea and black tea. It has both the freshness of green tea and the strong alcohol of black tea. Because its leaves are green in the middle and red in the edge, there are? Green leaves and red edges? Known as.

White tea? This is a specialty of our country. When processing, do not fry or knead, only dry the delicate tea leaves with fine hairs on the back or dry them with slow fire, so that the white fine hairs can be preserved completely. White tea is mainly produced in Fuding, Zhenghe, Songxi and Jianyang counties in Fujian. Silver needle? 、? Bai Mudan? 、? Gong Mei? 、? Shoumei? Several kinds.

Yellow tea? In the process of making tea, yellow leaves and yellow soup are formed by boring. Integral? Yellow bud tea? (Including Yinshan Mountain in Junshan, Dongting Lake, Hunan, Huangya in Mengding, Ya 'an, Sichuan, and Huoshan, Anhui)? Huang Xiaocha? (including Beigangzai, Yueyang, Hunan, Maojian, Weishan, Ningxiang, Hunan, Tanghuang, Pingyang, Zhejiang and Luyuan, Yuan 'an, Hubei)? Huang Dacha? (Including Guangdong Dayeqing Tea and Anhui Huoshan Huang Da Tea).

Black tea? The raw materials are rough and old, and the leaves are dark brown after a long period of accumulation and fermentation during processing. It is an indispensable daily necessity for Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur and other fraternal peoples. what's up Hunan black tea? 、? Hubei old green tea? 、? Guangxi Liubao Tea? Sichuan? Tea by the west road? Tea by the south road? Yunnan? Tight tea Cake tea? 、? Square tea? And then what? Round tea? And other varieties.

Reprocessed tea

Additive tea, which is made from various kinds of crude tea or refined tea, includes scented tea, pressed tea, liquid tea, instant tea and medicinal tea.

Medicinal tea? Medicated tea is made by mixing drugs with tea leaves, so as to exert and strengthen the efficacy of drugs, promote the dissolution of drugs, increase the aroma and coordinate the taste of drugs. There are many kinds of this kind of tea, such as? Lunch tea? 、? Ginger tea powder? 、? Yishou tea? 、? Diet tea? Wait a minute.

Scented tea This is a rare tea variety. It is a product that enhances the fragrance of tea with floral fragrance, which is very popular in China. Generally, green tea is used as tea blank, and a few people use black tea or oolong tea as tea blank. It is made of fragrant flowers and fragrance according to the characteristic that tea easily absorbs peculiar smell. There are several kinds of flowers used, including jasmine, osmanthus fragrans and pearl orchid, among which jasmine is the most.

From a global perspective, among the above teas, black tea is the most, followed by green tea, and white tea is the least.