On the humanization design of museum building layout?

0 IntroductionOnce upon a time, in the eyes of ordinary people, or noble and mysterious museum buildings, has unknowingly come into people's lives, becoming an important place for public leisure and enhancement of cultural cultivation. The former sense of distance is gradually cut, the expected affinity is also in the attention of the architects closer and closer to the humanized design of the museum building layout is becoming more and more important.1 Atrium space development of the traditional museum design, more than an atrium space to the atrium as a traffic The link between the various layers of the exhibition space, the layers of the superposition of the exhibition hall around the atrium, constituting the museum or square or round plan layout and overall shape. This kind of space in the form of atrium, mostly in the form of radial space combination. With the progress of construction technology and the expansion of the scale of the museum building, the shape and function of the atrium of the museum are becoming more and more diversified, and the creation of the environment and atmosphere of the atrium is extremely crucial for the enhancement of the level of humanized design of the museum. The new museum of Beijing Capital Museum is unique in the layout design of atrium space. With Chang'an Street in the north and Baiyun Road in the east, the new museum consists of three parts from east to west, namely, the bronze-finished exhibition hall, the central hall, and the wooden-finished exhibition hall, with the temporary exhibition hall on the first basement level. Three independent exhibition areas, by the central hall enclosure constitutes an organic whole. The central hall of the Shou Bo, although still the first floor to the top floor through the high settings, but lightened the traditional rules and regulations, with an open layout and full of natural light to create a space for themselves and nature: the north side of the open main entrance and the south side of the pagoda and the sky garden corresponds to the audience in the hall at the moment, will be shocked and infected by the grandeur that comes to the face! Here is usually in and out of the new hall, the main space for the convergence of flows, but also the hall is the perfect place to hold large-scale gatherings, publicity and other activities. The central hall of the east and west wings are respectively bronze veneer exhibition hall block and wood veneer exhibition hall block. The two blocks are respectively formed with the south wall of the two relatively long and narrow space, the audience wandering through, but not the slightest sense of closure and oppression. In the space on the east side, the five-story north-south platform reduces the narrowness of the east-west direction, and the platform is connected with the bronze-finish exhibition block, and the platform is arranged with escalators on each floor, and the evacuation staircase set up at the south end of the platform seems to be random, but it enhances the sense of height of the space. Not only that, from the central hall to the first floor of the platform of the footbridge and the ramp to the first floor, but also strongly strengthen the connection between the atrium and the east side of the space (Figure 1); in the west side of the space, for the wood finish exhibition hall services escalators, all-glass elevators, footbridges and corridors, arranged in an orderly manner, so that the west side of the space of the spatial width and height of the space to be invisible to expand (Figure 2). The east and west elevations of the two spaces are both transparent glass curtain walls, subtle natural light and shadow, but also add a little softness to the central hall. Especially praiseworthy is that the east side of the platform walking through the flow of people, in the light of natural illumination, and the platform together, forming a vivid and chic silhouette, in the central hall in the frequent changes, how not to make people relaxed and happy it. 2 the introduction of natural light in the design of the museum, taking into account the maintenance of the exhibits, the exhibition hall of the natural lighting is less, the hall is mostly for the man-made light source, and the light is relatively weak. People in the process of visiting, always in the more dim light. Over time, there will be more or less depressing feeling of closure. Domestic traditional museum design, more exhibition halls around the atrium form to solve the above shortcomings, with the help of the atrium as a **** enjoy the space, the use of the atrium corridor linking the exhibition halls, so that the audience in the shuttle in the exhibition halls gap, with the help of the top of the atrium to alleviate the discomfort brought about by the lack of natural light in the exhibition halls. Liaoning Provincial Museum (Figure 3), Zhengzhou Museum (Figure 4), Shanghai Museum, Henan Museum and so on are such design. Atrium corridor as a place of natural lighting and leisure, often in the visual appearance of some monotonous, and, when the museum audience is more, the atrium also seems to be too noisy, the quality of leisure is poor. Nanjing Museum new museum, in the use of natural light can be described as ingenious. The new museum is adjacent to the old Nanjing Museum designed by Xu Jingzhi. Considering the harmony with the old museum on the central axis of the base, the building shape still continues the old museum's imitation of the Liao Dynasty architectural style, and the volume is also very low-profile, with only two floors above ground. The constraints of the old building did not affect the modern museum atmosphere inside the new building. In the layout of the new museum, the traditional atrium is still set up in the core part (Fig. 5), with the central staircase linking the corridors on the first and second floors, and the top of the roof adopts the well type roof, which introduces the natural light into the atrium. In addition, the exhibition halls of the new museum are arranged in groups, and each group of exhibition halls is equipped with a number of small atriums. These small atrium or as a natural light exhibition hall (Figure 6), or the arrangement of 1:1 restoration of the wooden components of the building (Figure 7), or display miniature landscape (Figure 8), so that the audience in the process of appreciating the exhibits, unconsciously will be in the natural light and artificial light source in the alternation, less tired. 3 outdoor recreational space for the creation of the museum's exhibition halls are mostly closed space, often easy to fatigue, the museum design of outdoor recreational space, the museum's exhibition halls are often closed space, often easy to fatigue. Museum design in the outdoor recreation space is particularly important. Although the design of outdoor leisure space will take up a certain area, but can better enhance the museum environment, more conducive to the audience's appreciation and leisure, reflecting the humanized design. Especially with the gradual free opening of museums across the country, more and more visitors go to museums for leisure, study and appreciation, and the demand for museums to have high-quality leisure space is bound to be greater and greater. The new Suzhou Museum pays great attention to the creation of indoor leisure space. The new museum has designed a main garden and a number of small gardens between the exhibition areas, so that visitors can naturally return to the outdoor natural space in between visits. Although the small gardens are small in size, they are small and elegant as Suzhou gardens, with ancient trees planted in them or stone benches set up, so that the visitors can have a rest in the nature. The design of the main garden is more unique (Figure 9). The main garden accounts for about 1/5 of the area of the new museum, composed of pebble ponds, bridges, pavilions, bamboo forests. It not only inherits the flavor of traditional Suzhou gardens, but also exudes a fresh, simple and modern atmosphere. Although the main garden is surrounded by the east, center and west of the new building in the layout, it is not closed in space. In the east, center and west of the new museum along the side of the main garden, every section will be more or less through the main garden of the scene: the central axis, facing the lobby entrance rounded outside the north side of the glass door, is through the height of the glass door, visitors in the lobby door at the moment of stepping into the main garden of the Jiangnan water will come to the face of the moment. The north wall of the east gallery, west gallery and the east wall of the north exhibition area are equipped with diamond-shaped glass windows, and the glass walls on the east and north sides of the exhibition halls, so that the scenery of the main garden is properly penetrated into the gallery, which relaxes the mood when you move around, and of course, one cannot help but be full of anticipation for the main garden. The West Gate and East Gate, which face the main garden, open the main garden to you at the right time when your anticipation reaches its peak, covered with bamboo. ...... The ingenuity of the main garden, so naturally in the new museum's brightest spot, become the best space for leisure and evacuation.4 Gray space in the creation of the layout of the museum design of humane design, should also be reflected in the construction of gray space on the creation of the building, so that the audience in the museum and outside the museum between, still be able to feel the designer's human-centered care of the heart. The most common element of gray space is naturally the corridor. Corridor as a link between indoor and outdoor space, its specific space to a certain extent erased the boundaries of the building inside and outside, so that indoor and outdoor as an organic whole, spatial coherence eliminates the internal and external space of the wall, giving a natural and organic feeling of the whole. The practicality of the corridor for sheltering from the sun and rain and the experience of feeling the natural atmosphere and light make it more humanized. Field visit, feel the new museum of suzhou white flaws. early August to the museum, the entrance of the front garden, although simple and friendly, but make people in the sun can not stay long (Figure 10). If the main entrance, the ticket office, the lobby entrance, and the museum store are enclosed by a corridor, it not only continues the elemental characteristics of the corridors of the Chungwang Mansion and the Humble Administrator's Garden, but also allows visitors to stroll around, isn't it a pleasure? Similarly, the main garden along the new museum of the east, south, west of the circular pink wall side if you can set up a corridor, then in the hot sun, drizzle season, but also can be calm and relaxed wandering in the main garden. 5 the audience's field experience of the museum building shape and layout of the many peculiarities, it is often cohesion of the architect's mind and inspiration, and have unique insights to interpret. However, in the creative process, must not indulge in the pursuit of its special, but ignored the audience's field experience. Beijing Film Museum, although the exhibition halls on each floor are distributed in the form of an enclosed atrium, but the exhibition halls on each floor do not quite correspond to each other, and each exhibition hall is not very regular, coupled with irregular corridors and crisscrossing escalators outside the exhibition halls (Fig. 11), the entire exhibition area is full of dynamics and variability, which, to a certain extent, interprets the connotations of the movie. However, such as into the labyrinth of the field feeling, for the older or rusty environment of the audience, the advantages still outweigh the disadvantages.6 Conclusion The humanized design of the museum building layout, embodied in a number of aspects, the development of the connotation of the atrium space, the introduction of natural light, the creation of outdoor recreational space, the design of grey space as well as the audience's feelings in the field and so on, need to pay more attention to the designers.

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