What are the characteristics of folk houses in southern Anhui?

There are several characteristics of folk houses in southern Anhui:

Huizhou architectural form of the gatehouse. The doors of Huizhou buildings are all equipped with gatehouses (the smaller ones are called door covers), which are mainly used to prevent rainwater from splashing on the doors along the walls. Generally, the door covers of farmers' homes are relatively simple. At a distance from the upper part of the door frame, the eaves and feet protruding outward are made of water mill bricks, covered with tiles and carved with some simple decorations. The gatehouse of the rich family is very particular, and there are many brick carvings or stone carvings. On the fifth floor of Jinshi Gate Building in Yansi Town, Huizhou District, there are three rooms and four columns, which are built in imitation of the Ming Dynasty archway and are made of bluestone and water-milled bricks. The gatehouse is carved with double lions playing ball, which is vivid in image and exquisite in knife work. There are huge drum stones on both sides of the column, which are elegant and luxurious. In the gatehouse of a residential building in Yuliang Town, Shexian County, there is a brick carving "Hundred Pictures" between two horizontal purlins. Hundreds of figures carved at the screen level have different shapes, full of charm and lifelike. The gatehouse is the facade of the house and a symbol of the owner's status.

Structural mode of hall-style Huizhou architecture. Also called back to the hall. The main hall is located at the back of the main hall, which is closely connected with the main hall and is a transitional building for the main hall to enter the inner room. Most of them are wooden floors, and three rooms are opposite the hall. People enter through the doors on both sides of the front screen of the hall. One hall and two rooms. The hall is smaller than the formal three rooms and has patio lighting.

Hall-style Huizhou architectural structure. The hall is a bright hall, and the three rooms are opened and closed by movable partitions, which is convenient for use in winter. There are two corridors in the main hall, facing the patio. There is also a screen door in the middle of the crowd, which goes in and out from both sides every day. Courtesy activities, from the screen door in and out of the middle door. The variation of the hall sometimes has a side door population, and the patio has rooms to entertain visitors, or the main entrance population has two wings. The hall is mainly used for ceremonial activities of Huizhou folk houses, such as welcoming VIPs and handling wedding and funeral gifts. It is also a place for daily activities and the main part of the whole house.

Huizhou architectural form on the roof of a big house. Refers to the emblem of large-scale heraldic kiss ornaments. Huizhou ancient poetry hall, ancestral temple, mansion and other large-scale buildings follow the official practice of Song Dynasty's construction law, and adopt large roof ridge kiss, including forehead kiss, squatting ridge kiss, hanging ridge kiss, horned beast, trapping beast and so on. Modeling is different from the official practice and belongs to the Huizhou school. And the origin is accompanied by many interesting legends. Kissing: pointing at both ends of the roof and holding the roof. The origin of Aoyu (arowana) is relatively primitive. It is said that the "Bailiang Hall" was built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and it experienced fire. The alchemist said, "There are fish in the South China Sea, and the water is clear, so the rain is heavy, and the temple kisses the fire." Kissing is inherited like this. Another example is the vertical spine kiss: the figure ornaments located at the head of the vertical spine are called "immortals". There are different opinions about immortals. There is often a saying among the people that Dagong Jiang is here to "kill the devil and catch the special". It is also pointed out that "Dayu" must be restrained, for fear that there are too many fish on the roof, which may easily turn over and flood, so please ask "Yu Wang" to keep watch. Some people say that the Hercules "Erlang God" split the mountain to save his mother, and the beast on his back is the "roaring dog", which also means that Erlang God catches evil spirits in this town. All kinds of statements are protecting peace and expressing endless happiness.

Flying chair Huizhou architectural format. An elegant name for setting armchairs around the patio upstairs in Huizhou residential buildings.

Structural model of Huizhou architecture with high walls and deep houses. There are many ancient houses in Huizhou, surrounded by high walls, which are called "uphill walls". From a distance, they look like ancient castles. In addition to the gate, the house has only a few small windows, and the lighting mainly depends on the patio. This kind of residence is often deep, with a vestibule in the entrance, a patio in the middle and a hall in the back, which is generally where people live. The hall is separated by the middle door, and there is also a two-bedroom and one-bedroom apartment. Behind the hall is another wall that inclines upwards. There is a patio beside the wall, flanked by wings. This is the first entry. The structure of the second entrance is that the ridge is divided into two halls, two days before and after the well, with partition, four rooms and two halls. The structure of the third item, the fourth item or more items in the future is roughly the same. This kind of deep house is lived by a family. With the reproduction of children and grandchildren, houses will be built one by one, so the big house has the saying "36 patios and 72 sill windows". Generally, one sticks into the other. When the door is closed, each household lives independently; As soon as the door opened, a gate came in and out, and an ancestor sacrificed. Vividly embodies the cohabitation folk custom in ancient Huizhou. This kind of building with high walls and deep houses is rare in China.

Lattice window Huizhou architectural format. The cloister around the courtyard of Huizhou residential houses uses wooden lattice windows to separate the space, which has the functions of lighting, ventilation, dust prevention, heat preservation and division of indoor and outdoor space. The lattice window consists of outer frame material, strip ring plate, skirt plate and lattice window core strip. The main forms are square (square, square, oblique square, mat pattern, etc. ), round (round mirror, crescent moon, ancient coins, sector, etc. ), glyph (cross, sub-word, Tian Zi, I-word, etc. ) and assorted flowers, animals, utensils, totems, etc. ). Grilled window patterns often use metaphors and homophones to express good luck. For example, "peace and happiness" is expressed by the homonym composed of vases and wishful patterns; "Longevity and longevity" is represented by longevity peach and Buddha hand print; "Four Seasons Peace" means putting Chinese rose flowers in vases; "Harvest of five grains" is a combination of ears of grain, bees and lanterns; "Fu Lushou" is represented by bats, deer and peaches. The lattice window also uses gauze, colored paper, bamboo curtain and other methods to increase indoor light transmission.