Introduction of Zhangjiajie Old Courtyard Scenic Spot

This old house was built in the early years of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, about 300 years from today. * * * It took 820 Chinese Toona trees and 100 craftsmen three years to complete. * * * Covers an area of 2 100 square meters, with 3/kloc-0 rooms for large and small houses, three-story hall, four patios, surrounded by walls, facing south. Architects believe that this old house is a classic of Tujia quadrangle architecture.

As we all know, wooden houses are afraid of fire. How to prevent fire in such a big wooden house? At that time, there was a local Yijing master named Yi Jiade, who was called a living immortal. He designed the fire prevention method of bird catching in Liuhe net by using the principle of Yijing. Indeed, there has never been a fire in this yard for 300 years. There is a portrait of an old man hanging in the center of the main room. He is the ancestor of Tian Family Courtyard, the head of the first generation, and the chief designer of this house-Tianqiyuan. It is this old man who started the inheritance of the Tian family, kept the family strictly, blessed his children and grandchildren, and created eight generations of scholarly families and eight prominent families. The couplets of 100 on both sides of the portrait outline the cause and effect of Tian's ancestors moving from Wan Li Bridge in Chengdu, Sichuan to Zhangjiajie, Hunan, and the whole process of Tian's clan merger.

Don't people pay great attention to the imperial plaque when they enter the hall? This plaque is promising! During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, the queen mother in the palace was terminally ill and there was no cure. The emperor was as anxious as a cat on hot bricks. At this time, Tian Youzhi, Tian Qiqi's great grandson, was working as a Beijing official, and he was a four-grade doctor. After hearing the message, he gave him the secret recipe from his ancestors and cured the queen mother's illness. Emperor Xianfeng was very happy and was deeply impressed by Tian Youzhi's mother and Mrs. Qin's adopted son. At that time, Tian Zuozhi's father had died and his mother was widowed at home, which means widow. This magnificent plaque has been preserved by Tian's descendants. Next, please come with me to visit Tian Qiqi, the first generation head of the old home. This room is Yuan Gong's study and bedroom. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the heads of eight generations of the old courtyard lived here. The word "primitive man" at the beginning of the door refers to entrepreneurs and inheritors. Born in the tenth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1733), he has two wives, Huang and Hou, his father Tian Sanpin and his grandfather Tian as a scholar. Yuan Gong is the second son, known as the second young master. Since then, I have read a lot of poems and books, and learned everything about the present and the present. Be honest and kind, manage the family rigorously, and educate children well. This old yard was built when he was 43 years old. On both sides of the courtyard gate, there is a couplet. The first couplet is "Poems and Books to Leave Behind", and the second couplet is "Filial piety and family heirloom", which was written by him personally. Wen Tianxiang's righteous songs are engraved on the stone tablet in the courtyard, which stands in the purlin and is recited by future generations at night, reflecting his thought of "emphasizing literature, worshiping religion and respecting morality"

Under his training and education, Tian's eight generations of scholars, sons and nephews developed into eight famous schools. Dayong has a folk song dedicated to praising the wealth and splendor of the Tian family: "Dayong has three employees, two sons, eight grandsons, eight manors, thousands of classes, forty people are famous, silver has warehouses, and gold has scales." People often say that "one generation is rich, the second generation is poor, and three generations and four generations live in bridge opening", which means that wealth does not exceed two generations. However, like Tian Jia, it is extremely rare for eight generations of wealthy talents to live under one roof in the history of our family. (of a bed) Isn't everyone paying attention to this bed? Let me just talk about this bed! This bed is called Wudi Shuifu Carved Bed, which is carved from boxwood and pear. It is a well-known Tujia drip bed at home and abroad. The origin of the name is said to be modeled after the three-story drainage eaves of Tujia Diaojiao Building, usually three floors. This bed has five floors, which is the best in the bed and unique, showing the noble status of the owner. Please watch carefully. From the eaves of the bed to the foot of the bed, from the bedpost to the four walls, there are Four Treasures of the Study, chess, calligraphy and painting, daily necessities, natural scenery, historical figures, opera stories, ancient fables and other contents carved inside and outside, which can be said to be all-encompassing, and the world is in it.

It is like a textbook of life, history and philosophy, and it is also a negative textbook to interpret life with pictures. Tujia people, especially wealthy families, attach great importance to bed, which is not only a place to sleep and rest, but also the starting point and end point of life. Sleeping in this bed, when you open your eyes, you can see that the four seasons are full of natural images, and the content of life is in your field of vision. It always reminds your master to know life, understand life, cherish life and create life. The leaders of the Tian family sleep on this bed, dreaming and releasing their ideals, thus turning dreams into reality and ideals into life. You may have noticed that there is also a bat pattern carved in the middle of the bed eaves, which is related to a touching story.

One winter night, Qi Huangong found a dying bat on the grass in front of the yard. Kind-hearted Qi Huangong took the bat home and fed it pig blood every day. After being lifted, the bat flew back to the night sky. One summer evening, Master Tian was enjoying the cool in the hall. A three-dimensional poisonous viper slipped to Ji Gong's feet. When he looked up and opened his mouth to bite, he was suddenly knocked out of a meter by a bat. Ji Gong woke up and realized that the bat had saved him. Since then, Qi Huangong has carved bats on the bed as the savior and the patron saint of the family. This kind of bed is also called a five-drop bed. This is a leading turtle, and no one may believe it. You may think it is an artificial bonsai in the water, but it is not. This dragon turtle was dug out of the ground while building this pool. Nobody cared then. The leading turtle said, "This leading turtle is very spiritual, so put it in the pool!" " In this way, the leading turtle lay motionless in the water for 230 years. "Strangely, the old yard is very low, with its back against Lishui. Every year when there is a flood, the surrounding houses are flooded, so there is no water in the old yard. Is it a blessing from the dragon head turtle? No one dares to assert.

One year, the magistrate of Lizhou visited and took a fancy to this dragon turtle. He had to spend 3200 silver to buy it. At that time, Chang Diangong, the grandson of the third-generation head, said: "In our yard, I am willing to give anything the county magistrate wants except this dragon turtle. This is a treasure of the town house and a gift from the Dragon King. Without it, my yard would have been washed away by the flood. " Was the Dragon King Turtle sent to flood Laoyuanzi Town? No one can tell, but with it, for 230 years, the old yard has not been washed by water or soaked by rain. This is an old loom, which was basically available all over the country before the reform and opening up. But today, chemical fiber has replaced cotton yarn, which has become a rare thing. Most people in the old courtyard weave their own clothes and bedding, women workers specialize in weaving, and women in the courtyard work by themselves. Focus on this cotton loom! Tujia brocade, called Xilankapu in Tujia language and Tuhuabu in Chinese, is covered with flowers. Lance is a bedclothes and Karp is a flower. The folk application of Tujia cotton is mainly embodied in quilt cover, children's nest cover, foot cover and skirt cover, and it is also something for girls to marry and have sex. It is also used as the armor for dancing and the wall hanging for sacrifice. Tujia girls usually learn to knit with their mothers around the age of nine, and the patterns vary from simple to complex. When they grow up, the patterns they often weave have been memorized, and they don't need blue books. In Tujia hut, almost every family has a cotton loom, and the girls are extremely clever according to the number of patterns they can weave, weaving techniques and clever colors. The floral quilt for dowry needs to be woven and sewn by the girl herself.

Brocade originated from the most basic production and life of Tujia people. From ancient times to the present, the emphasis on the reproduction of children and grandchildren and the loyalty to love are the themes of folk art, which are reflected in the patterns of cotton fabrics, that is, 48 hooks, from which a series of hook patterns are derived. Forty-eight checkmarks are multi-level central diffusion, which is verified by folklore experts as a reflection of sun worship. Tujia ancestors thought that men represented the moon, women represented the sun, and decorations were interlocking, just like people dancing around a bonfire on a moonlit night. Cotton weaving patterns can be roughly divided into six categories: animals, plants, daily utensils, abstract geometric patterns and astronomical themes. Tujia quilt covers are well-known all over the country, and are sold at home and abroad. They are the treasures of China national art, and girls sometimes sing while knitting cotton. Tian is the last generation to walk out of the old yard. He was born in 1899 and died in 1975, becoming the fourth generation grandson. Father Tian Yunhou: Juren, a native of Tongzhou in the late Qing Dynasty; Grandfather and great-grandfather both worked in Beijing and served as doctors in the imperial court. Tian Qizan, the eldest brother, studied in Japan and served as the director of the Military Law Department of the Northern Expeditionary Army and the provincial government. Third brother Tian Qiju, graduated from Huangpu Military Academy, served as the commander of the Northern Expedition Army; Cousin Tang: Born in the military, he used to be the commander and general of China Revolutionary Army.

Tian graduated from the Department of Geology of Peking University, and returned to Hunan to establish the Institute of Geology on 1927. He used to be a geological researcher at the Academia Sinica of the Kuomintang government and a professor at the Department of Mining and Governance of Hunan University. Before liberation, he led a team to survey the mineral resources in western Hunan. When Hunan was peacefully liberated, he led the staff of the Geological Survey to protect the research institute, making tens of thousands of instruments and equipment completely belong to the people. 1949 was invited to founding ceremony. After liberation, he served as deputy director and chief engineer of the Mineral Department of the Ministry of Geology, presided over the work of the State Mineral Resources Committee, was elected as the representative of the Third National People's Congress, and was invited to visit the Soviet Union to give an academic report on "Sinian Department in China". He served as the leader of Vietnam's aid to Vietnam, visited Hungary twice and wrote more than one million words of mineral resources papers and geological reports. The monograph is Devonian brachiopods in Hunan, which is praised by geologists as the field Devonian and the new China geology. Visiting my hometown in my later years, I predicted that there might be toothless hibiscus dinosaur fossils in Bai Township, Furong Bridge, Sangzhi County. This prediction proved to be completely correct.

Tian pursued truth and advocated science all his life. He is outspoken, taciturn, modest and sincere, loyal to his duties and outstanding. 1975 died in Beijing and returned to his hometown. His ashes were scattered around the Lishui River and the old courtyard. Tian is an outstanding talent representative of Laoyuanzi, and most of his descendants work in science and education departments, including 10 many scholars and experts with certain influence and popularity in China.

Since the founder of the old courtyard, there have been two generations and five generations below. There are eight generations of "macro, empty, promotion, honor, honor, friendship, luck and strangeness". According to the research, there are 1 15 men, 43 of whom have become famous, accounting for 37%. Although there are no dignitaries, they can be called stars shining. Among them, scholars from the civil and military circles 13, including jurors 1 person, 9 scholars from the Academy of Sciences (equivalent to academicians of China Academy of Sciences), 2 officials of Grade 4, officials below Grade 4 10, and 3 imperial officials (equivalent to Grade 4) are women.