How to write the appreciation of ancient poetry

Appreciate the writing method of ancient poetry;

1. Grasp poetic eyes, images and artistic conception;

Poetry eye: Poetry is the art of language, and the ancients paid special attention to "refining words" when writing poetry. The most vivid words in a poem or a poem are usually verbs or adjectives. For example, the word "Jian" in "Seeing Nanshan leisurely" and the word "Noisy" in "The branches of red apricots are full of spring" make poetry vivid and full of realm.

Image: The scenery and things expressed by the author in poetry are the perfect combination of objective image and the emotion and ambition expressed by the author through scenery. Images in ancient poems are often established and have rules to follow. For example, "plum blossom" is a symbol of noble character; "Moon" stands for homesickness; "Hongyan" is a messenger who delivers books and the like.

Poets sometimes create a group of images, such as Ma Zhiyuan's Qiu Si, and create 1 1 images, and use the central image of "heartbroken man" to express Qiu Si who misses the future. Artistic conception: Artistic conception is a harmonious and broad picture of nature and life in literary works, which permeates the author's implicit and rich feelings and forms an artistic realm that can arouse readers' imagination and thinking.

Excellent ancient poems create artistic conception and have broad artistic space. The relationship between poetic artistic conception (scene) is often felt, moved and blended in the scene.

Artistic conception features are: generous and tragic, vigorous and powerful, calm and natural, majestic and spectacular, tragic and desolate, lonely and cold, and so on. It can be seen that by grasping these key points, we can cross the language barrier, quickly touch the poet's spiritual world, enter the artistic realm of poetry and solve problems.

2. Master the basic knowledge of ancient poetry. Poetry is divided into classical poetry (also known as "ancient style") and modern poetry (also known as "metrical poetry"). Classical poetry: including all poems except Chu Ci before the appearance of modern poetry, and all poems except modern poetry after the appearance of modern poetry.

"Song, line and tune" are respectively a genre of classical poetry. Such as "Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home", Bai Juyi's "Pipa Trip" and Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream". Modern poetry: divided into metrical poems and quatrains.

Each poem has five laws (five characters) and seven laws (seven characters). First couplet (one or two sentences), parallel couplet (three or four sentences), neck couplet (five or six sentences) and tail couplet (seven or eight sentences), parallel couplet and neck couplet must be couplets.

Each quatrain has five quatrains (five characters) and seven quatrains (seven characters), and two, four, six and eight sentences rhyme. The first sentence can be played or not, and it usually rhymes in the end. Ci is a new poetic style, which was produced in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, popular in the middle Tang Dynasty, developed in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and achieved success in the Song Dynasty.

Words are also called long and short sentences (the number and length of sentences vary) and poems (developed from poems). According to the length of words, words can be divided into monotonous (also called Xiao Ling, which is generally considered to be within 58 words), midrange (generally divided into upper and lower gaps, 58-96 words) and long tone (more than 96 words, more than three gaps).

Words have epigrams, and the rhythm and rhyme of each word are strictly defined. Qu: Sanqu, which is divided into "Xiao Ling" and "Ji Shu". It is a new poetic style gradually formed in the Song and Jin Dynasties.

The biggest difference between Qu and Ci is that Qu can add lines to the specified number of words, thus increasing the vividness of language and expressing thoughts and feelings more freely and flexibly.

3. Grasp the different themes of poetry: According to the different themes of poetry, ancient poetry can be divided into scenery-writing (lyric) poetry, chronicle (nostalgia) poetry, history (nostalgia) poetry, pastoral (landscape) poetry, frontier fortress (battle) poetry and so on.

Writing landscape poems: students have been exposed to it since high school, needless to say. Poems about nostalgia: Narrating and expressing feelings, expressing personal feelings such as farewell, nostalgia, sadness and feelings about time through the narration of specific events. Such as "Farewell to Du Fu in Shu" and "Wang Chun" by Du Fu.

Poetry recitation: The poet's recitation of a historical event or historical figure has generally been integrated into the poet's unique knowledge, which is to recite with history, to recite with history, to govern history with history, and to compare history with today. For example, Tao Yuanming, Liu Yuxi and Du Mu are all poets.

Poetry about things: the main feature is to express one's ambition by supporting things. The "things" in this kind of ancient poems are mostly images with specific meanings. For example, peach blossom symbolizes beauty, peony symbolizes wealth, Huayang means autumn and so on. Different images have different connotations.

Pastoral poetry: Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry, and Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasties is the originator of landscape poetry. The school of pastoral poetry was formed in the Tang Dynasty, mainly including Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Chu Guangxi and Chang Jian.

Frontier Poems: Describing frontier life and ethnic contradictions, and a series of things related to frontier fortress, which were formed in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan as the highest achievers.

4. Distinguish between styles and genres: "Style" refers to the poet's creative characteristics in choosing themes, shaping images and using language. For example, Tao Yuanming's poems are quiet and peaceful, Wang Wei's poems are paintings, Li Bai's poems are bold and elegant, and Du Fu's poems are depressed and frustrated. Genre mainly refers to the genre of poetry and the genre of writing.

Poetry schools: realism and romanticism. Realism: advocate objective observation of real life, describe reality accurately and delicately, and truly represent typical people in typical environments. Source: The Book of Songs; Representative writers: Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Lu You.

Romanticism: Good at expressing passionate pursuit of ideals, using passionate language, strange imagination, exaggeration and fairy tales to shape images. Source: Chu Ci; Representative writers: Qu Yuan, Li Bai, Li He, Gong Zizhen, etc.

Genre of Ci: bold, graceful and unrestrained, bold: majestic, high style, bold artistic conception and intense emotion. Representative figures: Su Shi and Xin Qiji. Graceful school: soft style, delicate feelings, euphemistic lingering, and far-reaching charm. Representative figures: Liu Yong, Jiang Kui, Qin Guan and Li Qingzhao.

5. Pay attention to the analysis of various expression techniques: the combination of reality and reality in material selection (real scene is the realistic and objective scene described by the poet, that is, the scene in front of us and considerable scenery; Virtual scene is the scene created by the poet through feeling, association or imagination, that is, the scene in his heart and the scene that can be imagined. The combination of reality and fiction is often the basic method of artistic conception of ancient poetry.

Contrast in material selection: Contrast in the expression skills of ancient poetry is an expression skill relative to "positive contrast". In order to make the description of something more clear and prominent in the works, opposites and opposites are used to complement each other.

It is different from "contrast", in which the relationship between two things is juxtaposed, and the result is to highlight both sides; Contrast, however, can clearly distinguish what is set off from what is set off, and highlight the one that is set off.

Dynamic and static combination in content: sometimes it can be understood as "dynamic and static combination" and "dynamic and static combination". Structural foreshadowing and care: the author's casual hints make the poem rigorous in structure, echoing from beginning to end and echoing the title.

Structural contrast: contrast refers to a method of putting two contradictory things or two contradictory aspects of the same thing in a work. This method is suitable for highlighting the image characteristics and revealing the image meaning, and it is also easy to have a sharp and profound effect on the expression of the theme. From the moral point of view, we can borrow scenery to express our feelings, borrow things to express our aspirations, borrow ancient times to satirize the present, borrow ancient times to express our feelings, borrow words to express our feelings, and so on.

6. Pay attention to the taste of various language styles: the examination of the diction and sentence-making of ancient poetry is often from literal to connotation, so it is very important to understand various language styles. The language style of ancient poetry is generally solemn, serious, humorous and humorous; Image, vividness and conciseness; Concise and meticulous; Implicit and clear; Sharp and peaceful; Delicate, euphemistic, generous and warm.

The level of language sense largely determines the level of poetry appreciation. Taste the words in the artistic conception: the words in poetry are in a unified artistic conception, and only by analyzing them in the poetic context can they be correctly understood. If we pay attention to the overall artistic conception of Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night, we can correctly understand "Moonlight how bright at home!" The moon in my hometown is brighter because I miss my hometown.

We should grasp the special grammatical phenomenon: in order to conform to the laws of poetry, there are often modified sentences. For example, "the bamboo language laundry woman returns, and the lotus leaf bends before the fishing boat." In poetry, we should also pay attention to the flexible use of parts of speech, such as "green" in "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan".

7. Pay attention to distinguish various figures of speech: In ancient poetry, the author often uses various figures of speech to enrich images.

Metaphor: the most commonly used technique. You can also write the same thing with different metaphors. For example, Li Yu's "Like water flowing eastward" is written as "like water flowing eastward" and "with many worries and endless sources".

Synaesthesia: Communicate vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch, such as Lin Bu's "Dark Fragrance Drifting with the Moon and Dusk", and use the visual "darkness" to write the smell "fragrance" to highlight the characteristics of plum fragrance.

Metonymy: for example, use sails instead of boats, and use Zhumen instead of the house of dignitaries.

Intertextuality: in a coherent text, words that should be included together are arranged in the upper and lower sentences or the upper and lower paragraphs of a sentence, which saves words and expresses meaning. For example, Bai Juyi's "My master has dismounted and my guest has boarded the boat" actually said: "The master disembarked and the guest disembarked".

Question: For example, Li Yu's "How many worries can there be, just like a river flowing eastward".

Exaggeration: For example, Xin Qiji's "Thousands of trees bloom in the east wind night, and the stars are like rain". Rhetoric commonly used in ancient poetry also includes personification, questioning and repetition, which need our attention.

8. Pay attention to the topic of poetry: the topic of poetry is very important and often reveals important clues. For example, the test question is "inviting guests", the author invited people, but the other party didn't come. In the environment, the rendering of "it rains at home and frogs everywhere" invited guests. Why not come? It highlights the author's anxiety about waiting.

9. Pay attention to the meaning of the examination questions: after appreciating ancient poems, there are often some notes, and the existing content in the title of filling in the form is actually an example.

10, pay attention to the application of association and imagination: poetry appreciation is a kind of re-creation. The main ways of re-creation are association and imagination. For example, in Wang Jia's Rain Clear, the author did not describe the scenery of the courtyard next door, but wrote a real scene of "bees and butterflies all over the wall".