What are the main characteristics of cars?

Hello, the characteristics of the automobile industry:

1 automobile industry

An industry that produces all kinds of trackless vehicles, which can drive automatically and are used for passenger and freight transportation. The automobile industry mainly includes the production of engine, chassis, body and other major parts and components, and assembling them into automobiles, or purchasing parts and components to assemble or refit them into automobiles, or producing automobile spare parts and repairing automobiles.

It is a comprehensive manufacturing and assembly industry, and the automobile industry plays an important role in the economy of developed countries. The main reasons are: the output value of the automobile industry accounts for a considerable proportion of the total industrial output value, and the automobile industry is a technology-intensive industry, which is closely related to all sectors of the national economy; The automobile production process concentrates on new materials, new equipment, new technology and high technology in many fields. Therefore, the development of automobile industry will inevitably promote the development of other related industries.

Since the reform and opening up, China's automobile industry has developed rapidly, forming a relatively complete automobile product series and production layout, and building large enterprises such as Shouqi Group, Dongfeng Motor Group and Shanghai Automobile Industry (Group) Company. The domestic automobile market share exceeds 95%, the variety and output of trucks basically meet the domestic market demand, and the contradiction between supply and demand in the car market has been alleviated. China has become a major motorcycle producer in the world, and has formed several motorcycle manufacturers with international competition scale. The variety and quantity basically meet the domestic market demand, and some of them have entered the international market.

According to statistics, by the end of 1999, there were 239 1 enterprises in the national automobile industry, including 1 18 enterprises for complete vehicles, 546 enterprises for refitting vehicles, 36 enterprises for motorcycles and 5 enterprises for engines. There are1.8000 employees in the automobile industry, including1.6900 engineers and technicians. The total assets of the industry are 508.7 billion yuan, of which the original value of fixed assets is 224.3 billion yuan and the net value is 654.38+0556 billion yuan; The scale of automobile construction approved by the state is1120,000 vehicles, of which the production capacity of automobiles that have been accepted or built by the state is 9 1 10,000 vehicles. 1999, the total output value of the whole industry was 34 1 1 100 million yuan (at constant prices for 90 years), the sales income was 3110.50 billion yuan, the industrial added value was 74.9 billion yuan, and the total profit was10.60 billion yuan.

Eight new trends have emerged in the world automobile industry, namely, globalization of parts procurement, modularization of production and assembly, generalization of automobile chassis, control of target cost, shortening of development cycle, lean production management, leasing of automobile sales and ecological development of automobiles.

2 Automobile production

2. 1 classification

Cars are divided into passenger cars and trucks according to the transport objects.

Truck for short) two categories. Passenger cars can be divided into passenger cars and cars according to the number of seats. Generally, buses take more than 9 people, and cars take less than 9 people. Trucks are divided into two types: highway and off-road use. According to special purposes, automobiles can be divided into special purpose vehicles, off-road vehicles and agricultural vehicles. A car consists of a car body and a car chassis, which can be combined with a trailer and a semi-trailer to form a car train.

2.2 Specialization and cooperation of automobile production

Automobile can become a common means of transportation, mainly because it adopts a professional cooperative production system and adopts a large number of standardized, interchangeable and assembly-line production methods, which improves the output and quality of automobiles and greatly reduces the price; With the rapid development of technology, we can constantly improve and change models in time. The production batch of automobiles is larger than that of ordinary machines, which is conducive to the adoption of high-efficiency and low-cost production processes. If some parts used by several automobile factories are combined in one factory, the production batch will be larger and more efficient technology can be adopted.

When European and American countries began to produce cars, some parts such as leaf springs and wheels were produced by special factories, which was the division of labor that existed when making carriages. As the earliest specialized production of automobile parts, tires and automobile electrical appliances were produced. At the beginning of the 20th century, after a large number of automobile factories merged into large companies, some factories turned into professional companies, and some unincorporated automobile factories also turned to produce automobile parts. There are also some small and medium-sized professional factories merged into groups, specializing in the production of automobile parts (some large groups also have multinational companies), such as clutches, transmission shafts, transmissions, steering gears, transmission shafts, radiators, brakes, frames and so on. Japan's 65,438+00 major automobile manufacturers cooperate with more than 8,000 parts and materials factories, and the labor force of the automobile factory itself only accounts for 30-40%. General Motors has obtained spare parts, raw materials and auxiliary materials from more than 30,000 factories. These industries are called cooperative industries or horizontal industries of automobiles.