Who are the "Eight Historians" in Chinese history? Who sent them?

Zuo Qiuming:

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu was the author of Zuo Zhuan and the founder of chronological history books.

Sima Qian:

Historical Records written by people in the Western Han Dynasty is the first biographical style of official history.

Ban gu:

People in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote Hanshu, which created the style of dynastic history.

Liu Zhiji:

Tang Dynasty, the editor of Shi Tong, was the first historical critic in China.

Du You:

Tang people wrote the General Code, which is the first general history of China's laws and regulations system.

Sima Guang:

Zi Tongzhi Jian, compiled by people in the Northern Song Dynasty, is the first masterpiece in history.

Yuan Shu:

The Song people who took the chronicle as a mirror created the genre of chronicle.

Gu:

Ming and Qing scholars, the author of "Diseases in Counties and Counties in the World".

Zuo Qiuming (about 502 BC-about 422 BC): Du Jun (now Shandong) was named Qiu Ming, because his father was a historian, so he was called Zuo Qiuming. For a long time, due to the limited records of Zuo Qiuming, the author of Zuo Zhuan in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, scholars in previous dynasties argued endlessly about Zuo Qiuming's name. Compound surname, Ming said; It is said that the single surname is Zuo, whose real name is Qiu Ming. However, in history, Zuo Qiuming is a descendant of Jiang Ziya, and the direct Sun Qiu (Qiu) family is more reliable, while the collateral Zuo family is open to question.

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Junzhuang (now Donghengyu Village, Shi Heng Town, Feicheng City, Shandong Province) was born. Historians, writers, thinkers, essayists and militarists in the late Spring and Autumn Period. At the same time or slightly older than Confucius. He used to be a historian of Lu. In order to analyze the Spring and Autumn Annals, he wrote Zuo Zhuan (also called Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals) and Mandarin. He was blind when he wrote Mandarin. The two books recorded many important historical events in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Annals, and preserved original materials with high value. Because of the detailed historical materials and vivid writing, it has aroused the hobbies and discussions of scholars at home and abroad. Confucius and Sima Qian both honored Zuo Qiuming as a "gentleman", known as "Shi Sheng, a scholar" and "the father of politicians". Emperors of past dynasties have many seals: the seal of the Tang Dynasty; Song Feng's flawed Qiu Bo and Du Zhongbo; The Ming dynasty named sages and sages. Tyumen Middle School was built in Feicheng, Shandong Province to commemorate Zuo Qiuming.

Zuo Qiuming is the founder of traditional historiography in China. Historians regard Zuo Qiuming as the originator of China's historiography. Known as "the father of hundred schools of thought, the father of ancient Chinese." Zuo Qiuming's thought is Confucianism, which reflects the interests and demands of the people at that time.

Sima Qian (65438 BC+045 BC-90 BC) was born in xia yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi) and Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi). China was a great historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishiling, was imprisoned for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and later served as the secretariat. He worked hard to complete his own historical records, and was called Shi Qian, Tai Shigong and the father of history by later Buddha.

Sima Qian studied under Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu in his early years, roaming around, learning about customs and collecting rumors. As a first-time doctor, he served in the southwest. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108), he was appointed as the Taishiling, inherited his father's business and wrote history. He created China's first biography and general history book (formerly known as Taishi Gongshu) with the historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, understanding the changes from ancient times to modern times, and making a family statement". It is recognized as a model of China's history books, which records more than 3,000 years' history from the legendary period of the Yellow Emperor to the first year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is the first of the "twenty-five histories" and is praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, and Li Sao has no rhyme".

Ban Gu (32-92), a native of Fufeng Anling (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi), was a famous historian and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Ban Gu was born in a Confucian family, and his father Ban Biao and uncle Ban Si were famous scholars at that time. Under the influence of his father and ancestors, Ban Gu was able to return to literature at the age of nine, recite poetry and fu, and entered imperial academy at the age of sixteen, reading widely and being proficient in Confucian classics and history. In the 30th year of Jianwu (54 years), Ban Biao died and Ban Gu moved back to his hometown from Beijing. On the basis of Ban Biao's Historical Records, he began to write Hanshu, which lasted more than 20 years and was basically completed when he met junior high school. In the first year of Han Yongyuan (89), General Dou Xian led the army to the northern expedition to Xiongnu, and Ban Gu went out with the army as a corps commander to participate in military affairs. After the defeat, Shan Yu wrote the famous Feng Shanming. After Dou Xian usurped power and was killed, Ban Gu was implicated and died in prison at the age of 6 1 year.

Ban Gu wrote a lot in his life. As a historian, Hanshu is another important historical book in ancient China after Shiji, one of the first four histories. As a lyricist, Ban Gu is one of the "four masters of Han Fu", and Er Du Fu pioneered the Kyoto Fu and was included in the first article of Selected Works. At the same time, Ban Gu was also a theorist of Confucian classics, and his White Tiger Yi Tong was a masterpiece of Confucian classics at that time, which made Chen Wei's divinity theorized and codified.

Liu Zhiji (66 1 -72 1) was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). In the first year of Tang Gaozong Yonglong (680), he was a scholar. In the second year of Chang 'an (702), Wu Zetian began to be a historian, writing notes, and successively worked as Zuo Lang, Zuo Shi, Zhu Zuolang, Secretary Shaojian, Prince Zuo Shuzi, and Zuo Sanqi's constant servant, and also studied national history. In the third year of Chang 'an, Zhu Jingze and others wrote eighty volumes of Tang Shu, and Shenlong (705 ~ 707) and Xu Jian wrote Wuhou Lu. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (7 12), he revised the genealogy with genealogist Liu Chong. In the second year of Kaiyuan (7 14), he wrote 200 volumes of genealogy, and in the fourth year, he wrote 20 volumes of Records of Zong Rui with Jason Wu, and rebuilt 30 volumes of Records of Zetian and Records of Zhongzong.

Du You (735-8 12), born in Wannian, Jingzhao (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi), was a politician and historian in the Tang Dynasty.

Du You was born in the Du family of Jingzhao. He has served as a military attache in Jinan, a magistrate of a single county, a magistrate of Runzhou, a foreign minister of the host and guest, a secretariat of Fuzhou, a land and water communications envoy of Jianghuai, an assistant minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs, a secretariat of Raozhou, an ambassador of Lingnan and an ambassador of Huainan.

In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), Du You was promoted to an ordinary official. Later, he went to worship Stuart, supported the salt and iron envoys, and sealed the Duke of Qi. In the seventh year of Yuanhe (8 12), Du You took the post of Taibao and died soon. He was posthumously awarded as a teacher, posthumous title Anjian.

Du You wrote 200 volumes of General Canon in thirty-six years, which created a new genre of compiling history books and a precedent for the history of Chinese historiography.

Sima Guang (1019165438+1October 17- 1086), whose real name is Junshi, was born in Suishui, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province). Politicians, historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty. After the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, he was given Wen's and Wen Guogong's courtesy. Work hard and diligently. Boasting that "the day is insufficient, the night follows", his personality can be called a model under Confucian education and has always been admired.

When Song Renzong was studying, he entered Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. When Song Shenzong was in office, he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. There were many people inside and outside the imperial court who opposed it, and Sima Guang was one of them. After Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang left the imperial court for fifteen years, and presided over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian, the first chronological general history in China history. He wrote many works in his life, mainly historical masterpieces, such as Zi Jian, Guo Wensi's Official Document of Mars, Ji Gu Lu, Su Shui and Xu Qian.

Yuan Shu (517-567), the son of satrap Liang, was born in Xia Dynasty. Beautiful, quiet, good at reading, fondle admiringly. Rich family, deep pockets, fulcrum living alone, no communication, sitting in one room, never traveling, glory as before. He started with secretary Liang, experienced the Prince Sheren, got the master book of Hedong King without pomp, and made contributions to the history of Shaoling King and Xuancheng King. Hou Jing rebellion, pivot to Wu Jun provincial father, because Ding Fu worry. When people are disturbed by all directions, people beg for forgiveness, they mourn and even hear about filial piety. Monk Wang fought for clothes in Hou Jing, the town capital, and lived alone in Doumen, without asking Wen Da. In the first year of Shaotai, he served as assistant minister of Huangmen. I didn't worship, but I rode a regular waiter and served in a middle school. Two years, and official department ministers. The year he was born was the prefect of Xing Wu. Yongding two years, for Zuo Min ministers. Before his arrival, he changed to a middle school and was in charge of the general election. In three years, he moved to the capital, and he was elected as usual.

Gu (1613.7.15-1682.2.15), Han nationality, was born in Qiandeng Town, Kunshan, Nanzhili, Ming Dynasty (now Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province). His real name is Jiang, his real name is Fan Han, and his alias is Ji. After the defeat, it was renamed because it admired Wen Tianxiang Student Wang. Because there is Lin Ting Lake next to the former residence, scholars respect Mr. Lin Ting very much. Outstanding thinkers, historians, geographers and phonologists in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, together with Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi, are called "three great Confucianism" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

He traveled all his life, taking Wan Li Road and learning from thousands of books. He founded a new learning method and became a master in the early Qing Dynasty, and was known as the "founder of the Qing Dynasty". Gu is knowledgeable, and has studied the national code system, anecdotes of counties and cities, astronomical phenomena, canals, military farmers, hundreds of classics and histories, and phonological exegesis. In his later years, he emphasized textual research, which opened the atmosphere of park learning in Qing Dynasty. His knowledge is based on erudition and self-shame, and he learns from time to time, and if he learns well, he becomes an official. Poetry is a masterpiece when feelings are hurt.

His major works include Records of the Day, Diseases in the Country under the Heaven, Zhao Yuzhi, Five Tones, Phonological Tone, Ancient Phonological Table, Poetic Original Phonology, Tang Yunzheng, Phonology, Records of the Stone, and Lin Ting's Poems.