The cost price introduces 250 words of guide language for residential buildings.

1. Hakka Dwellings In the villages where Hakkas live in Lingnan mountainous areas, people can see many unique, simple and elegant Hakka residential buildings everywhere, such as the Dragon House, the Zouma Building and the Four Corners Building. Among them, the Hakka dragon enclosure is the largest and most famous building in existence, and it is called one of the most characteristic buildings in China by Chinese and foreign architectural scholars.

Dragon House was first built in Tang and Song Dynasties and prevailed in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Hakkas used the most advanced beam-lifting and bucket-piercing technology in the construction technology of the Han nationality in the Central Plains to build dragon houses in hilly areas or hillsides. The main structure is "one entrance, three halls, two compartments and one enclosure". Ordinary enclosure houses occupy 8 mu, 10 mu, and large ones occupy more than 30 mu. Dragon House is a huge fortress of Hakkas. Bedroom, kitchen, hall, well, pigsty, henhouse, toilet, warehouse and other living facilities are all available, which is a typical epitome of China's feudal self-sufficient life. Different from many round dragon houses, the dragon houses around Heyuan are square, which are called "mansion style" and "turret style" Its shape is close to the traditional "quadrangle" in the north and its cultural connotation is deeper. There are more than 30 well-preserved Hakka houses around Xiantangwei Town, Dongyuan County, a suburb. Now this residential building, which has been transformed into a Hakka folk museum for tourists to visit, is a typical representative of Heyuan Dragon House. According to the records, it was built in Qianlong 17 (1749), and the back building was rebuilt and expanded by the owner, with 66 rooms, 24 halls and 12 patios, so this residence is 250 years old.

Tang Xian is a Longwei with large scale, complex structure and exquisite layout. There are not only bedrooms, bathhouses, study rooms and kitchens, but also a four-story pavilion. When you come to the pavilion, if you pay attention, you can notice that there are small square windows on the four walls of each floor. Some people may wonder, is it too stingy to light a lamp in such a small window? What I want to tell you here is that it is mainly a lookout hole and a shooting hole to defend against foreign enemies, and it is convenient to use weapons such as soil guns, soil cannons and bows and arrows to fight against invading enemies. The design of the dragon enclosure was closely related to the situation of Hakkas at that time: Hakkas moved south to remote mountainous areas and were excluded and bullied by local people. In order to keep in line with the outside world, they have to live in groups and build castle-like houses with defensive functions.

The most puzzling thing about this house is that there are so many courtyards and halls. Although this is a deep house, the light passes through several patios, and every corner is much brighter. The main hall is divided into upper, middle and lower floors. It is said that Shangtang is the parking place for a century-old man when he comes back to life; The central hall is a place for ancestor worship and deliberation. Among them, the upper, middle and lower halls are separated by two screens. Generally, when a wedding is held, the screens in the lower hall are opened, and when a centenarian dies, the screens in the two halls are opened. You know what, my friend? Last year, many scenes of the first 10 episode of the TV series "The Story of Hong Kong" broadcast by CCTV to welcome the return of Hong Kong were shot in this Hakka "Grand View Garden".

Whether it is round or square, Longwei has the same characteristics in architecture: taking the north-south meridian as the central axis, east-west symmetry, low in front and high in back, clear primary and secondary, orderly position and regular layout. There are dozens or hundreds of residential units around the hall and patio, which is suitable for dozens, hundreds or even hundreds of people to live in one room. It's really amazing. Nowadays, most Hakka dwellings have been rebuilt, mostly in the form of single-family houses with reinforced concrete structures, and Longwei houses are no longer built, so the remaining Longwei houses are particularly precious. The design and architecture of the enclosure dragon house not only has the primitive details of the Central Plains but also the characteristics of the southern mountainous areas, which integrates science, practicality and appreciation, and shows the outstanding talents and superb skills of Hakka ancestors. Along with quadrangles in Beijing, caves in Shaanxi, "railing style" in Guangxi, and "a letter" in Yunnan, the surrounding dragon house has been praised by Chinese and foreign architectural circles as five characteristic residential buildings in China. Now, the Dragon House has stepped out of the closed mountain and moved towards a vast world. It has become a historical relic and a strange landscape. The exquisite structure, wonderful layout and rich connotation of the Dragon House will leave a deep impression on people. Accustomed to modern high-rise buildings, it is not only a wonderful enjoyment, but also an increase in knowledge to look at antique Hakka dwellings.

2. Hello, friends. Welcome to Yunnan Ethnic Village for sightseeing.

Today, when you come to Yunnan, it is difficult for you to visit all the villages in Yunnan. Therefore, you can see the miniature of Yunnan ethnic customs in a short time by visiting Yunnan ethnic villages and villages.

Yunnan Ethnic Village is located on the bank of Dianchi Lake, 8 kilometers away from the urban area, covering an area of 1.340 mu, facing the famous Xishan Forest Park and other scenic spots across the water. It focuses on the natural village-style national residential buildings of all ethnic groups in Yunnan, integrating ethnic customs, music and dance, and religious culture, with beautiful scenery and picturesque scenery. Since the village was opened in February 1992, 13 ethnic villages such as Dai, Bai, Naxi and Wa have been built and opened. I believe that every scenic spot in the village will leave a deep impression on you and make you linger.

Dear friends, the scene we saw as soon as we entered the gate was called "White Elephant Welcome". Elephants are auspicious symbols in the minds of Dai people, and welcoming guests with white elephants is an auspicious blessing to everyone.

Look at the white tower surrounded by clear water and green trees in the distance. Baita is a symbol of Dai village. Let's visit the Dai village first. People used to call the Dai people living by the water Shui Dai. The Dai people living in mountainous areas are called Han Dai, and the Dai people in Yuanjiang Valley are called Huayao Dai according to their costumes. Shui Dai is the most distinctive village in ethnic villages. Listen, everyone. The Dai family whistled and the young monks played a welcome song for everyone.

When you enter Zhaimen, please visit the Dai village along this red path. On the right is a golden Buddha statue, which shows the Buddhist beliefs of the Dai people. Besides Hinayana Buddhism, Dai people also believe in primitive religions. In a small bamboo building behind this Buddha statue, the Dai Zhai God is enshrined. From this, we can see the diversified characteristics of Dai religious beliefs.

Please look to the left. This is Dai's bamboo house. This bamboo building is a dry column building. Dry rail buildings are common in southern China, and their characteristics are cool and moisture-proof. Please follow me upstairs to visit. Upstairs on the right is the bedroom, the middle is the living room, and there is a balcony outside the hall. Dai people think that their souls and family gods are in the bedroom, and outsiders will disturb the family gods and take their souls away. Therefore, outsiders are not allowed to enter Dai's bedroom. There is a fire pit and tripod in the living room of Zhulou. In the daily life of ethnic minorities in Yunnan, the fireplace occupies a very lofty position, thus forming a mysterious fireplace culture. Get off the bamboo building and go forward, passing the craft building, the amorous feelings building and the flavor building.

Now, there is a tall bamboo building with a spire on our left, which is the Dai Buddhist Temple. Dai belief in Buddhism spread to the south, commonly known as Hinayana Buddhism.

Entering the Buddhist temple, you may find that she is different from our common Mahayana Buddhist temple. Mahayana Buddhism is more religious than Hinayana Buddhism. It deified Sakyamuni and believed that there were buddhas in ten places in the world. Therefore, the Buddha statues in Mahayana Buddhist temples are tall and solemn, and there are many. Hinayana Buddhism only regards it as its ancestor. So its Buddha statues are similar to real people, not so many. So the pattern of Mahayana Buddhism is different. In the way of practice, Mahayana Buddhism advocates that besides monks and nuns, there should be a large number of family members. In this respect, Mahayana Buddhism is more secular. Hinayana Buddhism requires male believers to become monks. Therefore, boys in Dai areas in Yunnan must be monks in temples for a period of time to learn religious and cultural knowledge.

Out of the Buddhist temple, we saw this unique small tower on the roadside, which is Dai's well. Dai people have a particularly deep affection for water. In their minds, water is very sacred, so they especially care for wells. The People's Post of China once issued a set of stamps on Dai Architecture, including Daijia Water Well. Opposite the well are Zhong Ting and Splashing Pavilion, both of which are related to the famous traditional festival of the Dai people-Splashing Festival.

The Water-splashing Festival is the most solemn festival of the Dai people, and it is also a grand festival for the Dai people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. In the middle of June in the Dai calendar, Dai girls dressed in costumes danced a gentle and lovely peacock dance to the cheerful elephant-foot drums and manggongs. In the meantime, with euphemistic singing, water will quietly spill on your clothes.

You don't want to avoid it. This is Dai Jia's auspicious water. Only when you are soaked can you be happy all your life. In 1950s, Premier Zhou came to Banna, not far from Wan Li, to attend the Dai Water-splashing Festival, which showed that the people of the whole country paid great attention to ethnic minorities. This event is also reflected in the commemorative stamp entitled "Zhou Enlai's Birth100th Anniversary".

There is a legend about the Water-splashing Festival: It is said that in ancient times, an evil devil robbed seven girls as his wives. The clever seven girls learned from the mouth of the complacent devil that strangling the devil with their own hair could kill him. The girl did this, and the devil's head rolled down, but when the devil rolled there, there was a fire. In order to put out the fire, seven girls bravely picked up the devil's head and changed it once a year. In order to thank these seven girls, when they rotate every year, people throw water on them to wash away their filth. Since then, the Songkran Festival has been formed.

Further on, we came to the White Pagoda we had seen before. Bypassing the Baita and passing a wooden bridge, we left the Dai village. Unconsciously, I have been to 12 villages that have been built in the whole ethnic village.