The Economy of Zhalainuoer District

1902 after the completion of Zhalainuoer mine, Zhalainuoer developed into a coal industrial city, which has always been in a dominant position and has obvious advantages in the national economic system. Before the 1980s, Zhalainuoer was close to the Soviet Union, emphasizing "political frontier defense" and "military frontier defense". At the same time, it was bound by the planned economy and relied too much on coal resources and state support, which greatly restricted its economic development. Since 1990s, the economic system has been reformed, relying on geographical advantages to develop foreign trade, adjusting the single industrial structure, and the economy has developed rapidly.

In 20 14, the regional GDP of Zhalainuoer District reached 6.07 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2% over 20 13. Investment in fixed assets reached 6.37 billion yuan, an increase of 20 1316%; The total revenue of local finance reached 660 million yuan, an increase of 20 13 years10.7%; The public budget revenue was 366 million yuan, an increase of 20 1319.5%; The public budget expenditure is 52 1 100 million yuan, an increase of13 over 2014.6%; The per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 25,300 yuan, an increase of 7.5% over 20 13. summary

Due to geographical location, climatic conditions and other factors, Zhalainuoer is not suitable for agricultural industrialization, and fishery accounts for more than 70% of the primary industry. In 20 13, the added value of the primary industry in Zhalainuoer district reached 654.38+92.37 million yuan, an increase of 2.7% over 20 12; The proportion of the added value of the primary industry in the GDP decreased from 1 1.5% in 1996 to 3.48% in 20 13 years.

fishery

19 12 years, Hulunbeier autonomous government signed a fishing contract with Russian businessmen, and a large number of Russians entered the Hulun Lake area to engage in fishing. The first fishing peak appeared around 19 17. China people 1920 started fishing. 1928 is the second large-scale fishing period, with more than 30 fishermen (including 18 Russian fishermen), mostly Russian industrial and commercial capitalists and shopkeepers of China commercial banks, and more than 2,000 fishermen. The catch of1913-1932 is 90098 tons. From 1932, the puppet Manchukuo unified management of fisheries. Xing 'an Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., established in June 1940, monopolized the fishery in Hulun Lake, with an annual catch of more than 5,000 tons. After August 1945, Su Qiao Ganning took Japanese assets and hired China people to fish. From 1946 to 1947, a number of fishery cooperatives were established to carry out fishery production under the organized situation of Manzhouli municipal government and fishery trade unions.

1948 Inner Mongolia Fishery Company was established, Hulun Lake was owned by the state, and the fishery was managed in a unified way. 1952 fishery company changed its name to Zhalainuoer General Fisheries Factory, and 1955 changed its name to Dalai Lake Fishing Ground. 1958- 1966 is the highest water level in Hulun Lake in the 20th century, and it is also the third large-scale fishing moratorium. It has increased the number of farms along the lake, changed from seasonal fishing to perennial production, expanded the fishing range along the lake and greatly increased the catch. 1967 ——1979 fishery production stagnated. Since 1980, the aquatic product industry has been reformed, the aquatic product market has been liberalized, and the fishery has developed rapidly and steadily. After 1985, the annual output will be controlled below 10000 tons. 1994 Dalai Lake Fishery was transformed into Dalai Lake Fishery Co., Ltd., 1997 was transformed into Hulun Lake Fishery Group Co., Ltd., and in 2003-2004 Hulun Lake Group was transformed into Hulun Lake Fishery Co., Ltd.. 1998, the lake was affected by the climate drought.

The fishery production in Hulun Lake is mainly carried out in winter and summer, and mainly under the ice in winter. Fishing production methods are divided into two forms: open fishing and ice fishing. Fishing and shrimp catching in winter mainly rely on trawling under the ice; During the open waters, we mainly produce net foil, but also fish with organic boats or hanging nets, pull shrimp with robotic boats, and pull (push) shrimp or shrimp foil on the shore. The aquatic products caught mainly include carp, crucian carp, catfish, white fish, small white fish, pike and shrimp. Aquaculture products include whitebait, whitebait, whitebait, snakehead, river crab, catfish, freshwater fish and mussels.

animal husbandry

Zhalainuoer is a traditional pastoral area. In the first half of the 20th century, hunting was the main economic activity except coal production, mainly hunting marmots, sand foxes, antelopes, muskrats, geese and wild ducks. The livestock are mainly Mongolian cattle, Mongolian horses and Mongolian sheep, and there is no shed, mainly relying on grazing. After 1948, Sanhe horse became the main horse breed. In 1950s, fine-wool sheep, Harbin white pig, Landrace pig, Laikang chicken and other livestock and poultry were introduced, and crossbreeding of cattle, sheep and horses was started, and livestock breeding in house was promoted. Cows and minks were introduced in the 1970s. Since 1980, the policy of "restraining horses from shrinking sheep and developing cattle" has been implemented, and the number of horses has decreased greatly. In the 1980s, professional chicken farmers and large enterprises started chicken farms. 1988 wildlife protection law was promulgated, and hunting of wild animals was prohibited. After the mid-1990s, most units and individuals stopped raising horses. 1995 started to raise foxes. In 2003, a special animal breeding base was established to breed rex rabbits, minks, foxes and raccoons. In 20 13 years, there were 52,000 livestock in Zhalainuoer District, including large livestock 1 10,000, sheep10.6 million and pigs 35,000. The total output of pork, beef and mutton is 2 132 tons, including pork 1830 tons, beef 60 tons and mutton 242 tons. The output of wool is 45 tons.

agriculture

The agriculture in Zhalainuoer District belongs to suburban agriculture, which mainly produces vegetables and fruits. The main varieties are potato, tomato, cucumber, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, pepper, eggplant, watermelon, cantaloupe and so on. Wheat, peas, beets, corn and other crops are also grown. 1904, immigrants began to reclaim land and grow vegetables near Lingquan. 1960 carried out "land reclamation", and the cultivated land area reached 2364.5 hectares, which was reduced to 1260.6438+0 hectares in 1967. In the mid-1970s, greenhouses and agricultural machinery became popular. During the period of 1976, major factories and mines in Zhalainuoer reclaimed cultivated land and established farms, and the cultivated land area reached the highest value of 2945.2 hectares during the period of 1979. Since then, cultivated land has been greatly reduced. Since 2000, facility agriculture and export-oriented agriculture have been developed. In 20 13, the cultivated land area in Zhalainuoer District is 1 17 hectares.

Collection industry

Zhalainuoer grassland is vast and sparsely populated, with abundant wild plant resources. At the beginning of the 20th century, Russians began to mow grass with mowing machinery, and then gradually formed a scale, mowing 6.55 million kilograms in 1949. In addition, domestic residents spontaneously collect wild vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, aquatic plants and edible fungi. Before the 1980s, about 3,500-4,000 kilograms of wild vegetables, 600-700 kilograms of wild fruits, 400 kilograms of Chinese herbal medicines, 20,000 tons of reeds and 7,500 kilograms of edible fungi were collected every year. Since 1980, the collection of medicinal materials has increased sharply, with an annual collection of more than 5000 kilograms. After the promulgation of 1985 grassland law, the collection of medicinal materials decreased sharply. Since the 1990s, due to the change of ecological environment and other reasons, the activities of weeding and collecting wild vegetables, edible fungi, reeds and herbs have become less and less, and the output has decreased year by year. summary

The secondary industry in Zhalainuoer District consists of extractive industry, processing and manufacturing industry, power production and supply industry and construction industry, among which extractive industry is dominant. In the structure of industrial output value since the founding of New China, heavy industry has always accounted for more than 70%, industries owned by the whole people have always accounted for more than 80%, and the output value of industrial enterprises in the central, autonomous regions and allied cities has always accounted for more than 97% before the mid-1990s. 1958- 196 1 year is the first climax of local industrial development. After 1980s, the development of local industries entered the second climax, and the proportion of local industries increased from 1995 to 1.48% and reached 22.82% in 2005.

In 20 13 years, the added value of the secondary industry in Zhalainuoer District reached 2,232.53 million yuan, an increase of 14.9% over 20 12 years, of which the industrial added value was1946.55 million yuan, an increase over 20 12 years. There are 0/3 industrial enterprises above designated size, with an output value of 3.24 billion yuan and a total profit of-464 million yuan. The proportion of the added value of the secondary industry in GDP dropped from 53.0% in 1996 to 40.4% in 20 13.

mining industry

With the signing of 1902 "Sino-Russian Heilongjiang Coal Mine Treaty", Russia obtained the mining rights along the Heilongjiang and Dong Qing railways. In September of the same year, Polonikov Mine was established and was under the jurisdiction of Dong Qing Railway Committee. 1910-1924 coal mine is run by Russian capitalists, and1924 is jointly run by China and the Soviet Union. 1903- 1924 * * produces 4.589 million tons of coal. 1in may, 934, the coal mine was under the jurisdiction of Manzhouli carbon mine co., ltd. During the Japanese occupation, the coal mine authorities built 10 inclined shaft, 3 vertical shafts and 1 open pit mine. There are 1943 * * 8 coal mines and 3 open-pit coal mines.

1946, * * * The road protection team of Ximan Branch took over the coal mine and resumed production. 1952 ——1956 Slag Mine was successively assigned to Harbin Railway Bureau, Northeast Coal Administration Bureau and Harbin Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Coal Industry. 1958 10, Zhalainuoer Coal Mine was changed to Zhalainuoer Mining Bureau, with Lingquan Coal Mine, Xishan Coal Mine and Infrastructure Engineering Department under it; In 65438+February of the same year, the Mining Bureau was placed under the leadership of Inner Mongolia Fuel Industry Department. 1965 Mining Bureau changed back to coal mine organizational system. 1970 coal mine was placed under the Heilongjiang Provincial Coal Administration Bureau. 1972, restore the organizational system of Zhalainuoer Mining Bureau. 1979 Mining Bureau was placed under the leadership of Inner Mongolia Coal Industry Department, and 1983 was placed under the leadership of Northeast Inner Mongolia Coal Industry Joint Company. 1985, the Ministry of Coal Industry approved Zhalainuoer Mining Bureau as a ground (division) level unit. 1994 Northeast Inner Mongolia Coal Industry Joint Company disintegrated, and Zhalainuoer Mining Bureau was managed by the Ministry of Coal Industry and Inner Mongolia Coal Department. From 65438 to 0999, Zhalainuoer Mining Bureau was renamed Zhalainuoer Coal Industry Company and became a member of Hulunbeier Coal Industry Group Company. In 2000, Zhamei Company was transformed into a wholly state-owned company. In 2002, Zhamei Company, a subsidiary of Suimei Coal Group, was placed under the management of Hulunbeier City. In 2007, Huaneng Group, a central enterprise, reorganized Zhamei Company and became a subsidiary of Huaneng Hulunbeier Company. In 20 13, Zhamei Company produced 5.67 million tons of coal/kloc-0, with main business income of 2.68 billion yuan and profit of-530 million yuan.

In addition, Zhalainuoer District opened a small coal mine at 1949, and Wuqi Coal Mine (Zhalainuoer Mining Area Coal Mine) was established at 1969. In 1970s and 1980s, a number of small coal mines were set up in order to resettle the educated youth who went to the countryside and seek benefits for the employees of various units. The post-Mining Bureau and the mining area allowed private mining of tailings and residual pillars of the Mining Bureau's coal mines, and there were more than 30 small coal mines in the mid-1980s. 1988 set up the second coal mine in the mining area to rectify the mining order of small coal mines. The sixth coal mine in mining area was established in 1996. In 2000, all the small coal mines in China were closed.

In addition to coal mining, 1977 established the Zhalainuoer quarry behind the western hills of the mining area. 1980, the quarry has 40 employees and produces 2000 cubic meters of gravel. After 1985, the output value continued to decline, and the enterprise lost money. 1993 stopped production.

power industry

1903, the Russians installed a 220v DC generator set for coal mine production. Two DC power stations were built in the 1920s. 1934 Japanese set up power generation workshop. 1938 The first low-temperature and low-pressure thermal power plant was built. By 1945, there will be 3 units and 3 boilers with an installed capacity of 4,240 kilowatts.

During the period of 1952, all equipment in Zhalainuoer Power Plant resumed normal operation. 1962 power plant is under Hulunbeier electric power bureau. 1962 ——1982 Mining Bureau transferred four train power stations to ease the power supply shortage. After several expansions, Zhalainuoer Power Plant has 6 boilers and 5 turbogenerators at 1966, with a total installed capacity of 9840 kW. In the 1970s, the electricity consumption in the surrounding areas increased sharply, so a new Lingquan power plant with 4 machines and 4 boilers with an installed capacity of 62,000 kilowatts was built in 1974- 1985. 1975 the on-board power station is connected to the power plant for power generation. Zhalainuoer Power Supply Bureau was established in 1980, and Zhalainuoer Power Plant was renamed Zhalainuoer Power Plant, which changed from integration of power generation and power supply to separation of power generation and power supply. 1982, Zhalainuoer Power Plant stopped running due to outdated equipment. Lingquan Power Plant was merged into Lingxi Power Grid on 1983, and became the main power plant and peak shaving and frequency modulation plant of Lingxi Power Grid. In 2004, a 2×200 MW deep energy thermal power plant was built in Manzhouli. In 2009, the 200,000 kW deep energy wind power project started construction. 20 1 1 year, China resources will build 65438+ million kilowatts wind power generation projects. 20 14 years electricity generation in Zhalainuoer district16.9 billion kwh. 20 15, Shenzhen energy 200 kv photovoltaic power generation project started construction.

industrial park

Zhalainuoer Industrial Park, located in the south of Zhaqu, is an autonomous district-level industrial park, which was established in 2003. The planned area in 2004 is 10.98 square kilometers. In 2005, it was renamed as a heavy chemical industrial base and later changed to an industrial park. Since the establishment of the park, it has attracted various enterprises such as thermoelectric, wind power, photoelectricity, coal chemical industry, metallurgy, building materials, import and export processing, etc. As of 20 13, there are 33 enterprises in the park. The planned land area of the industrial park in 20 14 is 5 1 km2, and six industrial sectors, including comprehensive energy utilization, chemical industry, smelting and new building materials, equipment manufacturing and service, are planned, with chemical industry and smelting as the leading industries, forming a cross-regional spatial development pattern of "one park and two bases". summary

The tertiary industry in Zhalainuoer District consists of circulation enterprises and service enterprises, among which circulation enterprises are dominant. In 20 13 years, the added value of the tertiary industry in Zhaqu reached 31.0183 million yuan, accounting for 56. 12% of GDP from 35.50% in 1996.

Commerce and trade

During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, there were business travelers from Mongolia and businessmen sitting in the territory. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the opening of Dong Qing Railway and the construction of Zhalainuoer Mine, the number of Chinese and Russian businessmen increased gradually. 19 14 when the first world war broke out, Russian businessmen flocked to Manzhouli to do business with Zhalainuoer in order to supply their own military supplies, and individual businesses and restaurants expanded rapidly. By 1920, "Bazaar City" (Russian means "market") has become the commercial center of Zhalainuoer. 1929 Business depression after the Middle East Road incident. During the Japanese occupation, all materials were monopolized by the Japanese, and business was depressed. After 1946, individual and private enterprises developed. 1948 Zhalainuoer established mass cooperatives (reorganized as supply and marketing cooperatives the following year) and workers' consumption cooperatives. 1956 commercial "public-private partnership", established Zhalainuoer public-private partnership corporation. Later, state-owned commercial companies such as department stores, vegetables and groceries, sugar industry, tobacco and alcohol, and catering services were established one after another. After 1964, all individual economies are prohibited. After 1978, individual industrial and commercial households and markets gradually resumed development. 1985, the first comprehensive farmers' market was built in the mining area. Lingquan Market was built in 1989. People's market and open-air vegetable and fruit wholesale market were built in the 1990s. After 1992, with the development and opening up of border cities in Manzhouli, individual and private businesses gradually replaced state-owned businesses. In 2000, the department store went bankrupt and reorganized, and was acquired by Zheshang in 2003. In 2005, the mining market management service center governed six markets, with more than 600 merchants and a transaction volume of more than 70 million yuan. In 20 14, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Zhalainuoer district reached 4 billion yuan, an increase of13% compared with 20 13; There are 30 foreign trade enterprises with a total import and export value of 65.438+53 billion yuan, an increase of 654.38+04.3%.

tourism

In 2002, Zhalainuoer Mining Area Foreign Trade Tourism Bureau was established. In 2005, Zhalainuoer National Mine Park was planned and constructed. In 20 13, Zhaqu planned to build "one belt and four gardens" (the cultural industry belt from the Paleolithic site of Mushroom Mountain in Zhalainuoer to Dalai Lake, Zhalainuoer Cultural Park, National Historical Cultural Park, Mining Cultural Park and Lake Wetland Cultural Park), initially forming a set of sightseeing, leisure vacation, eating, living and swimming. In 20 14, the number of Zhaqu tourists exceeded 2.2 million. 20 15, Zhalainuoer Hot Spring Leisure Tourism Resort (National Fishing Theme Tourism Resort) was put into operation.