What are the living customs of people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau?

Folk characteristics of Qinghai-Tibet region: Qinghai-Tibet region is located in the southwest of China, west of Hengduan Mountains, north of Himalayan Mountains, south of Kunlun Mountains, Altun Mountains and Qilian Mountains, including Qinghai Province in Xizang Autonomous Region, southwest of Gansu in western Sichuan and southern border areas of Xinjiang. The area accounts for about 25% of the whole country, and the population is less than 1% of the whole country. This is a Tibetan community in China. Xizang Autonomous Region borders Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal and other countries. Most of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is over 4,000 meters above sea level. It is the largest plateau in China and the highest in the world, and is known as the "roof of the world". It is the highest altitude and the largest plateau lake area in the world, with more than 1000 lakes, of which Qinghai Lake covers an area of 4,340 square meters. The Qinghai-Tibet region has become a unique region because of its towering terrain. The Qinghai-Tibet region is known as the "roof of the world" with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. Another remarkable natural feature brought by "high" is "cold". Many peaks are covered with snow all year round and glaciers are widely distributed. Qinghai-Tibet region is a valley agriculture, mainly distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin. Planting highland barley and wheat. And animal husbandry, in some alpine pastures. People in Qinghai-Tibet still have some unique folk customs, such as Thangka and murals. Hui, Islam and other people who live there also celebrate Ramadan. Because of its height,

The air is dry and thin,

It is stronger and the temperature is lower. Because of its complicated and changeable terrain,

The climate changes greatly in different areas. Generally speaking, there is less rainfall on the plateau.

It is also an important factor affecting the earth's climate. According to paleontology and geology, the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has greatly changed the global climate. As a tall wind screen, it effectively blocks the cold air from the northern mainland from entering South Asia. meanwhile

Blocking the warm and humid air from the south from moving northward is an important factor causing the rainy season in South Asia. Traditional Tibetan folk songs and dances are the crystallization of Tibetan folk literature. They use metaphors, associations and personification to describe Tibetan life, customs, feelings between men and women or historical stories. Tibetan heroes are heroic and often dance at the climax, so Tibetan songs and dances are formed by singing and dancing. "Fruit Dance Harmony" is the most common Tibetan group dance. Men, women and children form a circle hand in hand, and suddenly start to step on the ground with the rhythm, singing and dancing. In the past, it was a custom for men and women to get together and dance with fruit, but now it has been mixed. "jump

"It is also a group dance. Young men and women dance with the accompaniment of Hu Qin. The content mostly describes the love between men and women or the field work in the countryside." Zhuo and Reba are Tibetan songs and dances with superb skills and unrestrained movements. Zhuo is very popular in southern Tibet, where dancers wear drums and dance while playing; Reba is popular in eastern Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places. A man and a woman dance in a circle, holding a bronze bell, a drum in one hand and a mallet in the other. Tibetan opera is called "Tibetan opera" in Tibetan

",is a combination of singing and dancing, white, plot.

. According to legend, Tibetan opera originated in the 15th century, but matured after the 17th century. There is no specific stage or set for the performance of traditional Tibetan opera. Generally speaking, performers will sing in the squares of cities and villages. The actors will form a circle in the square, and when it is their turn to appear, they will perform. The rest of the time, they will act as chorus in the team. Because it is an outdoor performance, the singing of Tibetan opera is loud and the pronunciation is very long, forming a kind of drawl. Performing a dance after singing is the basic structure of Tibetan opera. Wearing a mask is a major feature of traditional Tibetan opera. The masks of Tibetan opera are unique and realistic. There are mainly two kinds of masks: God and man wear flat masks, and yaks, dogs and other animals wear three-dimensional masks. Tibetan opera performances are generally divided into Wimbledon, Xiongdi and Tashi. Wimbledon is the prelude, Xiongdi is the main content of the performance, and Tashi is a short fundraising ceremony after the main performance. The themes of traditional Tibetan operas are mostly religious, including Buddhist allusions, historical stories and myths and legends. "

",Zhuowasam, prince nuosang, Miss Lanza,"

Baima Wenba, Dunyue Dunzhu and Chimei Gundeng are eight famous Tibetan operas. Sutton Festival (Tibetan Opera Festival) in the Tibetan calendar from the end of June to the beginning of July is the climax of Tibetan opera performances in a year. Tibetans gather in Karin to eat yogurt and watch Tibetan opera. There is a rumor in traditional customs that Tibetans only bathe three times in their lives, the first time when they are born, the second time when they get married and the third time when they die. Everyone who has been to Tibet now knows that this is obviously nonsense, but it can be seen that, like the customs of all ethnic groups in the mainland, childbirth, marriage and funeral are the three most important events in the life of Tibetans. In the past, Tibetans thought it was filthy for women to be pregnant and give birth, so pregnant women were often driven to the cowshed to give birth. This custom leads to poor sanitary conditions for women during childbirth, and babies often die. At present, the status of Tibetan women has obviously improved, and the concept of paying attention to production hygiene has gradually spread. Pregnant women can give birth at home or in hospitals. Babies have received considerable attention since they were born, especially baby boys, which is also something to celebrate among Tibetans. On the third day (the fourth day for girls), relatives and friends came to congratulate with gifts. On entering the door, relatives and friends first present Hada to the mother and baby, then propose a toast, pour tea, say some auspicious words, and then pinch a little Ciba on the baby's forehead to wish the child a smooth growth. This ceremony is called "side color", which means "cleaning up the filth", that is, cleaning up the filth in the production process, so that children can grow up healthily. After the full moon, the children will go out to worship, go to the temple to burn incense, and then visit relatives and friends. Tibetans are superstitious that children will be caught by the devil when they die young, so babies must choose auspicious days when they go out for the first time, and in order to avoid being discovered by the devil, the baby's nose needs to be smeared with a little pot ash so that the devil can't see him. Naming is an important thing for Tibetans, and it must be presided over by a living Buddha or a respected elder in the temple, usually after the ceremony of becoming a monk. If children are asked to name the living Buddha, most of them are religious names, such as Ram (Fairy), Danba (Buddhism), Tashi (Auspicious) and Pincuo (Perfect). Some names express parents' expectations, such as "Puchi" (recruiting younger brother) and "Queba" (up to now). Sometimes parents deliberately give their children unlucky names, such as "Qijia" (shit), to scare away the devil. The marriage system with Tibetans used to be monogamous.

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At the same time, monogamy is widely used now. Only in remote nomadic areas, because of the hardships of life, the lack of a wife can reduce expenses, and the phenomenon that several brothers * * * marry a wife still exists. Tibetan young men and women are either free to fall in love or meet each other on blind dates. Before they decide to get married, they must combine eight characters. If the eight characters match, the man proposes Hada to the woman, and then formally holds an engagement ceremony on auspicious day. After the engagement ceremony, they began to prepare for the wedding. The day before the wedding ceremony, the man must send the bride's dress and jewelry to the woman's home for use the next day. On the wedding day, the man took a pregnant mare as the bride's mount and let the wedding representative take it to the woman's house.