Model of the Earth for educational and military use

Model

Editorial

An object (not the same as an object, not limited to physical or virtual, flat or three-dimensional) that expresses its purpose through subjective consciousness by means of a physical or virtual manifestation, and constitutes an objectively articulated form or structure.

Models are divided into physical models (physical objects with volume and weight) and virtual models (forms composed of electronic data in the form of digital representations and other practical manifestations).

Model display form is divided into flat display and three-dimensional display (logo is a kind of flat display such as atlas example).

Substantial model from the form of expression is divided into static model (physical relative static, itself does not have the power system of energy conversion, not in the external force under the performance of the structure and form of the integrity of the composition), power model (based on static model, with the help of external kinetic energy, does not change the structure of its own performance, through the physical movement of the detection of the structure of the object of a structural connection relationship), and kinetic model (through the energy conversion method to produce kinetic energy, in its own The dynamic model (can produce kinetic energy through energy conversion, has a power conversion system in its own structure, in the process of energy conversion to show the form of relatively continuous physical movement).

Virtual model is divided into virtual static model, virtual dynamic model, virtual fantasy model.

Model ≠ commodity. Any object defined as a commodity before the research and development process form is a model, when the definition of the model, specifications and match the corresponding price, the model will be presented in the form of commodities.

Things can change (human behavior) with the change of concept (human thinking), then the thing is the model of the concept. The fundamentals of a model are composition and representation. Concepts can make many models change, such as changing the function, aesthetics, application, timeliness, and other different purposes of the model. By relying on different concepts thereby changing the nature and form of the next stage of product, this is the root of the evolution of human civilization (spiritual and material forms).

Models are the objects formed by the human mind through the expression of the ideology constituted by the human mind.

Chinese Name

Model

Foreign Name

MODEL

Brief Definition of Model

Objects through which consciousness expresses its purpose virtually with the help of an entity

Continuity of Models

Mine-able, Creative, Extendable, and Enhancable

Catalog

1 Words Concepts

Basic Information

Basic Explanation

Citation Explanation

2 Classification

Classification by Use

Classification by Presentation

Classification by Product Attributes

Classification by Technology

Classification by Material

3 Physical Models

4 Mathematical Models

5 Structural Models

6 Industrial Models

7 Simulation Models

8 Other Models

Footwear Models

3D Models

Human Resource Models

Thinking Models

9 Model Brands

China

Korea

Japan

Europe

Word Concepts

Editorial

Basic Information

Word: model

Pinyin: mó xíng

Note: ㄇ,ˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ

English: model[1]

Basic Explanation

(1) [model; pattern]

(2) Pattern, style.

Two models different women.

(3) An object made to scale according to its shape and structure.

There were model airplanes at the exhibition.

(4) [mold;mould]

(5) A mold used for making sand models.

(6) A tool for making a material into a certain shape by pressing or pouring. Commonly known as "mold". [1]

(7) people according to the specific purpose of the study, under certain assumptions, reproduce the prototype (antetype) object structure, function, attributes, relationships, processes, and other essential features of the material form or form of thinking;

(8) systematic modeling: the entity under study to make the necessary simplifications, and with the appropriate form of realization or rules to describe the main features of it. characteristics are described. The resulting imitation of the system is called a model.

Citation Explanation

1. Judaic pattern, style.

Huang Ren (<清文汇>序)："Sentence combing and character pectinology, book eyebrow and tail, citing rope and ink, and setting up a model." Lu Xun, "Gleanings from Collected Works-<Selected Paintings by Biazile> Small Introduction": "He gathered all the inconsistent things in the world into a pile, and made them weave into consistency with his own model." Softstone, "February" V: "One morning, one afternoon, I was exposed to two different models of the female bottom of the feelings of the droplets, I almost brought myself to paralyze!"

2. An object made to scale according to the shape and structure of a physical object, mostly used in exhibitions or experiments.

Ding Ling, "Crushed Heart": "Pingding had heard stories of trains, and had seen trains in paintings, and a model was displayed in the window of the Commercial Press in Taiyuan." Shatin, "Air Defense": "However, except for the model, he had never seen the real thing."

3. A mold for casting.

4. When casting, a tool used to make sand molds. Mostly made of wood. [1]

Classification

Editing

Classification by use

Real estate models (which can be divided into residential models, commercial models, household models, villa models, landmarks), urban planning models, regional models, digital models, environmental landscape models, program models, industrial models (which can be divided into military models, mechanical models, vehicle models), bridge models etc.;

Categorized by the form of expression

Modern architectural models, models;

Categorized by the product attributes

Commercial nature of the model, the model of the public **** building facilities;

Categorized by the technology

Traditional models, digital sand table, multimedia models, virtual roaming, half-environmental painting model, interactive projection sand table, etc.;

Categorized by material

Wooden model, crystal model, ABS resin model, metal model, etc..

Models can take a variety of different forms, there is no uniform principle of classification. According to the manifestation of the model can be divided into physical model, mathematical model, structural model and simulation model.

Physical models

Edit

Also known as solid models[2], they can also be divided into physical models and analogical models.

Aeronautical model (9 pictures)

①Physical model: according to the theory of similarity manufactured in accordance with the original system proportionally reduced (can also be enlarged or the same size as the original system) of the physical object, such as wind tunnel experiments in the model of the aircraft, the experimental model of the hydrodynamic system, architectural models, ship models and so on.

② analogical model: in different areas of physics (mechanics, electricity, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, etc.) of the system of their respective variables are sometimes subject to the same law, according to this *** with the law can be made in a completely different physical meaning of the analogical and analogical model. For example, under certain conditions by the throttle valve and the pressure response of the pneumatic system composed of gas capacitance and a circuit composed of resistance and capacitance of the output voltage characteristics of a similar law, so it can be easier to experiment with the circuit to simulate the pneumatic system.

Aerospace models (7 photos)

Mathematical models

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A class of models described in mathematical language. A mathematical model[3] may be one or a set of algebraic equations, differential equations, difference equations, integral equations, or statistical equations, or some appropriate combination thereof, by which the interrelationships or causal relationships between the variables of a system are described quantitatively or qualitatively. In addition to mathematical models described by equations, there are also models described by other mathematical tools such as algebra, geometry, topology, and mathematical logic. It is important to note that mathematical models describe the behavior and characteristics of the system rather than the actual structure of the system.

Structural models

Editorial

Models that primarily reflect the structural characteristics and causal relationships of a system[4]. An important class of structural models are graphical models. In addition the room-and-compartment model (see Room-and-compartment model identification), which is commonly used in biological systems analysis, and so on, also belong to structural models. Structural modeling is an effective means of studying complex systems.

Industrial models

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Definition:Industrial models[5] , commonly known as handboards, first-board models, and rapid prototyping, are mainly produced by CNC machining, laser rapid prototyping, and silicone molds for small batch production. Industrial model is widely used in industrial new product design and development stage, in the shortest possible time to process and design consistent physical model. Designers can confirm the appearance of the product and test the function, so as to improve the design scheme, reduce the development cost, shorten the development cycle, and quickly obtain the customer's approval.

Computer models (4)

Applications:

Digital products (cell phones, telephones, USB, headphones, cameras).

Home appliances medical products (TV sets, computers, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, printers, copiers, washing machines, kettles, massagers, ultrasound machines).

3. Auto parts (car dashboard, door, car air conditioning, car DVD lights, reverse disk, bumper).

Today's industrial models are not as simple as handboards, which have been transformed from digital products, home medical products and automobile parts into large-scale mechanical models and engineering models. It is even larger than architectural models, and the difficulty factor of the process is further increased.

Simulation model

Editorial

A model expressed through a program running on a digital, analog, or hybrid computer. Using an appropriate simulation language or program,

Nautical models (6 images)

Physical, mathematical and structural models can generally be transformed into simulation models[6]. Regarding the effects of different control strategies or design variables on the system, or the possible effects of certain perturbations on the system, it is preferable to conduct experiments on the system itself, but this is not always feasible. The reasons for this are manifold, e.g., the experimentation may be expensive; the system may be unstable and the experimentation may disturb the equilibrium of the system and cause danger; the time constant of the system is very large and the experimentation will take a long time; the system to be designed does not exist yet. In such cases, it is effective to build a simulation model of the system. For example, the methanation process of organisms is an adiabatic fermentation process that produces methane due to decomposition by bacteria. Based on the knowledge of biochemistry it is possible to build a simulation model of the process, to find the optimal steady state value of the process by computer and to study various starting methods. These studies are almost impossible to perform on the system itself, because it is technically difficult to keep the process in steady state and the start-up of the biomethanation reaction is slow and takes several weeks. However, if a (simulation) model is used to simulate the process on a computer, the start-up process of the methanation reaction takes only a few minutes.

Digital models, also known as digital sand table, multimedia sand table, digital sand table system, etc., it is a three-dimensional approach to modeling, simulation of a three-dimensional buildings, scenes, effects, can be in the digital scene at will to roam, gallop, fly, zoom, from the whole to the local and then from the local to the whole, without limitations. Three-dimensional digital technology to build a three-dimensional digital city, virtual model room, traffic bridge simulation, three-dimensional visualization of landscape planning, ancient three-dimensional simulation, mechanical industrial equipment simulation demonstration with the help of pc machines, display systems play a role in displaying, explaining, commanding, explaining and so on. Multimedia sand table is the use of projection equipment combined with physical planning model, through the precise alignment, the production of dynamic plane animation, and projected onto the physical sand table, thus producing dynamic changes in the new physical model of the form of expression.

Digital model through sound, light, electricity, images, three-dimensional animation and computer program control technology and physical model integration, you can fully reflect the characteristics of the display content, to achieve a fantastic, changing dynamic visual effects. For visitors is a new experience, and can produce a strong **** Ming. Digital model is the largest and earliest model design and production company by the domestic Shenzhen Saino model put forward a new concept. Its self-developed digital simulation technology has been awarded a national patent, and in its Shaoguan Planning Office, Shaoguan city overall planning project on the specific embodiment. Digital model of this new term will be in the near future to replace the traditional architectural models, jumping into the display content of another new highlights. Digital model beyond the monotonous entity model sand table display, in the traditional sand table on the basis of increased multimedia automation program, fully expresses the characteristics of the district, the four seasons change and other rich dynamic visual effects. It is a brand-new experience for customers, which can produce a strong sense of visual shock. Customers can also choose to watch the corresponding display content through the touch screen, simple and convenient, greatly improving the interactive effect of the entire display.

Other Models

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Football Lottery Model

Since the result of the soccer lottery is not random, but is related to all aspects of the team's factors, the most important of which is the team's actual

trend curve

power. As a result, certain patterns emerge in the results of betting, and it is by using these patterns, combined with basic mathematical principles and methods, that we have proposed and implemented a sales-independent prediction method for soccer lottery prizes. The method can be used as a filtering method for soccer lottery betting to help players reduce their investment.

The probabilistic model of football lottery investment[7] is a model of 2 series 1 betting combinations of betting on soccer through the analysis of massive historical betting data and according to a special algorithm, and each model can be visualized graphically to see its trend pattern. According to the model's trend graph combined with the model's parameter judgment, you can seize the most valuable investment interval, avoid risk and improve investment returns.

Through certain theories and algorithms, the analysis and calculation of massive historical betting data and parameters can be derived from the betting soccer 2 series 1 betting combination model. You can directly bet on the model instead of the game to achieve the effect of reducing the risk of betting to improve the rate of return. The actual fact that you can't get the most out of your own personal computer is a good thing.

Based on the trend and parameters to choose a suitable model for their own betting, can control the risk and improve the return on investment; on the basis of the model, through the search for the law and analysis, the development of a plan to choose the model and betting strategy, can help the players will be soccer play from the blind betting into rational investment.

3D model

In 3DMAX,MAYA and other software, you can make 3D model, can be used for interior design, three-dimensional film and television, three-dimensional game and other fields.

3D model consists of vertices (vertex), the vertices are connected into triangles and quadrilaterals, and ultimately by countless polygons to form a complex three-dimensional model.

Human Resource Model

There are many kinds of resources used by the enterprise, but "all the material factors can be developed and utilized only through the human factors", therefore, "human" is the most valuable resource, which has been generally recognized. This has been universally recognized. Based on this *** knowledge, people have realized that "the essence of management is to manage people", thus, people-centered management has become a modern management *** with the development trend, human resource management has become the most core content of enterprise management.

The first is the internal force, that is, the workers themselves have a better ability to create value for the enterprise and internal drive.

The second is the pull, that is, pulling and guiding employees to have the direction and goal of working hard to improve their ability, equivalent to someone in front of him to pull him forward. The implementation of the pulling force, mainly by the traction mechanism, the core is the corporate culture system and training and development system, in addition to job descriptions, qualification standards, career system.

The third is the control force, is to monitor and check the degree of staff efforts, the effect of the work, the constraints on the path forward, to amend the direction of the staff to move forward. It is equivalent to someone on the side of the supervision and guide him forward. The implementation of control, mainly by the constraint mechanism, the core is the performance appraisal system, in addition to employee behavioral norms, qualification system.

The fourth is pressure. Is to exert pressure and spur employees, eliminating poor performance, difficult to improve the ability or subjective work of employees who do not work hard. The implementation of pressure, mainly by the competitive elimination mechanism, the core is the final elimination system and the competitive induction system, in addition to the personnel exit system, competence assessment and so on.

The fifth is thrust, which is to promote and incentivize employees to continuously improve their ability to continue to work hard, equivalent to someone behind to push him forward. The implementation of thrust, mainly by the incentive mechanism, the core is the pay incentive system set up, in addition to authorization set up, career management, etc..

Thinking model

The use of simple and easy to understand graphics, symbols, structured language, etc. to express people's thinking and problem-solving forms, collectively referred to as the thinking model.

Model brands

Editorial

China

Chuangyuan Model (Tianjin Chuangyuan Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.) is a company specializing in the processing of 1:1 high-fidelity models, living in the industry's leading innovative, state-of-the-art technology-based enterprises.

DONART was founded in 1999, is a professional engaged in high-precision alloy model, military model development and manufacturing production enterprises.

Infinite model (HSP): Hong Kong high-speed model limited company and its mainland general distribution - infinite model. Domestic leading remote control model brand. Main sales products are engine cars, car fuel, upgrade accessories, and agent of Japan INFINITY engine, Taiwan SH engine and VX engine.

The trumpeter (TRUMPETER) is located in Guangdong on behalf of the PLA military model. HOBBY BOSS is the foreign trade brand of the trumpeter.

MILLION CITY: Million City China Limited (Shanghai Jingrui Industrial Co., Ltd.) mainly produces electric simulation trains.

Weilong / Hong Kong Dragon (DRAGON): located in Hong Kong, China, 35 combat vehicles is Weilong's home theme, Weilong model is characterized by the opening of the model is detailed and complex, the whole spelling of plastic tracks, etched pieces, metal gun barrels, reasonably priced, cost-effective, but the combination of complexity, do not recommend that the primary model players to choose. Veyron also has an absolute dominant position in the 1/35 soldier world.

Weijun (BRONCO): a model brand in Ningbo, China, focuses on producing 35th scale chariots, soldiers and tracks and other accessories, with generally better details, but more cumbersome assembly.

WAR EAGLE (AFV) Taiwanese model brand, represented by Taiwanese and US military models.

Universal (Matchbox, MATCHBOX): UK/China, Matchbox.

Zhengdefu (Kitech): its wide range of subjects, and there are some models in a long period of time for its exclusive, such as the subject of the Beiyang naval division.

Fuwan (FUWAN): In fact, Fuwan FUMAN, can be seen as a branch of Japan Bandai BANDAI in China, was founded in May 1985, is China's toys in the field of the first Sino-Japanese-Hong Kong joint venture, by the Chinese side of Fujian and the Japanese Bandai modeling company, FUWAN (HONG KONG) LIMITED*** with the same business.

Central Asia Boao (BOAO): one of the Beijing brand model.

Huanuo model (EGM): China's model industry, the first multinational company.

SHINE: the pioneer of China's model industry, the most influential and creative model production enterprises.

South Korea

ACADEMY: Korea's first major model brand, a wide range of subjects, to 1:72 warplanes, 1:35 chariot-based.

Legend (LEGEND)

Japan

TAMIYA (TAMIYA) modeling world's largest manufacturers, the subject matter is extremely broad, including aircraft, AFV (armored vehicles), ships, all kinds of civilian vehicles, as well as all the modeling-related products, including paint, tools and so on. Tamiya models are characterized by reasonable molding, easy production, and good combination. The process of making a Tamiya model is an absolute pleasure.

BANDAI (BANDAI) is one of the largest comprehensive entertainment companies in Japan, mainly involved in entertainment, network, anime products and their peripherals. Its production of a variety of science fiction, anime model of the number of varieties of the whole is the world's first. And the most famous is none other than GUNDAM Gundam series.

HASEGAWA is famous for its model airplanes. The brand has a wide range of airplane models, fine workmanship, and beautiful decals.

QINGDAO CULTURAL TEACHING MATERIALS SHA (AOSHIMA) Aoshimaisha for short, the main works of World War II 1:350 battleships, 1:700 battleships, civilian car models.

FUJIMI (FUJIMI) on behalf of the product, Japan's famous city, civilian car models, 1:700 warships.

TASCA (ASUKA): to produce 1/35 scale Sherman manufacturers, its Sherman series of products can be called the decision version, but the price is higher, generally in the 300 yuan. However, Tamiya has re-labeled and packaged some of its products, and prices have dropped.

P society (PIT-ROAD) very Japanese localization of a model brand, the main subject is the modern Japanese military model.

F Society (FINE MOLDS) is also a very Japanese localized model brand, the subject matter is mainly WWII Japanese Army combat vehicles, WWII Japanese and German warplanes. Want to do the Imperial Japanese Army theme F society is the first choice, but the price is more expensive. General 1:35 tank model to more than 200 yuan.

DOYUSHA (DOYUSHA) main works of Japan's famous city, Japan's war generals armor model, World War II warships, in Japan, the agent of the number of foreign trade brand HOBBY BOSS.

ARII (ARII) to Japan's railroad model, railroad model in Japan is a very popular model of the subject matter.

Shouya (KOTOBUKIYA) very famous hand-made model manufacturers.

Yokobori (Yokomo) Japan D1 Championship sponsor, a famous RC model manufacturer, products are mostly RC vehicle models.

Maruyi is a Japanese manufacturer of gun models and military models.

Europe

Italy (ITALERI): Italian model brand, Chinese model players used to call it Italy, ITALERI's products are very wide range of air, sea and land models, character models, civilian vehicle models, as well as all kinds of modeling tools have been involved in the level of Italy's products are also uneven, some products will even make people fear of Italian models. Some of the products may even make people feel intimidated by Italian models. I'm afraid Italy is the first modeling brand that combines angels and devils so closely.

Willow / Lever (REVELL): German modeling brand,, Revell's product range is too much, a variety of types of toys are produced, plastic models, just a small part of it.

RED STAR: Russian model brand, with a focus on military themes

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