The Symbolism of Common Imagery in Classical Chinese Poetry

Some common imagery in ancient poems mainly include

1. Trees:

The curvature of trees: the ups and downs of career and life, the smoothness of life

Yellow leaves: withering and maturity, the beauty of the late metabolism

Green leaves: the vitality of life, hope and vitality

Bamboo: temperance, positivity and upward mobility

Willow: farewell, lingering, sadness, springtime, beauty, the goodness, the folding of willows

Willow: the custom of farewell, sadness, the goodness of spring. The willow folding is a custom in the Han Dynasty to say goodbye. It is a custom in the Han Dynasty to say goodbye to the people. The "willow": sad farewell feelings

The embankment willow pile of smoke: can trigger the past as smoke, often used to express the feeling of rise and fall.

Red Leaves: a substitute for the objects that convey love, later borrowed to refer to the transmission of love through poetry.

Pine and cypress: firm, proud, strong, vitality Pine: the pine tree is a model of frost and snow, naturally the object of eulogy. Li Bai's "Gift to Huang Shang": "I wish you would learn from the pine, and be careful not to become a peach or a plum." Li Bai wrote a poem to advise Wei Huangshang, who had always flattered the rich and powerful, to be a man of integrity. Liu Zhen (劉桢), a writer from the Three Kingdoms, wrote in his poem "Gift to My Brother": "Do you not suffer from the cold, the pine and the cypress have their own nature." With this line, the poet encouraged his cousin to be as steadfast as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain his high and pure qualities under any circumstances.

Wutong: Wutong is a symbol of bleakness, misery and sadness. For example, Wang Changling's "Changxin Autumn Lyrics": "The golden well of the sycamore is yellow with autumn leaves, and the pearl curtains are not rolled with frost at night. The smoked cage and jade pillow have no color, and I lie down to listen to the long clear leakage of the South Palace." The poem is about a young girl, deprived of her youth, freedom and happiness, who is alone in the desolate and lonely palace, lying down to listen to the palace leaks. The first line of the poem begins with the yellow leaves of the sycamore tree by the well, creating an atmosphere of depression and coldness. Xu Zaisi of the Yuan Dynasty wrote "Water Fairies in Two Tones? Night Rain": "A sound of sycamore leaves and a sound of autumn, a bit of banana and a bit of sadness, returning to dreams after three nights." The falling leaves of the sycamore tree and the rain hitting the plantain are used to write all the sad thoughts. Other examples are "A leaf, a sound, the empty steps dripping into the morning" (Tang Dynasty Wen Tingjun's "More Leakage"), and "Wutong is more and more fine rain, to dusk, dripping and dripping" (Li Qingzhao's "The Sound of Sound"), and so on.

2, flowers and plants:

Flowering: hope, youth, the splendor of life

Flowering: withering, disappointment, frustration in life and career, regret the spring of the beautiful things, the memory of the memory.

Beach blossom: symbolizing beauty

Orchid: noble

Peony: rich and beautiful

Grass: strong vitality, unceasing hope, desolation, remoteness, hatred, humbleness of status

Corn: the sadness of the corn's departure (the country's present prosperity and its past decline)

The three friends of the year, the chrysanthemum, symbolize a person's high and clean character

Red beans: the love beans

The red beans: the love beans

Red beans: the love beans

Red beans: the love beans

The red beans: the love beans. >Red beans: Acacia beans, a token of love between a man and a woman, a metaphor for love between a man and a woman or friendship. It is derived from Wang Wei's poem "Acacia": "Red beans are born in the southern country, and several branches are sprouted in the spring, advising you to pick more of them, as this thing is the most acacia." The poet used the red beans born in the southern country to express his feelings of longing for his friends.

Chrysanthemum: Hidden, High and Unclassified Chrysanthemum: Although chrysanthemum can not be compared with peony, nor can it be compared with orchid, it has always been favored by literati and writers as the flower of frost, some people praised it for its strong character, and some people appreciated it for its noble temperament. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao": "Drinking the dew from the magnolia, and eating the chrysanthemums at night." Poets symbolize the nobility and purity of their character by drinking dew and eating flowers. Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Chrysanthemums": "Autumn bushes surround the house like the Taoist family, and the sun is slanting all around the hedges. It is not the flower that favors the chrysanthemum, but there is no more flower when this flower has finished blooming." It expresses the poet's pursuit of chastity and purity of character. Other poems such as "I'd rather die holding the fragrance on the branch than blowing down all the flowers" (Song's Zheng Sishao's "Cold Chrysanthemums") and "Wet and dewy on the lonely hedge, with the dimple of gold shining on the mud and sand in front of it" (Song's Fan Chengda's "Two Songs on Chrysanthemums after Chunggyang Festival"), etc., all of which use chrysanthemums to symbolize the poet's spiritual qualities, have undoubtedly become the poet's spiritual qualities.

The chrysanthemums here have undoubtedly become a reflection of the poet's personality.

Plum: proud of snow, strong, indomitable, against all odds, plum blossom: plum blossom is the first to open in the bitter cold, and then lead to the fragrance of all the flowers, so the plum blossom, like the chrysanthemum, has been honored by the poets and praised. Chen Liang of the Song Dynasty wrote "Plum Blossom": "One suddenly changes first, and all the flowers smell later." The poet seized the plum blossom's characteristic of being the first to open, and wrote about the quality of not being afraid of strikes and setbacks, and daring to be the first in the world, which is both a tribute to the plum blossom and to himself. Wang Anshi's "Plum Blossom": "It is not the snow that is known from afar, but the dark fragrance that comes from it." The poem not only writes out the plum blossom because of the wind cloth far, but also implicitly expresses the pure white of the plum blossom, received the artistic effect of both fragrance and color. Lu You's famous lyric "Winged Plum": "Falling into mud and crushed into dust, only the fragrance is as old as ever." The plum blossom is used as a metaphor for his own devastating misfortune and his noble sentiments of not wanting to be a part of the same crowd. The Yuanist Wang Coronation's "Plum Blossoms in Ink" reads, "Don't let people boast about their good color, but only leave a clean spirit to fill the Qiankun." It is also to reflect the quality of their own unwillingness to be partisan with the clean plum blossoms, shallow words and deep meaning.

Lotus: Because "lotus" and "pity" sound the same, so there are many ancient poems written in the lotus, to express love. For example, in the southern dynasty, the "West Island Song": "picking lotus in the south pond in the fall, the lotus flower over the head of the people; head down to get the lotus seed, the lotus seed green as water." "Lotus seed" means "pity", and "green" means "clear". This is both real and imaginary writing, with double entendres and the use of harmonic double entendres, expressing a woman's deep longing for the man she loves and the purity of her love. Jin's "Forty-two Songs of the Son and the Night", No. 35: "The mist and dew conceal the hibiscus, and the lotus is not distinguishable when I see it." Mist dew hides the true face of the lotus flower, lotus leaves are visible but not quite distinct, which is also the use of harmonic puns to write that a woman vaguely feels that the man is in love with her.

The ripening of plums is used as a metaphor for a young girl's wistfulness, as in "Leaning on the door and looking back, but sniffing the plums" (Li Qingzhao, "Point Jianglip").

The lilac, referring to sadness or love knot, such as "Since I parted from Nanpu, I have seen the lilac knot of sadness" (Niu Peak of the Tang Dynasty, "Thanksgiving for Much")

3. Animals

Apes and monkeys: mournful and poignant Du Fu's "Ascending to the Heights", "Windy and sky-high apes and monkeys are mournful". "

Hong pigeon:: ideal pursuit

Fish: freedom, cozy

Eagle: rigidity, freedom, the fight of life, career success

Dogs, chickens: the breath of life, the idyllic life

(Thin) Horse: gallop, the pursuit of wandering

Crow: villain, commoner, mediocre, sadness

Sand gulls: The bird: a symbol of freedom

Chún: the flavor of one's hometown. Later, literati used the terms "莼羹", "莼鲈脍" and "莼鲈秋思" to refer to the feeling of homesickness.

Double Carp: refers to letters. The poem "Drinking Horses from the Great Wall Grottoes" by Han Lefu reads: "The guest came from afar and left me with two carp. The poem "Drinking from the Great Wall Cave" by Han Lefu reads: "The guest came from afar and left me two carp. Later, it was used as a substitute for a letter from afar.

Zhuangzhou Dreaming of Butterfly: From "Zhuangzi? The Theory of Things: "In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of Hu (butterfly) butterfly, vividly Hu (butterfly) butterfly also. He said that he did not know what he was doing, but that he had no idea what he was doing. When he realized that he had been pleasantly surprised, he was pleasantly surprised by Zhou's dream. I don't know whether Zhou's dream is a butterfly or a butterfly. Butterflies and butterflies dream of Zhou? Zhou and butterflies will be divided. This is called materialization." Zhuangzi used this to illustrate the idea that things are one, and all things are the same. Later, the literati used to refer to the confusing dream and changeable things. For example, Lu You's poem "Winter Night" says: "A cup of poppies is provided by a barbarian slave, and Zhuang Zhou's butterflies are both empty."

(Lonely) geese: loneliness, homesickness, longing for relatives, sound, message, news Hongyan: letter - longing for relatives.

Hong Yan: Hong Yan is a large migratory bird that migrates south in the fall every year, often causing homesickness and sadness in travelers. For example, the Sui Xue Daoheng "people think of returning on the day": "people return after the fall of the geese, think of the hair in front of the flowers." Long before the flowers bloomed, the thought of returning home arose; but by the time the geese had returned to the north, the person had not yet returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasty, he went on a mission to Chen in the Southern Dynasty, and wrote this poem of thinking of returning home, which is subtle and euphemistic. Other poems that use geese to write thoughts include: "The return of geese at night gives rise to lovesickness, and the sick feel the splendor of things in the New Year" (Ouyang Xiu's "Playful Answer to Yuan Zhen"), "Several points of the remnant stars and geese are crossing the plugs, and the long flute makes a sound of a person leaning against a building" (Tang Dynasty Zhao Longevity's "An Autumn Look at Chang'an"), and "The stars are coldly falling into the water of the blue pool. The stars fall cold in the water of the blue pool, and the wild geese sound sadly in the wind of red polygonum" (Dai Fugu, Song Dynasty, "In a Boat on a Moonlit Night"), etc. There are also some who use wild geese as a reference. There are also references to letters by geese. We are all familiar with the allusion to the transmission of letters by wild geese, and the use of wild geese as messengers of letters in poetry is also common. Such as "when the geese to, river paste autumn water more" (Du Fu, "the end of the day with Li Bai"), "the geese to pass the book is dead, Xiang Huang stained tears" (Li Shangyin, "thoughts of departure") and so on.

Partridge Bird: The image of the partridge in ancient poetry also has a specific connotation. The sound of partridges makes people sound like "can't walk, but also brother", very easy to evoke the association of the journey and the full-blooded sadness of parting. For example, "the autumn grass is brightly lit, the partridge cries far away" (Tang Li Qunyu "Jiu Zi Po heard partridge"), "the river night is worried about the rest, the mountains deep hear partridge" (Xin Qiji "Bodhisattva Barbarian? The partridge in the poem is not a bird in the purely objective sense.

Cicadas: Cicadas don't live long after the fall, and after some autumn rain, they are left with a few intermittent chirps, and their lives are at stake. Therefore, cold cicadas have become a synonym for sadness. For example, the first two lines of Tang Luo Binwang's "Winging the Cicadas" read, "The cicadas sing in the western land, and the guest in the southern crown thinks y." [Xilu: Autumn] The singing of cicadas is used to render his deep nostalgia for his home in prison. The Song writer Liu Yong's "Rain Lin Bells" begins, "The cold cicadas are mournful, and the sudden rain is at its first rest for the evening of the Long Pavilion." Before directly describing the parting, the feeling of "wretchedness and misery" has already filled the reader's heart, creating an atmosphere that is enough to touch the feelings of parting. This sentiment is also expressed in poems such as "Cicadas chirping on my side" (Cao Zhi's "Gift to Wang Biao, the White Horse" from the Three Kingdoms).

Mandarin ducks refer to couples who are in love, as in the poem, "If you can become a couple, why don't you resign yourself to death; if you want to be a mandarin duck, don't you envy the immortals" (Lu Zhaolin's "Ancient Ideas of Chang'an," a Tang Dynasty poem).

Swallow Imagery in Ancient Poetry

Swallows are migratory birds that migrate with the seasons, and they like to travel in pairs and come in and out of people's houses or under their eaves. Therefore, swallows were favored by the ancients and often appeared in ancient poems and lyrics, either to cherish spring and sadness, or to render sadness, or to send love thoughts, or to feel sad about the current events, with the richness of the imagery and the richness of the expression, which is beyond the reach of other objects.

(1) It expresses the beauty of spring and conveys the feeling of cherishing spring. According to legend, swallows come north in the spring and return south in the fall, so many poets have taken them as symbols of spring to beautify and glorify them. For example, "The flowers are blooming in the darkness, and the soaring swallows have new breasts" (Wei Yingwu, "Encountering Feng Zhi in Chang'an"), "The swallows are coming to the new society, and the pear blossoms are behind the clear sky" (Fei Shih, "Breaking the Frontier"), and "Yingying, swallowing, and swallowing in spring, and flowers and willows are real, and everything is abundant and abundant and abundant" (Qiao Qiao, "Abundant Rhyme"). Everything is full of flavor" (Qiao Ji, "Tianjing Sha? ), "Birds crowing in the fragrant trees, swallows carrying yellow willow flowers" (Zhang Kejiu, "The People on the Fence? The Southern Song Dynasty lyricist Shi Dazu even used the swallow as his lyrics, writing in "Double Swallows? In his "Double Swallows", he wrote: "The swallows are still carving beams and wells, and talking softly to each other. The swallows are also soft-spoken. They are quick to flick the tops of the flowers, and the tail is separated from the red shadows." The shape and spirit are all similar to each other. Spring is bright and colorful, the swallows are small and lovely, coupled with the literati sentimental, the spring is gone, the poet will be infinite sadness, so Ouyang Xiu has "pheng song scattered tourists go, began to realize that the spring is empty. Hanging down the curtain bar, the two swallows return to the rain" ("Cai Sang Zi") of the lament, Qiao Ji has "swallow hidden spring title to whose home, the warbler old and shy to find a companion, the wind and cold lazy report Nga (honey), crowing death of the hungry crows" ("Water Fairy Zi") of the misery.

(2) It expresses the beauty of love and conveys the longing for one's lover. Swallows have been known to fly down with males and females, and to follow each other, thus becoming a symbol of love, "Thinking of the two flying swallows, nesting in the mud in the house of the king", "Swallows are newly married, such as a brother, such as a younger brother" (The Book of Changes), "The Valley Wind" (The Valley Wind), "Swallows are newly married, such as a brother" (The Book of Changes). Valley Winds"), "Swallows are flying, and their feathers are different, their sons are returning, and they are sent far away from the field" (Shijing?). Yan Yan"), it is precisely because of this pair of swallows, which caused the lovers to send their love to the swallows, longing for the thought of being inseparable. It is because of this pairing of swallows that the lovebirds are thinking of each other and longing to be together. It is only then that the loneliness of the empty chamber is realized, and the loneliness of the fallen flowers and the swallows flying in the drizzle is realized. (Linjiang Xian), the melancholy jealousy of "The mantle is light and cold, the swallows fly away" (Yan Shi?), and the loneliness of "The Broken Formation". (The Broken Formation), the loneliness and coldness of "The moon is on the yellow willow, and the swallows return to the jade palace first" (Zhou Deqing?). (Zhou Deqing?), the disappointment and coldness of "The flowers bloom and look away, the jade is reduced and spring is hurt, and the swallows fly in the grassy hall of the east wind" (Zhang Kejiu?), the feeling of staying behind. (Zhang Kejiu's "Introduction to the Qingjiang River"). The company's website is a great source of information about the company's products and services, and the company's website is a great source of information about the company.

(3) The change of time and events, expressing the former prosperity and now decline, metabolism of personnel, the country broke the family's feelings and grief. Swallows return in the fall and spring, do not forget the old nest, poets seize this feature, to vent their indignation, the most famous is Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane": "Vermilion Bird Bridge, wild grass flowers, Wuyi Lane, the mouth of the setting sun slanting. In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xie's hall flew into the homes of the common people." In addition, there are also the words of Yan Shu: "There is nothing I can do to help the flowers fall, and it seems that the swallows have returned, wandering alone in the fragrant path of the small garden" (Raccoon Creek Sand), the words of Li Hao Gu: "The swallows have returned with embroidered curtains, and there is no place to look for their old nests" (Visiting the Golden Gate?), and the words of Jiang Kui: "I remember my former residence" (Visiting the Golden Gate?). The swallows and geese have no intention of going with the clouds on the western shore of Taihu Lake. Several peaks are clear and bitter, and it is raining at dusk in Shangliu" ("Point Jiang Lip"), Zhang Yan's "I know where the swallows were back then, but the moss is deep and the grass is dark and slanting" ("High Balcony"), and Wen Tianxiang's "The scenery of the mountains and rivers is the same, but the people of the city and the castle are not the same anymore. The reeds on the ground are with me in my old age, and the swallows in my old home are with me." ("Jinling Post"). Swallows have no heart, but witnessed the changes in current events, bear the suffering of the country's destruction of the family, showing the poet's "Kibi" sadness, the load can be said to be heavy.

(4) Passing the book on behalf of others, the pain of separation. The Tang dynasty Guo Shaolan in the Yan foot Department of poetry passed to his husband Ren Zong. Ren Zong left home and traveled to the lake, and did not return for several years, ShaoLan made a poem tied to YanZhou. When Ren Zong was in Jingzhou, Yan suddenly parked his shoulder and saw a book tied to his foot, which was sent by his wife, and he returned with tears of emotion. His poem "Sending My Husband" reads: "My son-in-law went to the heavy lake, sobbed a book in blood at the window, attentively with the wings of the swallow, sent to the thinly-veiled husband." Who says "the swallows between the beams are too heartless" (Cao Xueqin? Dream of the Red Chamber"), it is because of the love of the swallows that contributed to the husband's return, the couple met. Guo Shaolan is lucky, some unfortunate women borrow swallows to send letters, but the stone sinks into the sea, no news, such as "sad swallow feet to leave the red thread, annoyed luan shadow idle fan" (Zhang Kegiu?). The Spring Love"), "The Sadness of the Swallow's Foot and the Red Thread Spring Love"), "Tearful eyes leaning on the building often speak alone, double swallows come, strangers to meet or not" (Feng Yansi?), "Butterfly Lovers". Butterfly Lovers' Flower"), the pain of its sadness and the severity of its longing for love, make people moved by it, and then weep.

(5) The expression of traveler's sorrow, writing the pain of wandering. "Wholeness, intuition, and taking images and comparing them to analogies are the dominant ways of thinking of the Han people" (Zhang Dai Nian? Chinese thinking bias"), flowers, birds, insects and fish, all into the literati pen, birds and animals, all show the poet's talent. Geese cry sadly in autumn, ape song stained clothes, fish pass ruler, cicada send far, swallow's perch left the poet's rich imagination, or drift wandering, "year after year, such as the new swallow, drifting the sea, to send repair rafters" (Zhou Bangyan?); or "Full House Fang"; or "Chinese thinking bias" (Zhang Dai Nian?). Full House Fang"); or the world, "look at Chang'an, the future is very small sideburns spot, south to north with the marching swallows, the road is difficult" (Zhang Kejiu?); or the world, "the temple in front of the joy"; or the poet's imagination. The road is hard" (Zhang Kejiu, "Happiness in front of the Temple"); or meeting and leaving each other, "like social swallows and flying hongs, meeting each other unsteadily and sending each other off" (Su Shi, "Sending Chen Mu to know Tan Tan"). Sending Chen Mu to Tanzhou" (Su Shi?); or being separated from each other at times, "Magnets fly, mica comes to the water, earth dragons cause rain, and swallows and geese fly in place of each other" (Liu An?). The Swallow is no longer just a swallow.) Swallows, is not just swallows, it has become a symbol of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, into the blood of each and every one of the children of the Yellow Emperor.

4. Wind, Frost, Rain, Snow, Water and Clouds:

Sea: vastness Strength, depth and atmosphere

Waves of the sea: the ups and downs of life

The surge of the waves of the sea: the ferocity of life The treachery of the martial arts jianghu

Jiangshui: the passing of time The brevity of years The long sorrows of the long years. Historical trends

Smoke: emotional haziness, misery, confusion, uncertainty of the future, failure and disillusionment of ideals

Small rain: spring scenery, hope, vitality, vigor, subliminal indoctrination

Stormy rain: cruelty, passion, political struggles, sweeping away the forces of evil, the power to slough off filth

Spring breeze: openness, joy, hope

Easterly wind: springtime, beauty.

West wind: despondency, melancholy, decay, the wanderer's longing to return home

Gale: chaos, the power to destroy the old world

Frost: the ease of aging in life, the harshness of the social environment, the rampant power of evil forces, and the bumps and frustrations of life's path

Snow: purity, beauty, the harshness of the environment, the rampant power of evil forces

Dew: the shortness of life, the ease of life's passing

Clouds: The floating clouds are used as a metaphor for the wandering wanderer, as in "The floating clouds are for the wandering wanderer, and the setting sun is for the old man" (Li Bai's "Sending a Friend").

The sky is cloudy: depressed, sad, lonely

The sky is clear: happy, bright

The golden wind: autumn wind

The Imagery of Water

(1) Because of its softness and coolness, water is often used as a metaphor for the moon and other things that are difficult to grasp even though they are concrete and palpable.

For example, "The night color of the sky is as cool as water, and I sit and watch the Altair and the Weaving Maiden." It reflects the tragic fate of women in the feudal era from the side.

(2) Because of the constant shearing and softness of water, water is often used as a metaphor for sorrow.

For example, Li Bai's "The water that cuts off the knife flows even more, and raising a cup to dispel the sadness is even more sad." It expresses the poet's worries and sorrows arising from his strong feeling of the irreconcilable contradiction between reality and ideal.

5. Artifacts

Jade: high and pure, the ground is heavily traveled and free from vulgarity

Pearls: beautiful and flawless

The hairpin and tassel (crown): the official position and reputation

The pounding of clothes and anvil: the woman's longing for her husband.

Xilou Xiaolou: the feelings of a woman's bosom; silk and bamboo: music; khanqing: the annals of history; whiskers and eyebrows: men; women: women; mulberry and catalpa: hometown; xuanyuan: the motherland; three feet: the law; inch pipe: the pen; green bird: the messenger

boats: orchid boats, levitation sails going on the hawser (often a metaphor for a lone boat), and masts and jerks (a borrowing of the big ships and warships).

Wu Hook: a generalized reference to a precious knife or sword. For example, in Xin Qiji's "Shui Long Yin? Climbing to the Jiankang Appreciation Pavilion": "At the head of the building at sunset, in the sound of broken hongs, Jiangnan travelers. I have looked at the Wu Hook and patted the railing all over the place, but no one will know the meaning of the ascent." By looking at the Wu Hook and patting the railing, he expresses his disappointment that no one will understand his desire to serve the motherland and build up his career.

Kunshan Jade: a metaphor for outstanding talents. The idiom of Li Si's "Remarks on the Book of Evicting Guests" is: "Today, Your Majesty has given us the jade of Kunshan, the treasure of Su, and the treasure of He (referring to the Su Houzhu bead and the He's jade), the bead of the dying moon, the sword of Tai'a (the famous sword of the state of Wu'), the horse of Jianli (the name of the steed), the flag of building the wind of the Cuifeng, and the drum of the tree of the Ling Alligator (tuó), the skin of such an animal as the Yangzi crocodile, which can be used to make drums). ...... Nowadays, it is not the case that we take people: we don't ask whether they can or can't, we don't care whether they are right or wrong; those who are not from Qin go away, and those who are guests are expelled." Later on, the metaphor "Kunshan Jade" was used to describe outstanding talents.

There are a lot of images used to express the feeling of "wandering" in classical Chinese poetry, such as duckweed, flying pontoon, lonely geese, etc., and "boat" is one of the most common images to express this emotion. A flat boat, the sky and water, more and more compared to the smallness of people; people on the journey, see more foreign lands and scenery, more likely to trigger infinite thoughts. The image of "boat" in Du Fu's poems appears very frequently, and the feeling of wandering is also very strong:

The fine grass and breezy shore, the dangerous mast and the night boat. The starry sky of the plains is wide, and the moon gushes over the great river. I'm not sure if I'm famous for my writings, but I'm a veteran in my career. I'm not sure what I'm talking about, but I'm not sure what I'm talking about, and I'm not sure what I'm talking about.

Writing Reminiscences on the Night of the Journey

It used to be that I heard about the water in Dongting, and now I go up to Yueyang Tower. The world is in a state of flux, the world is in a state of flux, the world is in a state of flux, the world is in flux. I have no friends or relatives, and I have a lonely boat for the old and the sick. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to get a good look at this, but I'm sure I'm going to be able to get a good look at this.

"Ascending Yueyang Tower"

Du Fu experienced the great transformation of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and in his later years drifted around Sichuan and Hunan for 11 years, and finally died of illness on a small boat from Tanzhou to Yuezhou. The boat was his most common means of transportation in his later years, and it also became his final destination. In his poem, he repeatedly wrote about the "boat" imagery, "the dangerous mast alone night boat" "old and sick with a lonely boat", the boat is a symbol of the poet's wandering life and portrayal.

Su Shi wrote "Linjiang Xian" when he was relegated to Huangzhou because of the "Wutai Poetry Case":

Drinking at night in Dongpo, he woke up again and again, and returned as if it were three o'clock. The children's noses were already thundering. I leaned on my staff and listened to the sound of the river.

I hate that this body is not mine, when will I forget the camp? The wind is still at night and the gauze is smooth. The boat will be gone from now on, and I will spend the rest of my life on the river and the sea.

Another typical connotation of "boat" in classical Chinese poetry is "freedom", as opposed to the feeling of being "adrift". The origin of this idea can be traced back to Zhuang Zi, who said, "The skillful man labors and the knowledgeable man worries; the incompetent man seeks nothing. He said, "The skillful man labors, but the knowledgeable man worries; the incompetent man has nothing to seek; the man who eats and swims is like an untethered boat; the man who swims in emptiness." Although his thoughts are negative, but for the Chinese literati, "pan untethered boat", but become quite attractive life ideals:

Life in the world is not satisfactory, tomorrow emanate get flat boat. Li Bai's "Xuanshou Xieyue Farewell to the School Book Uncle Yun"

The grass grows by the side of the stream, and the oriole is singing in the deep trees above it. The spring tide brings rain in the evening, and there is no one in the boat to cross the wild ferry.

Wei Yingwu's "Western Stream in Chuzhou"

Wei's poem describes spring flowers, spring grass, spring trees, spring birds, spring tides, spring rains, and other beautiful scenes, and uses a series of dense scenery to accentuate the central image of "no one is crossing the boat in the wild ferry", which is both a realistic depiction and a graphic representation of the poet's state of mind.

6. Colors

White: Pure and Immaculate Mourning

Red: Enthusiastic Youth Joyfulness

Green: Hopefulness Vigorousness Peacefulness

Blue: Elegant Melancholy

Yellow: Warmth and Peacefulness

Purple: Noble and Mysterious

Black: Darkness Desperate Solemnity Mysteriousness The Memory of the Deceased The Ill-fate of Fate

Black: Darkness Desperate Solemnity Mysteriousness The Memory of the Deceased

7. On human qualities, behavioral activities.

Heroes: admiration Self-ashamed and self-sighing

Villains: contempt Mingzhi Introspection Scourging

Old events of the Six Dynasties and old dreams of the Southern Dynasties: denoting the rich and prosperous life of the past.

Oar-striking: it means to aspire to serve the country and recover the lost land.

E-eyebrow (moth-eyebrow): a beautiful woman

E-eyebrow: noble virtue

Qingqing Zijin: a talented person

Ba Ge: also known as Ba Singing, Ba Acura, and Ba People's Song. It is also known as "Ba Song", "Ba Acura" and "Ba Man's Song". More and "spring white snow" compared to write, to express their own insignificance.

Blue Blood: This refers to the blood shed for a just cause. Later on, it was also used as a metaphor for "blue blood" and "carambola" to refer to the death of a person who has suffered from a grudge or whose loyalty has not been lost. For example, "Dou E Grievance": "It's not that I'm punished by Dou E for this headless wish, it's really not a shallow injustice ...... This is our carambola, looking at the emperor crying cuckoo."

Folding the laurel: a metaphor for winning the imperial examinations. Alluding to the Book of Jin: "Emperor Wudi in the East Hall will be sent, asked Monk said: 'What do you think of yourself?' Ines said: 'I cited the wise and virtuous countermeasures, for the world's first, as if a branch of Guilin, Kunshan piece of jade."'

Wai Tangerine: refers to filial piety to both parents.

Caiwei: a borrowed reference to the life of seclusion.

The Historical Records? Bo Yi Liezhuan" recorded: "King Wu had already pacified the Yin rebellion, the world Zong Zhou, and Bo Yi, Shuji shame, righteousness does not eat Zhou corn, hidden in the Shouyang Mountain, picking the Wei and eat it." The story is about Bo Yi and Shu Qi who lived in seclusion in the mountains, and did not serve Zhou in righteousness. Later, it also expresses the firm adherence to modesty.

Poets often use the images of "mountains and forests" and "palaces and queens" to express the contradictions and conflicts between the poets' ideals and reality. The so-called "palace" is also known as "Wei Que", which is the representative of the court, and is also a symbol of the poet's reuse. The so-called "mountains and forests" refers to the poet's political ideals in the destruction or is not talented, no way to serve the country, the author of the resentment and anger and turned to return to the mountains and forests to rest in the image of the grass, a pronoun.

Mournful Hong: a metaphor for those who are in mourning and suffering, and displaced from their homes. The poem was written by the envoys in the four directions, see the displaced people such as the wild geese gathered in the field, the displaced people are happy to the arrival of the envoys, all the words, such as the sound of the wild geese Yuan Ming endless. Later, it was used as a metaphor for the displacement of people.

Yongshu: the woman singing snow. This refers to women who are good at chanting and have extraordinary talent. Later on, "Yongshu" means "singing snow", and "Yongshu Cai" means "extraordinary talent".

Nan Guan: refers to prisoners.

The allusion is from "Zuo Zhuan" (左传). In the ninth year of the Duke of Cheng Dynasty, a Chu man, Zhong Yi, was imprisoned in Jin, and he still wore the Southern Crown. Playing the music of the South, Fan Wenzi praised this as the behavior of a gentleman: later, the general literati used this to refer to their own life as prisoners with integrity. Fairyland: ethereal, beautiful, clean, and free of dust

Leaning on the fence: thinking of one's homeland, hometown, and relatives.

Nanshan (南山) represents a place of seclusion Peachland (桃源): represents an ideal paradise The Wuling people represent those who live in seclusion

Liuying (柳营): refers to a military camp. Later, it also stands for a disciplined military camp.

The earthly world of heaven and earth: Hongmeng, Xiyi, Taiqing, and Taixu.

Fine Willow Camp: the place where Zhou Yafu cantoned his troops in the Han Dynasty. Wang Wei's "Watching the Hunting": "Suddenly passing through Xinfeng City, I returned to the Fine Willow Camp."

9, other categories

White clothes, pale dog: also called white clouds, pale dog, a metaphor for the vagaries of the world. From Du Fu's poem, "Lamentable": "The floating clouds in the sky seem to be white, and Ssu changes like a pale dog. Throughout the ages **** a time, all things in life are not." Personnel change, as if floating clouds, a moment like white clouds, a moment like gray dogs.

Breaking dawn: the first hope

Late at night: sorrowful nostalgia

Snow: agate jade, shattered jade, ice flower, six out of the blue; letter: honk goose, ruler, ruler

Dead country: the flower of the back garden.

Heaven and earth: the smallness of human beings, the brevity of life, the vastness of the heart, the emotional loneliness

Floating life: denotes a short and illusory life.

Sunrise: hope and vigor

Sunset: loss and depression Cherish the beautiful and short life or things

Noon: warmth and enthusiasm The destruction of society and people by evil forces

Wine: joy Delight Disappointment and sadness

The moon: the completion of life, the lack of it Homesickness and homesickness

" The moon is a place of sadness and sorrow

The moon is a place of sadness and sorrow. Alias: Toad Palace, Jade Plate, Silver Hook, Cindy, Guigong; "Jade Plate", "Jade Wheel", "Jade Ring", "Jade Hook ", "Jade Bow", "Jade Mirror", "Heavenly Mirror", "Bright Mirror", "Jade Rabbit", "Chang'e", "Toad"

The moon: in China's ancient poetry, using the moon to accentuate the feelings is a commonly used penmanship. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poetry is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai's "Silent Night Thoughts": "The bright moonlight in front of the bed is suspected to be the frost on the ground, raising my head to look at the bright moon, and lowering my head to think of my hometown." This poem shows Li Bai's homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective object, but an image that has been imbued with the poet's feelings. Wang Jian of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Sending Du Langzhong on the Fifteenth Night": "Tonight the moon is bright and people are all looking forward to it, I don't know whose home the thoughts of autumn have fallen on." The verse points out the universal nostalgic feeling on earth on this full moon night with a euphemistic query, implicitly expressing the poet's deep longing for his friends in his hometown.

In addition, the moon also has the following imagery

(1) The bright moon contains the sadness of the people on the border.

For example: "The sand in front of the Huale Beacon is like snow, and the moon is like frost outside the Surrendered City" has a sad and gloomy feeling; "The moon is bright in the time of Qin and the people have not yet returned from the Long March" has a mournful and majestic feeling.

(2) The bright moon contains the emotion of helplessness.

For example, Xie Zhuang's prayer and blessing; Zhang Jiuling's prayer and blessing; and Zhang Jiuling's prayer and blessing. The prayer and blessing; Zhang Jiuling's "the bright moon at sea, the end of the world **** this time." The first time I saw this, I was in the middle of the night, and I was in the middle of the night.

(3) The bright moon connotes the eternity of space and time.

"The ancients and modern people are like flowing water, **** look at the bright moon are so." The looting of life by time and the helplessness of life in front of time are expressed to the fullest.