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Appreciation of Yao musical instruments: /asp/dv_rss.asp? xhtml & ampboardid = 50 & ampid=2586 1。 page= 1。 star= 1

The long drum is named after its slender body. Also known as flower drum. Yao people play movies-musical instruments for singing. Yao language is Guo Heyi. It is popular in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liannan Yao Autonomous County of Guangdong Province and the vast Yao areas adjacent to Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong.

Tonggu is a percussion instrument for Yi, Miao, Yao, Dong, Zhuang, Buyi, Maonan, Shui, Li, Bai, Tujia, Naxi, Gelao, Wa, Dai, Kemu and others. Miao language is called Niu and Nie, Dong language is called Hejiado, Buyi language is called Lord and Root, Wa language is called Tuluohe, and Kemu language is called Yan. Popular in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hainan and other provinces.

Drum, Tibetan, Zhuang, Yao, Miao, Dong, Yi, Shui, Tujia, Han and other ethnic percussion instruments. Popular all over the country, especially in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces.

Dan Xian, Yao's bowstring instrument. Single stringed instrument piano for short. Also known as stringed instrument piano. Popular in Libo County, Guizhou Province, where Yao people live in concentrated communities.

The shape and structure of the piano are similar to those of the erhu, and the players make it for their own use, so the materials and specifications are different. Most of the piano stems are made of paulownia, 45 cm ~ 50 cm. The piano head at the upper end is a square column with a flat top and no decoration. The upper part of the piano rod is 14 cm away from the top end, and a chord shaft made of boxwood or hardwood is horizontally arranged, with the shaft length of 15 cm. The piano rod is a cylinder, the weight is near the chord, and the lower end is put into the piano barrel and exposed. The piano barrel is cylindrical and made of a bamboo barrel with a length of 1 1 cm and a diameter of 5 cm. The front end of the tube is covered with bamboo shoots, and the back end of the tube is open. There is a bamboo bridge or bone bridge, ponytail rope or silk thread on the panel. The lower end of the rope is tied with a rope. The tether is a small bamboo pole with a knot at one end and passes through the bottom of the bridge. The bow is made of thin bamboo or bamboo chips and tied with brown silk or ponytail. The bow is very curved, and its length is 40 cm.

Sitting posture, holding the piano in the left hand, the piano barrel on the left knee, the piano head close to the left shoulder, five fingers can be used to press the strings, and the right hand holds the bow to play outside the strings. A single-stringed huqin usually has a fixed chord f 1 or g 1, and its range has an octave. The timbre is clear and clear, like a suona sound coming from a distance. The volume is not high, as if the violin had been muted. In China's stringed instruments, there are few people who press the strings with their thumbs, but Yao's solo piano is characterized by pressing the strings with their thumbs. The left hand is often decorated with elastic and slippery techniques, and imitates the timbre of suona. Most of the slides are three-degree slides from high to low. Can be used for solo, ensemble, ensemble or accompaniment. Yao people often amuse themselves with solo in winter nights, and two or more people often play together or participate in the Eight Immortals (that is, the Eight Tones) ensemble of Yao people. Solos often have two strings with the same sound, and the bow hair is also divided into two strands to wipe the strings at the same time. There is no special music for a string, but many Yao music or suona tunes are played, such as Eight Immortals tune, Welcome tune, Toast tune, Joining the Army tune and co-production.

National percussion instruments such as Tongqing, Zhuang, Miao, Yao and Dong. Popular in northern and southwestern Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

The bowl is made of copper and looks like a pot with a big mouth and a small round bottom. The chin height is 9 cm, the chin opening diameter is 14 cm, the base diameter is 9 cm, and the chin wall thickness is cm.

When playing, the chin is up, fixed by the cloth ring at the bottom or supported by the player's left hand, and the right hand knocks on the chin wall with a short wooden pestle to pronounce. The timbre is crisp and bright, melodious and melodious, like the sound of a bronze bell, with long duration and strong penetration. Mainly used for teachers' activities in the field of fairness.

Lion Gong is a percussion instrument of Zhuang, Dong, Yao, Miao, Yi, Jing, Mulao, Maonan and Han nationalities. Popular all over the country.

Mangtong is a single-reed musical instrument of Miao, Dong, Shui and Yao. Also known as earth pipe, awn pipe and lusheng pipe. Miao language is called Hedong, which means drum reed. In Dong language, it means big bamboo tube. Popular in Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan and other provinces.

May Xiao, a branch of Yao nationality, arranges music and plays suona. What language, huh? Convex, that is, the meaning of cutting bamboo flute and playing flute in May, hence the name. It has a long history. The records of Yao musical instruments in Zhou Qufei's Answer to the Generation Outside the Ridge (Volume Seven Musical Instruments) in the Southern Song Dynasty are as follows: "The flute is rhymed with the regular flute, ……" The flute here is almost the May flute today. Popular in Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Guangdong Province.

The pipe body is made of bamboo, mostly a bamboo tube without joints in the middle, with transparent ends and slightly thicker upper ends. The pipe length is 40 cm ~ 50 cm, the outer diameter of the upper nozzle is 3 cm ~ 4 cm, and the inner diameter is 2.4 cm ~ 3.4 cm. A cork is arranged at the nozzle of the upper end of the pipe head, one side of the cork is cut off to form a half-moon shaped air hole, and the cut part forms an air inlet channel with the inner wall of the bamboo tube. On the back of the pipe body, below the air inlet duct 4 cm away from the pipe head, there is a sound hole, and there are six circular sound holes in the middle of the front of the pipe body, and three sound holes below.

When playing, the tube is vertical, the ring finger, middle finger and index finger of the left hand press the first, second and third holes respectively, and the ring finger, middle finger and index finger of the right hand press the fourth, fifth and sixth holes respectively. The upper lip is placed at the cork of the pipe head, and the lower lip covers the half-moon mouthpiece. Using the method of circulating ventilation, the air flow enters the pulse pronunciation hole from the airway, which makes the air column in the tube vibrate and pronounce. The drum sound is d1-g1,which is commonly used in the octave range of flat blowing. The range can reach two octaves by over blowing. Flat-blown timbre is soft, and super-blown timbre is fine and sharp. Often used for solos. Playing techniques are the same as ordinary flutes, and they are good at playing beautiful and lyrical tunes.

Yellow mud drum, named after being painted with yellow mud when playing. It was called drum in ancient times, also known as waist drum, long drum, long waist drum and long drum. Yao people play musical instruments, which is called Wang Ni urn in Yao language. Popular in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Liannan Yao Autonomous County of Guangdong Province.

There is a legend of yellow mud drum among Yao people: in ancient times, there was an old man in Yao village who often took his son to hunt in the mountains. Once he was pushed off a cliff by a goat and died. In order to mourn for the old man, the son peeled off the goatskin and hit it on a dead tree whose heart was hollowed out. Since then, whenever there is a funeral in Yaozhai, this drum will be played to show mourning. Drums are divided into male drums and female drums. When the husband dies, the wife will play the mother drum in front of the coffin and the son will play the male drum; After the death of his wife, both the master and the master played drums, which became the custom of the Yao family and was passed down from generation to generation.

Bee drum, named after it looks like a bee. It is a percussion instrument mixed with Zhuang, Yao and Maonan. Abdominal front play, also known as horizontal drum. Zhuang nationality is also called Yue Drum. Yao language is called Meng Bo and Rudao. Maonan people are called long drums. In addition, there are waist drums, tile drums and yellow mud drums. Popular in all parts of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Wang Du, also known as yellow drum, long drum and horizontal drum. Yao mixed percussion instruments. Popular in Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Guangdong Province.

Originated from the ancient waist drum, it was widely circulated among the people in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Li's "Eight Beats of Yang Lian's Local Customs" contained: "(Beat the waist) hit the gong and make a jump. The shapes of long drums are large, medium and small, covered with yellow mud and hung by ropes, or clouds were made in ancient times. "

The drum body is made of a whole piece of paulownia and Chinese fir, and both ends are wrapped with goatskin, yellow skin or dog skin. The leather surface is fixed on two circular iron rings and covered on the drum mouths at both ends, and the leather surface tethers at both ends are pulled in reverse. Seven small bamboo tubes are respectively sleeved in two adjacent ropes, and the tension of the drum skin can be adjusted by moving the small bamboo tubes. Wang Du has a long cylindrical shape, which is a bit like the Gonghuang mud drum of the Yao nationality in Jinxiu 'ao. The total length is 90 cm, the middle part of the drum body is slightly thinner and the ends are slightly thicker. One end is trumpet-shaped with a diameter of 22 cm, and the other end is bowl-shaped with a diameter of 19 cm. The outer surface of the drum is painted with red paint and decorated with golden national patterns.

Before playing, apply wet yellow mud to the drum surface, so that the drum sounds at both ends are four or five degrees different, and a loud sound can be made. When playing, the drum belt is hung obliquely on the chest, with the trumpet-shaped end facing upward to the left. The left hand holds the bamboo piece and beats the right drum surface, and the performer dances while playing. This is Yao's "Wang Du encouragement". Usually, duets or group performances are performed by two people, which are mostly used for festive festivals and folk activities such as "counter-offer" and celebrating harvest. It is not only the main accompaniment instrument encouraged by Wang Du, but also a prop for dancing.

The trumpet is a lip-moving musical instrument of Yao, Yi, Miao, Jingpo, Naxi, Nu, Dai, Buyi, Tujia, Gelao, Li and Han nationalities. Popular in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan and other provinces, especially in Nandan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Qiannan and Qiandongnan, Guizhou Province.

When playing, the smaller corner will play with the corner in both hands; If the horn is big, hold the bottom of the horn in your left hand and put it on your chest, and play with the horn in your right hand. There is no sound hole in the corner and there is no fixed pitch. Different pitches can be played according to the change of mouth shape and breath control. The small one is high and sharp; The big timbre is rich and melodious, which can be used for solo or ensemble. In some parts of Hunan Province, chant tunes such as Jade Emperor's Mansion, Laojun's Mansion and Goat's Crossing the Depression are still circulating. Beating gongs and drums.

Trombone is called Changming, Zhongming, Zhaojun, Jiao Tong, Ma Chui and so on. It is a musical instrument of Yao, Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Hani, Buyi, Tujia, Uygur, Han and other ethnic groups. Yao language is called Dangyou. The Yi language is called Dabala. The Buyi language is called Manglie. In Uyghur, it is called Kanai. Han people call it large, long pointed, small, top number and so on. It is popular all over the country, especially in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Xinjiang and other provinces.

Yao Dangxi and Zhuang and Miao trombones are popular in western Guangxi and southeastern Guizhou. The total length of the pipe is 155 cm. The upper section is 30 cm long, the nozzle at the top is 5 cm in diameter and 0.8 cm in depth, and the copper round bag at the bottom is 6 cm in diameter. The middle section is 6 1 cm, the horn section is 64 cm, and the diameter of the horn mouth is 22 cm. When playing, pull out the upper middle section, hold the tube straight with your left hand and hold the upper section with your right hand. The tube is slightly to the left, with a pot-shaped horn attached to the mouth, and the pronunciation is mostly pitch and one or two overtones. The voice is deep and rich, and the volume is loud, which can be heard for miles away. You don't usually play alone. In Guangxi and Guizhou, it is the bass instrument of the eight-tone band of all ethnic groups. The music played is all eight-tone music cards.

Yao drum: cylindrical. Popular in Nandan, Tianlin and other places in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Different places have different shapes. The drums in Lihu and Yaozhai areas of Nandan County are mostly framed by hollowing out a whole section of camphor wood, and the upper opening is covered with untreated cowhide and fixed with bamboo nails. The diameter of the drum surface is 60 cm ~ 70 cm, the drum height is 90 cm ~ 100 cm, and the lower end is open. Drum stands in Pingshan and other places in tianlin county are made of wood, and both ends are made of Mengniu skin. The drum surface is about 80 cm in diameter and the drum height is 100 cm ~ 120 cm. Yao Drum is the conductor and leading instrument of Yao Tonggu Band. When playing, put it in the center of the band and hit it with a double pestle. It's loud. There are cross-legged, bending, counter-hitting, cross-clubbing and so on. , alternately play the drum core, drum edge or drum frame. Players dance while playing, the gameplay is ever-changing, and the dance is beautiful and moving. It is often used in national festivals, weddings, funerals and other occasions.

Yao monkey drum, Yao pestle percussion instrument. It is named after the encouragement of monkeys. It is popular in Yao areas in Shanglin County, central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

According to legend, on the Danu Festival of Yao nationality (also known as Yao Nian or Zunniang Festival), the Bunu branch of Yao nationality held a three-day grand national festival from May 27 to 29 of the lunar calendar to commemorate the great victory of their ancestors against the feudal dynasty. At that time, Yao men, women and children dressed in costumes will gather in the Drum Tower Hall from all directions to celebrate. The gongs and drums are loud and people are singing and dancing. Folk dances performed include monkey drum, bronze drum, lusheng and horn. The dancers danced and played, and the atmosphere was unusually warm, reflecting the struggle and production activities of Yao ancestors against the enemy.

Singles, also known as hand gongs and hand supports. It is a percussion instrument of Zhuang, Dong and Yao nationalities. Popular in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, western Guangxi and Guangdong Province.

The gong body is made of brass and has a disc shape. The gong surface is flat without navel, and the gong edge is slightly wider, perpendicular to the gong surface, with a solemn and sincere appearance. The common gong surface diameter is 14 cm, the gong side width is 2.5 cm, the gong wall thickness is 0.3 cm, the gong side has no holes, and the gong rope is not tied. Gong is made of wood, and its head is bent at a right angle, and its length is 14 cm.

When playing, the gong is held in the palm of the left hand, with the gong facing upward, and the right hand is held in the pestle for gravity percussion. Pronunciation is short, high and sharp. It is used to accompany local operas in Guangxi and Guangdong, such as national instrumental ensemble, color tone, harmony opera and tea-picking opera in southern Guangxi, and as a teacher's market.

Yao bamboo tube, also known as bamboo tube piano. This is a percussion instrument of Yao nationality. Popular in Shanglin County and other places in central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Made of a section of bamboo tube, the length of the tube is 120 cm ~ 140 cm, the diameter of the tube is 9 cm ~ 10 cm, the upper end is open, the middle is provided with a bamboo joint, and the bottom of the lower end is left with a joint. It is best to choose bamboo with straight pipe body and thin pipe wall and decorate the pipe body with various patterns.

When playing, the player stands by the pipe, holds the upper end of the bamboo tube with both hands, and hits the ground with the bottom of the bamboo tube, making a rhythmic "plop" sound. Its pronunciation and volume are directly related to the length, diameter and wall thickness of the bamboo tube. The pronunciation of short bamboo tube, small pipe diameter and thick pipe wall is high, and vice versa. Old bamboo with straight tube and thin tube wall has the best pronunciation, bright timbre, strong sound and good sound transmission. Used for folk song and dance accompaniment. On national festivals or festive occasions, several or a dozen bamboo tubes are often played at the same time, with harmonious sound and warm atmosphere.

Yao Ling, Yao percussion instrument. Yao people ring bells. Popular in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County and Napo County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Nanduhui: In the Yaozhai mountain area on the border between China and Vietnam, one of the most primitive and oldest playing instruments, Nanduhui, is still preserved. This musical instrument is made of a kind of leaves called "Leke" on the edge of Yaoshan Mountain. It is very simple to make. It consists of two parts. Part of it is a bamboo tube, about a foot long, and one or two holes are dug in it. When playing, you can press and let go with your fingers flexibly, making three irregular sounds of "di-du-drink", hence the name "di-du". The other part is the sound-transmitting leaf tube, which is made of long "Leke" leaves rolled around one end of the bamboo tube and made into a trumpet shape. When playing, the sound made by the instrument is crisp and pleasant. According to legend, it is a signal sent by young Yao men and women when they are dating on Tanabata.

In addition, Yao people also played "Whispering Drink" to express their good wishes for a bumper agricultural harvest. Whenever the rice and fruit in the field are about to mature, the Yao people immediately make and play "Du Nan Drink", and sing a folk song while blowing: "Du Nan Duyin, ancient ~ Shu ~ Shu (fruit ~ Shu ~ Shu)", expecting bumper harvests.

Konoha is the simplest and oldest musical instrument. Excellent tree species should be selected to blow wood leaves, generally using non-toxic leaves, such as orange, pomelo, poplar, maple, holly and so on. The blade structure is uniform, and the front and back sides should be flat and smooth, especially the moderately flexible and delicate blades. Leaves that are too tender are soft and difficult to pronounce; The old leaves are hard and the tone is not soft. The size of leaves also has a great relationship with play. The leaves are too big or too small to play, and the pronunciation is not good. Generally, leaves are used, with a leaf length of 5.5 cm and a middle leaf width of about 2.2 cm, which is more suitable. Leaves are not resistant to blowing, and a leaf will become soft and tattered after a few blows, so players need more leaves to spare when playing.