What is the structure and working principle of ordinary lathe?

1. Main structure of lathe: The common lathe is mainly composed of lathe bed, spindle box, feed box, slide box, tool rest, polished rod, lead screw and tailstock.

2. Principles

① The main motor M 1 is used to drive the main motion of the spindle and the vertical and horizontal feed motion of the cutter. The motor is a squirrel-cage asynchronous motor without speed regulation, which adopts direct starting mode, the main shaft adopts mechanical speed change, and the forward and reverse rotation adopts mechanical reversing gear. ?

(2) The cooling pump motor M2 provides cooling liquid during machining to prevent the temperature rise of the tool and workpiece from being too high. Direct start mode and continuous working state are adopted. ?

③ The motor M3 is a tool rest fast moving motor, which can be manually controlled at any time according to the needs of use. ?

3. Electrical schematic diagram is the basis of electrical schematic diagram, wiring diagram and component layout diagram. First of all, I will look at the use of electrical schematic diagram and component index method, and then master the starting and braking methods of three-phase asynchronous motor on the basis of mastering basic concepts and skills such as self-locking and interlocking. ?

Extended data

Lubrication and maintenance work

The choice of lubrication mode and grease of machine tool is based on the requirements of machine tool structure, automation degree, working conditions and accuracy. The lubrication of machine tools should try to avoid temperature rise and vibration, and at the same time reduce wear and consumption. As a complex and precise machine, machine tools will use a variety of transmission devices. According to the equipment type, working environment and required precision requirements, there are different requirements for the viscosity, oil oxidation resistance, extreme pressure resistance and other related properties of lubricating oil.

Reference Baidu Encyclopedia-Lathe