What are the customs and habits of Meizhou?

Jiaoling Hakka is a descendant of Han nationality in ancient Central Plains, and has formed unique customs and traditional consciousness in the long-term handicraft life.

I. Production Customs

Farming is the main task, and the grain will be divided sooner or later. During the busy farming season, the villagers help each other for free. Men go out to make a living. Housework and farm work are undertaken by women. Traditional farmers have plows, scrolls, feet, iron bars, sickles, swing rakes, wooden keel waterwheels and so on.

Women go up the mountain to mow grass. Their generation name is Gelujian, and the Gelujian of Hakka women is the most distinctive. A load of Lugu tips carries eight bundles of * * *, which are tied with bamboo poles. In the old society, bamboo was planted in gardens, and women used it to weave summer cloth, which was called home machine cloth. Another kind of jute is woven into rope and used as rope, ox rope, etc.

Second, life customs

Clothing used to be made of quilts and clothes by self-woven weavers, but now it has been eliminated. From the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, the official gentry and Confucian scholars wore robes and mandarin jackets, while the civilian men and women wore cardigans, which were called cardigans and were knee-length. Various styles of suits are popular now.

Shoes and hats used to have cloth shoes, commonly known as Eminem shoes. There are many kinds of sandals and traditional wooden shoes in Guangdong customs, and their styles are increasingly novel. In the past winter, men wore felt hats, top hats and cotton hats. Women wear hats (skirts) made of blue cloth in winter.

Three meals a day, mainly rice. In the past, I cooked rice in a pot in the morning, scooped it up with a hood and put it in my rice bowl for a day. Traditional dishes include braised pork with garlic, stewed dog meat, fried chicken wine, brine chicken, braised pork, dipped duck, stuffed tofu, raw fish and immortals.

The most distinctive and representative Hakka residence is "Longwei", which is mostly built in front of hills, slopes or fields criss-crossing. Its architectural technology is the most advanced combination of "lifting beam" and "crossing bucket" in the architectural art of Han nationality in the Central Plains, and its structure is generally "one into three halls, two compartments and one enclosure". There is a lawn in front of the house, which is divided into upper hall, middle hall and lower hall. The left and right sides are divided into two compartments or four compartments, which extend backward to form a horseshoe-shaped rear fence. It is characterized by taking the north-south meridian as the semi-axis, which is symmetrical from left to right, and combining the half-moon pool in front of the house with the dragon enclosure behind the main hall into a large polar whole.

Third, marriage customs.

Before liberation, the marriages of Jiaoling people were divided into "big marriage", "child bride", "waiting for a girl" and "second marriage". Marrying in a big bank is mostly an arranged marriage of "parents' orders and matchmakers' words". The procedures include engagement, lottery, wedding banquet, wedding ceremony and three dynasties. On the wedding day, women wear cheongsam, a crested phoenix and a sedan chair. When getting married, she first uses peach branches or banyan branches to clear the way, which is called Tuoqing. When the man gets home, the groom will kick open the sedan chair door and help the bride into the house to meet the bride and get married. In the old society, after a small family gave birth to a boy, she took (received) a girl from a neighbor with a surname, which is commonly known as "careful uncle". When you are an adult, you will get married on New Year's Eve. This is called consummation. This is a child bride. Waiting for Langmei means that in the old society, some poor families didn't have their own sons, so they bought a girl to raise them first, and when they had boys, they became couples and got married when they grew up. Some daughters-in-law are eighteen, and the "little husband" is only a few years old, so there is a saying that "eighteen wives are three years old". Second marriage refers to women's remarriage, which was often discriminated against in the old society. After the founding of New China, marriage was newly established and became a civilized trend. There are group weddings, men going to women's homes, tourist weddings, tea parties and other forms, and the wedding is simple and warm.

Fourth, the custom of sacrifice.

In the old society, the old man died, commonly known as "death"; Burial, commonly known as "returning to the mountain". Funerals also have a lot of red tape, and rich families have to delay monks from chanting (commonly known as fasting). In Jiaoling County, coffin burial is the most important thing, but in addition to the old Xi Zhi, cremation and sacrifice were also carried out. All surnames in Jiaoling have ancestral temples, and the ancestral temples located in the county seat are also called family temples. Sacrifice to ancestors can be divided into spring sacrifice and autumn sacrifice. Spring festival is mainly about sweeping graves, and autumn festival is in August. Each surname has its own festival day, from the first day of August to the autumn equinox. However, in some areas, the date of ancestor worship is July 30 or other time.