Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - Brief introduction of China's hotel management thought.
Brief introduction of China's hotel management thought.
Management is usually interpreted as governance and treatment. Management thought is the general name of opinions, ideas and opinions formed by people thinking about management activities in social practice. It is a conscious and systematic reflection of various social relations and their contradictory movements in various management practices in social life. Management thought is gradually formed and developed on the basis of management practice, and has gone through the development process from ideological germination and ideological formation to continuous systematization and deepening. The development course of human management thought is long. The development of management thought can be analyzed from ancient management thought and modern management thought, which can be divided into four stages: the first stage can be divided into early management thought, the second stage can be divided into classical early management thought, the third stage can be divided into medium management thought, and the fourth stage can be divided into modern management thought. American business elites first saw the prominent role of management in economic development.
All over the world, the management thought of any country is deeply rooted in the living environment and national culture soil of this country, and it will be stamped with the traditional culture of this country and nation without exception. China's ancient management thought also bears a distinct brand of China region and traditional culture. Management comes into being and develops with the development of human history. Management has existed since human history. Man is a gregarious animal. When they engage in collective production and social activities, management comes into being because of the need to organize and coordinate actions. China is an ancient civilization with a long history of 5,000 years. In the long history of the Chinese nation's long-term survival, reproduction and development, it has created splendid traditional national culture.
China's ancient management thought is mainly embodied in hundred schools of thought's thought from pre-Qin to Han Dynasty. It can be roughly divided into: "people-oriented" management thought; The management thought of "correcting yourself first"; The management thought of "economic right view" with dialectical thinking; Practical strategic management thought; The comprehensive and harmonious management thought of "harmony between man and nature"; The management thought of "governing by doing nothing and letting nature take its course". Rich in content, it is worth learning and using for reference today.
Influenced by China's living environment, patriarchal clan system and Confucian Taoist culture, the thinking mode of China's ancient management thought embodies the characteristics of "combining rigidity with softness". This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the decision-making thought, the choice of righteousness and benefit, the incentive thought with clear rewards and punishments, the thought of combining morality with punishment, the thought of sharing the same desire from top to bottom, the unified thought of insisting on group effect, the impartial doctrine of the mean, the dialectical thought of the transformation of opposites and the people-oriented thought.
Throughout the management practice in ancient China, management and administration were basically integrated with the conditions and social environment at that time. In fact, the success of ancient management practice as we know it mainly depends on the quality of managers or decision makers. The richer a manager's personal knowledge, ability and experience, the more likely he is to carry out effective management activities. Otherwise, management may be ineffective or even fail. Therefore, management practice is inseparable from personal experience, which is a typical experience management. The natural attribute of management and the social attribute of management urge it to embody the command labor of the development level of social productive forces and the supervision labor adapted to the production relations. Therefore, the development of management thought is determined by the conditions and times at that time.
China's ancient management thought emphasized harmony, advocated coordination, and pursued the realm of harmony, so that both sides of contradictions and differences could be coordinated and unified, and * * * together constituted a harmonious and dynamic world. However, China's ancient management thought of "harmony is precious" is not unprincipled. When he talked about the unity of "harmony", he also attached great importance to "difference", that is, while emphasizing "harmony is precious", he also attached great importance to "harmony without difference" Confucius said: "Gentlemen are harmonious but different, while villains are at odds" and advocated that "gentlemen are not one party". It means that a gentleman is harmonious but different, and a villain is harmonious but different. Therefore, "harmony" here is not blindly pursuing consistency, identity and selflessness, but pursuing the best combination of the whole through the complementary differences of various factors. This is the positive attitude and method people adopt to deal with contradictions and differences. The concrete manifestations of this concept of harmony in management behavior are: yin and yang complement each other, five elements feedback, combining rigidity with softness, dynamic balance and moderate harmony, so as to achieve a harmonious balance between people and between people and nature. It can be seen that the concept of "harmony" in China's ancient management thought is the concentrated expression of China's traditional collective ethics in management, which plays a lubricant role in guiding people to deal with interpersonal relationships and should be highly valued by all managers.
Interpersonal relationship is an important issue in modern organizational management. As a factor affecting the efficiency of human activities, its mechanism lies in regulating people's attitudes and behaviors through emotional interaction between people. The core of management in China traditional culture is people, which has left us a lot of valuable wealth. For example, how to play a role in social life and decision-making management with morality as the core, lead people to management goals, and realize the goals of rulers. Confucius advocated benevolent governance and courtesy governance, which can be said to have reached the highest ideal realm. As a result, a management model with the aim of "seeking governance" and "seeking goodness" and the characteristics of humanism was finally formed. Under this mechanism, "courtesy" plays a key regulatory role in various management behaviors. And "the use of ceremony, harmony is precious", in which the internal mechanism to promote "human harmony" is "benevolence", with "benevolence" as the core of ceremony, and its basic meaning is "love". This kind of thought relies on the leader's example strength and moral influence to influence the masses to achieve their goals, takes psychological feelings as the link, takes the infiltration of reason as the principle, and permeates "rule by virtue" in the form of strong human feelings, which embodies superb management art and plays an unparalleled role.
In modern society, it is the genius of modern management to emphasize the harmony of interpersonal relationship and pay attention to controlling people's behavior by using human feelings. On the one hand, it can meet people's psychological and social needs, make people form a strong sense of group, and improve people's sense of identity and responsibility for the organization; On the other hand, it can also make the management organization have strong self-organization function. Because under the control mechanism of humanism, individuals in the organization can realize interpersonal interaction through inner inspiration. This interaction through emotion is the self-organization and self-adjustment of the management system. Therefore, interpersonal relationship plays an irreplaceable role in today's organizational management. Managers should fulfill their responsibilities: correctly handle the relationship between righteousness and benefit, seek common development in the overall grasp, and realize the ultimate goal-the unity of righteousness and benefit. Only in this way can managers truly introduce exemplary behaviors, formulate correct and effective policies and measures, truly respect people, fully mobilize and give play to the subjective initiative of everyone in the management system, form a joint force, and create rich material and spiritual values.
Management is a kind of culture. Only by studying hard and deeply understanding the essence of traditional culture can we carry out management innovation on the basis of inheriting traditional culture. With its unique charm, China's ancient incentive methods occupy a place in the history of world management, greatly enriching the management theory, many of which have essence. Today, we can only form a management theory with China characteristics, explore a management method suitable for the national conditions in practice, and make due contributions to the construction of socialism with China characteristics by constantly excavating the management ideas of our predecessors, constantly combining the existing management methods and basing ourselves on China's national conditions.
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