What do you mean by original drawings in animation, and what else

The key frame image that guides the direction of an animation is like a skeleton, on which the flesh and blood of an animation is born. In games, the original art is the drawing of the character modeling and scene images that guide the creation and promotion of the game. There is also a common term for computer and hand-drawn works, which is illustration, some original works.

Animation production is a very tedious and heavy work, the division of labor is extremely detailed. Usually divided into pre-production, mid-production, post-production and so on. Pre-production includes planning, setting, and fund-raising, etc.; mid-production includes storyboards, original drawings, intermediate drawings, animation, coloring, background painting, photography, dubbing, recording, etc.; and post-production includes editing, special effects, subtitling, compositing, and previews.

Today's animation, the addition of computers has made the production of animation easier, so there are a lot of people on the Internet to use FLASH to do some short animation. And for different people, the process and method of creating animation may be different, but the basic rules are the same. The production process of traditional animation can be divided into four stages: overall planning, design and production, specific creation and filming and production, and each stage has a number of steps:

1, the overall design stage

1) Script. The first step in the production of any movie is to create a script, but the script of an animated film is very different from the script of a live-action feature film. The dialog in a general film is very important to the performance of the actors, while in animated films should be avoided as much as possible complex dialog. The heaviest emphasis here is on representing visual action on screen, and the best animation is achieved through slapstick action in which there is no dialog, but rather visual creations that stimulate the imagination.　2) Storyboarding. Based on the script, the director creates a comic strip-like story sketch (split-screen drawing script) that brings out the action described in the script. Storyboard has a number of segments, each segment consists of a series of scenes, a scene is generally limited to a certain location and a group of characters, and the scene can be divided into a series of shots that are regarded as picture units, thus constructing the overall structure of an animated film. The storyboard, while drawing each sub-shot, should be accompanied by corresponding descriptions of the action, the timing of the dialog, the camera instructions, and the picture connections that are part of its content. General 30-minute animation script, if set up about 400 sub-plot, will draw about 800 pictures of the picture script - storyboard.　(3) shooting table. This is the director to prepare the entire film production schedule planning table, in order to guide the animation creative collective parties to work in a unified and coordinated manner.

2, design and production stage

1) Design. Design work is based on the storyboard, determine the background, foreground and props form and shape, complete the scene environment and background map design and production. In addition, it is also necessary to design the shape of the characters or other roles, and draw a standard drawing of several different angles of each shape for the reference of other animators.　2) Sound. In animation production, sound recording had to be done before animation production because the movements had to match the music. After the recording was completed, the editorial staff also had to break down the recorded sound to each frame position precisely, i.e., the first few seconds (or the first few frames) when the speech started, how long the speech lasted, etc. The sound recording was done at the end of the animation. Finally, the entire sound history (i.e., the sound track) has to be broken down into a bar table corresponding to each picture position and sound for the animators to refer to.

3, specific creation stage

1) original drawing creation. The original drawing is created by the animation designer to draw some key images of the animation. Usually a designer is only responsible for a fixed character or other characters.　2) Intermediate illustration creation. Intermediate illustration refers to the two important positions or the frame of the picture of the picture, usually is a picture between the two original drawings. The assistant animator produces an intermediate drawing, and the rest of the art staff then interpolates the drawing of the character's movements to connect the drawings. In the original drawings between the additional interpolation of the continuous action of the drawing, to comply with the specified action time, so that it can be expressed close to the natural action.

4, shooting production stage

This stage is an important part of animation production, any details on the screen will be produced here, can be said to determine the quality of the animation of the key steps (the other is the design of the content, i.e., script).　The following are the specific division of labor or steps in this stage of production of two-dimensional animation and three-dimensional animation, respectively.

Edit two-dimensional animation production

Drawing supervision

Correction of the original drawings, animation of the finished product, to see whether the character's face is in line with the character settings, whether the movement is smooth and so on. If necessary, you must be able to re-draw, so you must be a senior original artist and animator to be able to do it.

Color Designation

The job of designating colors is called color setting, and sometimes it is called color setting, or Color Setting, Color Styling, Color Designer, Color Coordinator, and Color Key in English. In addition to specifying that "clothes should be red and pants should be black", it is more important to specify the shading and layering colors required for celluloid paintings, and to use XXX pigments.

Shishigami

Clannad

Clannad

The original meaning of the Japanese word is to complete or finish, and in Chinese it means to color, and in English it is called Painting or Finishing, which is done on the reverse side of the celluloid sheet according to the number of the pigment marked on each block.

Sound Supervisor

Responsible for insertion of soundtrack arrangements, preparation of effect sounds, dubbing recordings, supervision of mixing projects, and so on.

Producer

The Producer's job is to plan the production schedule, organize the daily progress of the production, search for production groups/companies, and seek out external sponsors. He or she must also work with the Executive Producer to ensure that all the components of the project are assembled correctly and on time.

Supervision

Supervision is actually the Japanese word for Director. The director of a Japanese animation production is the key to determining the atmosphere and style of the entire production, and is in charge of the pace of the story, the atmosphere and the twists and turns, and so on. Even with the same character setup, the same drawing style and production team, there will be a very different style depending on the director.

Character Setting

Character Setting is responsible for designing the character's appearance and clothing style, and its job is not only to let the subsequent artist know what the person to be drawn looks like, but also to tell them about the character's facial features, eyes, and expression, as well as designing the same character's face to be viewed from a number of different perspectives, as well as being different from the average manga, The character's face has to be designed to be seen from several different angles, as well as to be different from the usual caricature, with a closed line of brows. The design of the robots, vehicles, and weapons that appear in the scene is the mechanical setting, and in addition to drawing the shape of the machinery, the possible details of the structure, movement, and openable places must also be indicated. Unless otherwise specified, the design is usually a clean line drawing with no shading.

SINARIO

SINARIO

It is called "scenario" in English, which means "script" in Chinese. The plot of the story is written out in plain text, including scenes, locations, background sound effects, character dialog, character actions, etc.

Continuity Script

This is Continuity Script in English, and in Chinese it is called a Scene Sheet. This step is the first step in actually converting what is on the paper into a picture to be presented in the future. The person who draws the script follows the instructions of the script, turns it into a picture in his mind and then draws it on the paper. The purpose of drawing a cut sheet is to break down the continuous action of the animation into 1 cut (sub-scene) unit, and label the way of operation, dialog, special effects, and so on, next to the picture. The most important information, such as the time elapsed and the number of shots in each cut, is also written on the right side of the cut list.

Layout

Layout is a relatively rare task, close to Chinese composition in nature, and is only used in some theatrical productions, for example, to design multi-layered backgrounds, so that each layer of the background moves at a different speed, so that a realistic sense of distance and proximity can be shown. And the person who draws the Layout must realize the existence of the camera in his mind, look at every blade of grass in the scene from the camera's point of view, and then draw these images in detail.　The main reason for having this job is to compensate for the fact that the director, who is not very good at drawing, draws the scene list, presenting the cluttered and abbreviated images carefully as a basis for the original drawings, animations, backgrounds, color designations, and so on, in the future. Mamoru Oshii's works, such as Mobile Police Theater Edition, Mobile Police Theater Edition 2, and Attack on Titan, are examples of the use of a large number of Layout, which is characterized by "the ability to accurately express 3D visual effects even with 2D drawing".

Acting

The Japanese word for "acting" is a unique title in Japanese animation production. Simply put, he is the person who assists the director, and his role in the TV series is not quite the same as in the OVA and MOVIE versions.　In the TV series, the director is too busy to take care of every episode, so the "performer" of each episode is the "exclusive director" of that episode, following the general director's intention and controlling the whole production of that episode. In OVAs and Movies, the "Performer" position is more like an assistant director, who understands the director's intentions and assists with the details of the performance (the "performance" is the process of translating the text of the script into the camera images, kind of like the process of the so-called "scene" in a western movie or stage play). (Performance work is the process of translating the text of the script into camera images, somewhat like the so-called scene scheduling in Western movies or stage plays). His work is quite similar to that of a supervisor, who must be quite familiar with the language of animation, but does not necessarily have to be very good at drawing (just as a director does not necessarily have to be very good at drawing), so some people translate it as "Co-director", and others translate it as "Assistant Director" or "Executive Director".

Edit paragraph 3D animation production

1, storyboard (Storyboard) After a good story ideas, you can draw into the storyboard animation. Here you can reflect the basic expression of the character, pose, scene location and other information. It's kind of like a simplified version of a miniature book. After all the work is based on this, if there is any modification in here to complete the cost is the smallest.　2, Set Dressing (Set Dressing) This step is to perfect the scene, it does not need lighting, special effects modification. But this is in the next few steps of the background of the foundation; and this step in the need to build a lot of models (such as buildings, plants, etc.), these models are usually more complex, composed of thousands of polygons, in order to make them look real, natural, animators have to spend a lot of energy to do this thing.　3, layout (Layout) This step is in accordance with the story version of the production of three-dimensional scene Layout, translated into Chinese is probably the layout, planning can be. This is the first step from two-dimensional into three-dimensional, here can more accurately reflect the scene layout and the location of the task between the relationship. Scene does not require lighting, materials, special effects and other very detailed things that allow the director to see the accurate camera position, length, switching, and the basic pose of the character and other information to achieve the purpose.　4, Layout Animation (Blocking Animation) This step requires the animator in accordance with the set and Layout in the design of the lens to create Blocking Animation, which began to enter the real animation production stage. It is to set up the key pose of the action, which can reflect the character's body movement, expression and other information in detail. After the director to recognize the next step.　5、Produce Animation (Animation) After passing the previous step, the animator can further produce animation details according to Blocking Animation. Add extrusion and stretching, follow, overlap, secondary action and so on (such as the mouth when speaking). At this point the animator's action is complete. This is also the core of the film, other special effects lighting and so on are to assist the animation more colorful things.　6, Simulation, coloring (Simulation & Set Shading) This step is the production of dynamics related to some things, such as hair, clothing and fabric. With the material mapping, the character and the background will have a color, which will look more detailed, realistic and natural. After this process, the color will be able to change in different lights (such as glass can reflect the surrounding scenery).　7, special effects (Effects) Effects this step to create fire, smoke, water and other effects. Although these things belong to the spices, but the effect of the animation without them Cars

will be a lot worse.　8, Lighting (Lighting) again good scene without beautiful lighting is only half-finished. By placing a virtual light source to simulate the light in nature, according to the previous steps to create a scene and material editing to set the reflectivity and other data, to the scene after the lighting, and the natural world of the scene is almost no different (of course, this has to be rendered to see).　9, rendering (Rendering) This is the last step in the production of three-dimensional animation video, rendering the computer in the complexity of the data and output, plus post-production (add audio, etc.), is a film that can be used for screening, because the effects of the previous steps need to be rendered in order to be shown (the production process by the hardware limitations of the high-quality real-time display of the image). There are many ways to render, but they are all based on three basic rendering algorithms: Scan-line (Scan-liner), Ray-trace, and Radiosity (Cars utilizes ray-tracing to make the scenery look more realistic, but it also greatly increases rendering time).

Animation masters

America: David Ellick, Walt Disney, Japan: Osamu Tezuka, Hayao Miyazaki, China: Wan Brothers, Tewei, Xu Jingda

Animation tools

Since animation production requires precision, detailed division of labor, and its production methods are based on a single line and the existence of scenes and people, people and objects, such as the alignment and the color boundary relationship. 　1. animation table also known as "translucent table", "copy table". It is different from the general writing desk is to frosted glass for the desktop, below the lamp, so that the desktop can be light, see more than one superimposed on the drawing, used for animation line drawing and copying. The desktop part is often designed to tilt, so as not to direct light in the eyes and facilitate the work.　2. Copy desk Copy desk, also known as transcription desk, is used to bring the original copy of the use of tools. There are fluorescent lamps, white white acrylic board, glass and box composed of platform.　3. Positioning ruler is used to fix the animation paper when the animation staff draws the design and original animation or to ensure the accurate positioning of the background drawing and celluloid film when the traditional animation is photographed and used as a tool. In the animation production of all aspects of the design of the staff of the various departments are inseparable from its role in the positioning. The positioning ruler can fix dozens of sheets of drawing paper with standard holes punched at one time, and it can also be used for flipping through the drawings.　4. animation paper animation paper according to different uses, generally can be divided into the original drawing paper, repair shape paper and animation with three kinds of paper.　General animation paper can choose 70~100g/m2 white paper. In the production of film and television animation, the size of the paper specifications are mainly divided into two kinds, the size of about 24cm * 27cm, 27cm * 33cm (generally known as 9F and 12F), is based on the picture framing and screen different needs and set out. Animation paper should have good transparency, paper quality needs to be uniform, white, smooth, hard edges, and thin and good toughness.　Original drawing paper on the paper quality requirements are not too high.　Most of the repair paper to repair the shape of the paper using a thin yellowish paper.　5. Hole punch The role of the hole punch and the positioning ruler is the opposite. The main role is to be used as an original drawing paper, design paper, repair paper, animation paper, background paper and celluloid sheets and other paper needed to be fixed in the positioning ruler, punched with the positioning ruler of the three fixed columns (a cylinder, two columns) the same size, an equal distance from the hole, so that these papers can be accurately set in the positioning ruler.　6. eraser, eraser, ruler, iron clip 7. animation pen animation pen refers to the animation film pre-production, post-production in the use of various types of pens. Mainly pencils, automatic pencils, colored pencils, signing pens, dip pens, outlining pens, brushes, watercolors, watercolors, and so on.　8. celluloid film, also known as the "bright film", is a transparent film made of polyester material, the surface is smooth, fully transparent such as thin paper. The production of animated films using this material, both different action roles were drawn on different films, multi-layer shooting, and the picture is not affected by each other, but also with the background overlap in the filming together, to enhance the picture of the level and three-dimensional effect.　9. tracing ink, coloring paint 10. background paper 11. stopwatch 12. camera table, frame-by-frame camera The camera that shoots animation roles is a frame-by-frame camera that shoots animation drawings one by one. The camera is mounted vertically on the column of a stage that is used for filming animation, and it can be moved up and down by a crank as needed.　13. Photography table Photography table is used to record the animation character performance action time, speed, dialogue and background photography requirements, is the main basis for each animation lens drawing, shooting. The table is labeled with the film title, mirror number, specifications, seconds and content, as well as the mouth, photography requirements and other items, is the director, original drawings, animation, tracing, coloring, proofreading and filming and other processes to communicate with each other the intention of the bridge.