What is paradox? What is a rebuttal?

Paradox is that there are two opposite conclusions on the surface of the same proposition or reasoning, and both conclusions can be proved to be justified.

The abstract formula of paradox is: If event A occurs, it is deduced that it is not A; if it is not A, it is deduced that it is A. ..

Refutation is an argument method to refute the enemy's argument, prove its error and absurdity, and thus prove its own point of view is correct. The function of refutation lies in "breaking", that is, distinguishing right from wrong, refuting wrong views and establishing correct views at the same time.

Refutation can be divided into three types: refutation point, refutation basis and refutation argument.

Extended data

Classical Paradox: Einstein-Podolski-Rosen Paradox

This paradox is a thought experiment, which refutes the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics-Copenhagen interpretation, and challenges the long-standing concepts of observed values of physical quantities and values that can be explained by physical theories.

This paradox aroused people's interest in quantum entanglement, and led to Bell inequality, which was put forward by john bell in 1964 to clarify the dispute between Copenhagen interpretation and EPR paradox.

The EPR experiment produced a dichotomy result:

1. The measurement results of part A of the quantum system have nonlocal effects on the physical reality of part B in another distant place; Quantum mechanics can predict what kind of results will be obtained by doing some measurements in Part B in the future.

2. Incomplete quantum mechanics: some physical entity elements corresponding to B cannot be explained by quantum mechanics.

Although it first appeared in the form of thinking experiment to show the incompleteness of quantum mechanics, the real experimental results later refuted the so-called localization principle, which made the original intention of love, wave and Luo invalid.

The "ghost-like action at a distance" that puzzles Ai, Bo and Luo has repeatedly appeared in countless repeatable experiments.

Einstein did not accept that quantum mechanics is a "real" and complete theory until his death, and he has been trying to find an explanation that is compatible with relativity and does not imply "God who rolls dice", which can be observed from his dissatisfaction with the inherent randomness of quantum mechanics and his contradiction with intuition.

Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Refutation

Baidu encyclopedia-paradox