What are the retrieval tools and ways of traditional standard documents in China?

Ordinary method

The commonly used method, called tool method or direct method, is a method of directly using document retrieval tools to find documents. In the selection of retrieval tools, comprehensive retrieval tools are generally used first, and then professional retrieval tools are used according to the subject content. The combination of the two can improve the recall and precision. Common methods can be divided into sequential method, reverse method and spot check method according to time range.

Subsequent method

Based on the initial age of the retrieval subject, it searches from far to near in chronological order until the found literature information meets the requirements. The advantage of this method is high recall rate, but the disadvantage is time-consuming and laborious.

Backward search method

This is a method of searching documents from near to far in reverse. This method is mostly used in new topics or old topics with new contents, and what is needed is the recently published literature, so as to grasp the level and research trend of this topic in recent years. Therefore, once you have mastered the required literature information, you can stop searching. The advantage of this method is to save time, but the disadvantage is that the missed detection rate is high.

test method

According to the characteristics of the development of research topics, it is a method to find and seize a period when the subject develops rapidly and more documents are published. The advantage of this method is that it can obtain more literature information with less retrieval time, but the disadvantage is that it is necessary to be familiar with the characteristics of subject development, otherwise it is difficult to achieve the expected results.

Retrospective law

Retrospective method, also known as retrospective method, is a method of tracing from near to far by using the references behind the existing documents. The advantage of this method is intuitive and convenient, and it can be traced back to a large number of references on a certain subject. This is a good way to expand information sources without or without retrieval tools. The disadvantages are low retrieval efficiency, low recall rate and high missed detection rate.

synthetic method

Comprehensive method, also known as circular method, subsection method or alternating method, is a synthesis of common law and retrospective method. In other words, the references behind the retrieval tools and documents are used for backtracking. These two methods can be used alternately until they are satisfied, and higher recall and accuracy can be obtained. Is one of the commonly used methods.

Document retrieval mode

When using the retrieval tool to search, we mainly use its various indexes, that is, through the various retrieval methods provided by the index of the retrieval tool to find documents. Retrieval methods are mainly divided into the following categories:

Content feature method

Classification method

This is a method to retrieve documents according to subject attributes. The classification table of retrieval tools provides a method to retrieve documents from the perspective of classification, and the key to its retrieval lies in correctly understanding the classification table in retrieval tools. Classified literature retrieval is convenient to obtain systematic literature clues from the perspective of discipline system, that is, the function of national retrieval.

The texts of most retrieval tools are arranged according to classification, so we can use its classification catalogue table for classified retrieval. Classification can centrally retrieve the literature information of the same discipline, but it is difficult to give the exact categories of some emerging disciplines and marginal disciplines, which is easy to cause false detection and missed detection. Therefore, when retrieving documents from classification, we must master the classification system and related rules of the subject.

Thematic approach

It is a way to search according to the subject content of literature information. Use keywords, keywords and descriptors extracted from the document information to represent the content of the document, and arrange them in alphabetical order. As long as the searcher determines the search term according to the subject, he can search one by one in word order like a dictionary, and find the necessary clues from the index items under the search term. Topic method is flexible and accurate in expressing concepts, and documents with the same topic content can be gathered together and retrieved at the same time.

External feature method

Ownership method

This is a method to retrieve documents according to their titles. Generally used to find books, periodicals and individual documents.

Author's method

This is a method to find documents according to the names of known authors. Through the author's way, we can retrieve the main literature information of an author's special research.

Digital path

This is a way to find documents by known numbers. Such as patent number index, standard number index of standard documents, etc.

Other ways

Searching the index of the required literature through special channels is an auxiliary retrieval method. Such as drug name index, molecular formula index, etc.

Document retrieval steps

Document retrieval is a process of searching documents according to the requirements of the subject and using retrieval tools according to certain steps. The scientific arrangement of retrieval steps is called retrieval strategy. Retrieval strategy is an information retrieval scheme designed for retrieval problems, which adopts retrieval interview and technology to achieve a certain precision and recall. Literature retrieval generally goes through the following steps:

Analyze the theme and formulate the retrieval strategy.

First of all, we should understand the purpose and significance of the subject, make clear the theme, research points and main characteristics of the subject, and then formulate retrieval strategies according to the characteristics and retrieval requirements of the subject. The formulation of retrieval strategy includes retrieval problems, the selection of retrieval methods, the selection of retrieval tools, and the limitation of retrieval scope (specialty, time, language, and literature type), among which the most important thing is to determine retrieval marks, such as keywords, subject words, classification numbers, authors, author units, etc. A search query expression consists of a search identifier according to a Boolean logical relationship.

Using retrieval tools to find literature clues

According to the needs of subject retrieval, select relevant retrieval tools, then use the constructed retrieval questions to find relevant indexes according to the corresponding retrieval channels, and then find corresponding literature clues in the literature part or title record part according to the addresses indicated by the indexes, such as title, content summary, author and author unit, literature source, etc.

The original document is required according to the source.

First of all, the source of the document should be identified by the document type, and the abbreviation should be restored to the original name. Then according to the full name of the literature source, find the corresponding collection catalogue and collect it to the collection unit, and then borrow or copy the original text.