Knowledge of thinking

The way of thinking is the way of people's rational understanding, is a variety of human thinking elements and their synthesis, according to a certain method and procedure to show a relatively stable stereotyped thinking style, that is, the awareness of the launch, operation and conversion of the internal mechanism and process. The following is the knowledge of thinking I bring to you, I hope you like it!

1. What is the way of thinking

The way of thinking, there are a variety of understandings, more representative of the following kinds.

The way of thinking is the way of people's rational understanding, is a variety of human thinking elements and their synthesis, according to a certain method and procedure to show a relatively stable stereotyped thinking style, that is, the understanding of the launch, operation and conversion of the internal mechanism and process. Commonly, it is the mode of observation, analysis, problem solving, programmed "mental structure".

The way of thinking, as an important category of philosophical epistemology, includes two interrelated aspects. From the perspective of the subject of thinking, it is the mode or style adopted by the subject in thinking activities; from the perspective of the relationship between the subject and the object, it is the tool and means for the subject to grasp the object and access to the object.

In the sense of modern information science, the way of thinking is the way and method for the subject to obtain information from the outside world, process the information, and thus form new information.

The way of thinking, by its very nature, is the movement of the human brain. As an "inherent property" or "way of being" of the human brain, the result of the movement of thinking is the spirit or consciousness, and the way of thinking is the way to produce this result. Therefore, the way of thinking is the way of producing ideas, concepts, consciousness, theories, programs, and all other software, i.e., the way of producing mental products.

2. The Composition of the Way of Thinking

1. The Goal of Thinking

i.e., the purpose and the result to be realized by thinking. In terms of the difference between traditional Chinese and Western philosophical thinking, traditional Chinese philosophy, especially traditional Confucianism, focuses on the goal of thinking on the Tao, especially on the way to be a human being, so the moral goodness is the primary purpose to be realized. Western philosophical thinking, since the first philosophers of ancient Greece, has a tradition of intellectual rationality, their main interest in thinking lies in the pursuit of knowledge, to explore the objective truth of the world of objects as the primary purpose of philosophical thinking, which is also an important reason why there is always a close correlation between Western philosophy and science. This is also the reason why there is always a close correlation between Western philosophy and science. This determines the two different thinking traditions of Chinese and Western philosophy, the former taking the subject's own inner mind and the behavioral interactions of the interacting subjects as the target, and forming imaginative thinking through inward reflection. The latter, on the other hand, takes the external world as the goal to form object-oriented thinking. It can be seen that the goal of thinking is directly related to other aspects of the way of thinking.

2. Thinking stereotypes

That is, the thinking ability as the main body of the long-term formation of thinking posture and inertia, which shows the depth of thinking is possible to achieve and the operation of the posture. This kind of stereotypes often with distinctive group, national and regional characteristics, is a certain geographical conditions of the nation, the group of long-term thinking tradition of precipitation. Therefore, the thinking stereotype is a solid thinking factor. For each cognitive subject, this factor is not only related to self-practice experience, but also more closely related to the race and group on which it exists. In practice, people think in a unique and unconscious way. It can be seen that the stereotype of thinking is a kind of irrational subconscious factor in the thinking process of the cognizant subject. However, it plays an important role in the thinking process of a transcendental field potential, not depending on the content of the thinking object for the transfer, and directly affect the depth of thinking, results and level.

3. The subject's tendency to think

That is, in a certain thinking atmosphere, the tendency of thinking operation may be selected, which is based on the thinking of the stereotypes, is a specific expression of the stereotypes of thinking. At the same time, the tendency to think is not only rooted in the stereotypes of thinking, but also related to the attributes and characteristics of the object under the conditions of specific knowledge, as well as the subjective expectations of the subject of the object of knowledge, choice and other factors. For the true and false, beauty and ugliness, good and evil, good and bad knowledge and judgment, as well as the understanding of the same objective facts, if objectively there are a variety of ideas, then, according to the subjective interest of the subject of the self, hobbies, and so on, must choose the kind of the subject for their own most favorable ideas. For example, on the issue of being a government official, there are a variety of understandings and sayings nowadays. Many people believe that "people do not do the official, do the official are general", while another person is that "good people to do the official". Specifically analyzed, these two contradictory judgments are two opposite to the tendency to think under the two kinds of ideas to show the opposite results. The former is mainly from the point of view of the officialdom's filth, bureaucracy and many mediocre officials' human nature's alienation, based on the maintenance of human nature's integrity, justice and basic human nature's sincerity, the pessimistic and transcendent judgment made. This kind of judgment shows individual, pessimistic, and negative characteristics in the tendency of thinking. The latter, on the other hand, chooses a changeable, group, optimistic, and positive tendency in the tendency of thinking. Advocates to good people as officials to reduce the chances of bad people as officials, so that the good people of the personality of the true, good, beautiful influence, transformation and purification of the official atmosphere, so that it tends to the good direction. It can be seen that the tendency to think has a certain degree of subjectivity, utilitarianism, selectivity. Choose a different way of thinking, for the cognitive process has an important impact, therefore, the way of thinking must study the tendency to think.

4. Thinking strategy

Refers to a certain mindset under the premise of the selection of the corresponding tendency to think, thinking about the specific operation of the process of skills, methods. It is directly related to the fine degree of thinking, manifested in the specific ways and means of thinking operation. With different methods from different perspectives and levels of thinking about a certain problem, breakthrough, for the understanding of the results of the truth and its degree, has a different impact. For example, in the process of understanding the microcosmic world, manifested in the skills and methods of thinking, with image thinking and abstract thinking, macroscopic discursive and micro-empirical different methods of cognition, you can come up with different results. Physicists accustomed to the mechanical deterministic thinking of classical mechanics, when they cannot explain the transmission of the interaction force of microscopic particles, they use image thinking to fantasize and construct the so-called "Ether" and give the "Ether" an ideal physical model, but they cannot prove the "Ether" by experimental methods. However, the existence of "Ether" could not be proved by experimental methods. Subsequent experimental science disproved the theory of "Ether", which was based on figurative thinking. The "Maxwell's Demon" in the history of physics and other examples are numerous to illustrate the importance of thinking strategy (mainly refers to the thinking method of the main thinking skills).

5. The way of thinking

That is, the specific thinking process, the object and the subject of the interaction of the pathway. This way is the subject objectification, object subjectification procedures, steps and general schematic overview. The main solution to the subject manipulation of a certain method of thinking, how to methodically and logically recognize the object, that is, to solve the starting point of the process of thinking, experience, the end of the procedures and routes of the operation of the process. For example, in the process of scientific cognition, whether induction or deduction is used first, and how induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concreteness are constructed into a general schema throughout the process of scientific cognition, and how the subject can manipulate his or her thinking to operate along this schema, and so on. These are all issues that should be addressed in the way of transportation of thought.

3. Characteristics of the modern way of thinking

The way of thinking of human beings is constantly developing, and the modern way of thinking is a part of the culture of the times, which is rooted in the basis of practice, and is the inheritance and extension of the traditional way of thinking. On the whole, the ancient way of thinking is characterized by intuitive speculation, simplicity, wholeness and fuzzy comprehensiveness; the modern way of thinking is analytical, static and mechanical; and the basic features of the modern way of thinking are systematic comprehensiveness, dynamic openness and conscious innovation.

(1) systematic synthesis

In ancient times, people's grasp of the object of knowledge is mainly taken in a comprehensive way, but then it is based on intuitive speculation based on the fuzzy synthesis. In modern times, the various sciences, all fields are in the stage of collecting materials, people are divided into categories to study all aspects of the world, the thinking process is no longer dominated by synthesis but analysis. In modern times, synthesis has again become the dominant way of thinking. Modern comprehensive thinking is no longer limited to the scope of the "entity an attribute", but focuses on the connection between things, the internal parts of things and the link between the elements to grasp things, so that people from the holistic, relevance, structure a functional consistency, hierarchy, order and so on, a profound understanding of the complexity of things.

(2) dynamic openness

Dynamic thinking sees all things as in constant motion, change and development, so it is important to look at things from the perspective of change and development, with a historical and dynamic perspective. And to grasp the dynamic object, it requires our thinking must be implemented dynamic regulation. The so-called dynamic regulation, one is to pay attention to grasp the possibility of the development of things, opportunities and chances, in a variety of possibilities to choose a more favorable possibility, in the unity of change and unchanged in the grasp of the thinking of the goal and direction; Second, the thinking process is constantly thinking about the results of the comparison with the goal, the implementation of feedback regulation. That is, while the information processing of thinking, while the thinking program and method of reflection and adjustment, in order to achieve the desired results of thinking. The openness of thinking is a prerequisite for the dynamic regulation of thinking, so dynamic and open are linked together.

(3) consciously innovative

Modern society is a society of constant innovation. Innovative thinking is to create unprecedented new theories, new principles, new ideas, new methods, new designs, etc., so the conscious skepticism, critical spirit constitutes the basis of modern thinking innovation. However, innovation is also innovation guided by scientific principles. Various disciplines and fields of modern science have formed the scientific theory system of their own disciplines and fields to different degrees, which makes scientific thinking replace empirical thinking and occupy a dominant position in modern thinking. Therefore, in modern thinking, people always consciously take some kind of theory, point of view, method as a guide to standardize their own thinking process and orientation, in order to guide their exploration of new fields and new problems. At the same time, modern creative thinking also focuses on the conscious use of various creative principles and methods. since the 20th century, the study of creation and creative thinking has been increasingly emphasized, and has now initially formed such disciplines as creation science and creativity development. Among them, the principles and methods of creativity play an important role in overcoming obstacles to thinking and effectively developing human creativity, such as the methods of divergent thinking and centralized thinking, the method of reverse thinking, the method of variation and mutation, and the method of transplantation of analogies.

4. Classification of thinking styles

The classification of thinking styles can be different from different perspectives.

According to the attributes of thinking, it can be divided into abstract thinking, image thinking, intuitive thinking and so on.

According to the form of thinking, it can be divided into linguistic thinking, logical and mathematical thinking, spatial thinking, musical thinking and so on. American developmental psychologist H. Gardner (Howard Gardner) is from this thinking classification system, the human eight kinds of intelligence, that is, linguistic intelligence, mathematical and logical intelligence, spatial intelligence, musical intelligence, physical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, self-awareness of intelligence and natural awareness of intelligence for the definition of (in 1999, the new addition of the existence of intelligence is still in the argument).

According to the level of thinking, it can be roughly divided into two categories: everyday thinking and normative thinking. Everyday way of thinking is more random components, such as empirical way of thinking, intuitive way of thinking, transactional way of thinking, affordable way of thinking, frivolous way of thinking, etc.; normative way of thinking can be divided into philosophical way of thinking, scientific way of thinking and artistic way of thinking 3 kinds.

5. Ways of thinking and ways of practicing[3]

The way of thinking is directly linked to the way of practicing. The scale and level of social practice and the development of practice methods determine the level of people's thinking ability and the degree of scientization of their thinking methods.

The emergence, development and evolution of ways of thinking are the result of the combined effect of many factors in practice. The social practice and practice mode of each historical era stipulates the ****ness of people's way of thinking in that era from the perspective of macroscopicity and wholeness; for different practice subjects, because of the specific practical activities they engage in and the specific practice mode are different, so they also show specific individual differences in their way of thinking.

6. Way of thinking and personality

According to psychologists, the way of thinking can be divided into five types, namely, comprehensive, ideal, practical, analytical and realistic. Here are their correspondences and characteristics:

1. Integrative type

If your way of thinking belongs to the integrative type, you are ? A creative, stimulating person who sees everything from different angles, making you a passionate debater. Many people think in straight lines, i.e. in a logical order, but you are able to think in leaps and bounds, putting you far ahead of others. If you have a spouse or friend who is a generalist, remember that this person sees debate as fun and enjoyment, and don't be overly critical of him.

2. Ideal

If your mindset is ideal, you are good at finding arguments from analogies, listening to others, and committing to goals, values, and dedication to others. You respect morality and your own perfection, often blame yourself for failing to achieve your goals, and can be frustrated by the selfish behavior of others.

3. Pragmatic

If your way of thinking is pragmatic, your attitude towards life will be positive and active. You won't be intimidated by difficulties because you understand that opportunities are ever-present.

However, although you have a grasp of reality, you are not good at thorough planning; you will focus your energy on taking any possible way to any possible cause; you are creative, resourceful, and adaptable; you are a compromiser, but sometimes your insights often miraculously gain acceptance; you tend to do well what others think is impossible; you more than anyone else have tactical You are a master at the negotiating table.

Don't expect pragmatic people to plan for the future, because they are often too busy to do anything else.

4. Analytical

If you're an analytical thinker, you think there's a best way to do everything. For this reason, you will be moderate to identify the essence of the problem, and work hard to collect relevant information, based on which the best solution to the problem is carefully formulated. However, once you've come up with a "masterstroke," there's no way you can change it unless you recognize that there's another way to do it.

You are a practical person who is not moved by flattery and praise, but your style of getting to the bottom of things and trying to be precise will inevitably lead to criticism.

5. Realistic

If your way of thinking is realistic, then everything you feel or experience is only a living reality, other than that, it is fantasy, pure ideal and useless. You pay attention to reality, especially the facts you face; you don't believe in compromise, and are skeptical of synthesis and idealism; you're perceptive of objectivity and y uncomfortable with the inability of others to do so, and therefore are quick to abandon pragmatic people because of their ability to compromise when it comes to ****ing around.

When dealing with practical people, it is important to be concise and assertive, because practical people look down on people who nod their heads and say "yes" to everything.

7. Case Study of Thinking

Case 1: Analysis of Thinking of Enterprises in Developing Markets

I. Innovative Thinking

Innovative thinking refers to the fact that enterprises, as a market subject, have broken the traditional self-development in the high-tech revolution. High-tech revolution, break the traditional self-sufficient closed consciousness, update the concept of their own production and business activities are new and different, unique, so as to be invincible in the fierce competition in the market. Innovative thinking to develop the market, can be used in advertising and publicity, but also in product innovation and management. For example, Toyota and Mitsubishi in Japan have used innovative thinking in automobile advertising. The two companies in the advertising and publicity is characterized by the abandonment of the past "quality first, reputation first", "on behalf of the consignment, the implementation of the three packages" of the old way of thinking, and replaced by "the car to the mountain, there is a road there is a Toyota car!

Enterprise product innovation effect, only through the market to test. At the same time, to recognize and make use of the complexity of the market environment, pay attention to adjust the product structure, determine the direction of product innovation, tap the market potential, start the potential market. Enterprises only in the focus on the development of new products, renewal and absorption of new technologies under the conditions, in order to make the enterprise vibrant.

Second, variability thinking

Variability thinking refers to the use of people's intuitive sense of objective things caused by a psychological illusion, to carry out business innovation, unexpectedly create a strong sense of beauty, so as to get the intention of the effect of the marvelous.

Many domestic and foreign enterprises are through the use of this thinking to carry out technological innovation, new product development and market development. Such as clothing companies through the clever use of horizontal line width, vertical line lengthening of this psychological illusion can adjust and improve the illusion of form, thus giving people a magical show of the variability of the feeling of beauty, and become an important means of market competition. Of course, in new product development, how to combine product development and market development organically, the use of variability thinking to produce a lot of products. Such as product height and length, size specifications of the visual form of the use of color contrast variability of the use and so on.

Three, multifaceted thinking

Multifaceted thinking refers to a certain time and space, from different perspectives, all-round observation of things. Since the reform and opening up, the pattern of China's economic system presents a public, private, individual, Chinese and foreign joint venture and other diversified economic components coexist in the situation; in the distribution of social distribution, the distribution of the form of coexistence of the situation; in the way of communication, due to the rise of the Internet in the world, and increasingly penetrate into people's lives, networked interaction will be placed in the world of individual pluralistic changes and multi-level interaction. In the face of this reality, enterprises can not turn a blind eye, but from different perspectives, different levels of departure, to analyze and understand today's conditions of people's consumer psychology; from different levels of need to produce different types of products to meet the needs of consumers.

Four, predictive thinking

Predictive thinking refers to the people of today's era thinking about the future, thinking about the present, through the future forecasting planning, guiding the current activities. Predictive thinking is the need for high-tech development, but also an important way of thinking for enterprises in the market competition. In the market economy, the rapid development of productivity and science and technology, so that the face of modern society to speed up the change, the market situation is changing rapidly. With the shortening of science and technology to productivity transformation cycle, resulting in faster product updates, so that the competition between enterprises has never been more intense. Enterprises to be invincible in the competition, must not be satisfied with the production of today's available products, but should focus on the development of tomorrow's available products. Only in this way, in order to be a step ahead in the renewal of products. To do this, we must scientifically predict the future development trend of the market, digging people's future needs.

Fifth, reverse thinking

The so-called reverse thinking refers to different from the conventional smooth thinking of the back of the reverse thinking. In the case of increasing competition in the enterprise, the use of this way of thinking, often can receive unexpected results. Many enterprises are in varying degrees of use of this way of thinking, especially in the words and deeds of the publicity competition is more prominent. Such as "good advertising, not as good as the Xinfei refrigerator" TV ads, giving people a refreshing feeling, thus giving rise to a different promotional effect from. This advertising technique is to take advantage of people's awareness of some kind of false advertising, the use of reverse thinking in the production method. There are also some companies that specialize in their own product advertisements to illustrate certain shortcomings, in order to attract the attention of users, but instead play a promotional effect.

Sixth, the difference in thinking

Difference in thinking, that is, with the same way of thinking, the same market business objectives for the difference in planning, respectively, the implementation of different ways of doing business, to market development. In fact, in the operation of any enterprise, there are many aspects of the operation of the link with the relevant factors and other differences. Such as the difference in production volume, sales time, marketing geographic, consumer and user differences to adapt to people's choice of psychology; or the implementation of the differences in the loaded sulfur to adapt to different geographic regions, climatic conditions and the needs of different consumer levels.

In the increasingly competitive market conditions, enterprises how to develop the market, the way of thinking is quite important. Enterprises can only choose the appropriate way of thinking, develop products suitable for the needs of consumers, in order to stand firm in the market competition and create brilliant performance.

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