Wood carving knowledge

I. The technical requirements and basic principles of wood carving craft

Cutting rough: rough is the foundation of the whole work, it is a concise geometric form to summarize all the details of the idea of modeling, the requirements to achieve a hierarchy, momentum, proportionality and coordination, stability of the center of gravity, a strong sense of wholeness, and initially the formation of the work of the outer contours of the inner contours.

The basic principle of chiseling rough is from top to bottom, from front to back, from surface to inside, from shallow to deep. From top to bottom, from the head to the heel; from front to back, is the first chisel front, and then chisel back; from the surface and inside, from the surface of the wood, layer by layer to the inner peeling in; from shallow to deep, is the first chisel a good shallow place, and then chisel the deep place. Chiseling rough also need to pay attention to leave room for maneuver, as cutting clothes, to appropriate relaxation. Folk saying: stay fat can change small, only worry about the ridge is thin and difficult to re-fat", "the distance should be small not big, remember to carve is subtracted".

Digging fine blanks: first from the overall focus, adjust the proportion and various layouts, and then the characters and other specific forms and features, limbs, clothing, props, etc., gradually implemented and formed, to repair the light to leave room. At this stage, the volume and lines of the work tend to be clear, so the knife is required to be rounded and smooth, with full expressive power. The technique of hollowing in the excavation of fine blanks requires a combination of longitudinal fibers to hollow out and remove the excess. To use the method of banding, that is, in the work of the Prime hollow easy to break the part of a small piece of material left to make it and the adjacent parts of the attachment, to be completed after the work and then use a thin knife dense piece of the method to remove the banding of the attachment.

Glossing: The purpose of glossing is to remove the chisel marks in the fine blanks by using fine carving and thin knives to make the surface of the work detailed and perfect. Requirements for clear and fine knife traces, either rounded, or board straight, and strive to express the nuances of each part and its texture.

Sanding: according to the needs of some works, the blank wood carving with different thicknesses of woodworking sandpaper rubbed into fine smooth. Requirements for the first coarse sandpaper, followed by fine sandpaper. To follow the direction of the wood fibers repeatedly sanding, until the knife marks sand road disappears, showing beautiful wood grain, pay attention to keep the work outline clear, smooth lines.

Carving hair, decorative patterns: using a triangular knife to carve hair, decorative patterns, the requirements of the knife fast, sure, even thickness, meticulous.

Coloring: coloring is not only to make up for certain material deficiencies or defects, but also play a role in strengthening and enriching the beauty of the material texture and form of the work. Therefore, the coloring of the work should be discretionary, the requirements as much as possible to reflect the beauty of the wood grain. The color should be deep and bright, in line with the natural wood of all kinds of beauty.

The purpose of varnish is to moisturize the wood, so that the works of art, but also to play a role in stain prevention in order to long-term preservation, so the requirements of uniform penetration, bright and not vulgar.

Configuration of the base: the base is not only the main body of the support, but also an integral part of the carving modeling. Therefore, the shape and scale of the base should be complementary to the form of the content of the work. Full of curves and lively works, can borrow simple and simple base set off, and simple or solemn works can be carved on the base a little bit of decoration. In short, we must pay attention to the proportion between each other, pay attention to the tone of each other, do not overpower the main, the cart before the horse.

First, the bottom of the wood is leveled, pay attention to the center of gravity. Then use the ink line in accordance with the small clay draft scaled up to draw on the wood.

Second, round carving method

Round carving method of composition basically depends on the natural shape of the wood, that is, cylindrical or square column. This shape requires us to follow the direction of growth of the wood in the design, if the composition is vertical, then the material should be used vertically, and vice versa is used horizontally. This regularity will be greatly reflected in the practice of making. It is important to remember that no matter what kind of wood is used, this law should be followed. Because the wood fiber has a longitudinal and transverse points, longitudinal fiber use fast and not easy to break, transverse fiber use poor fastness easy to break. Some of the craft of wood carving the reason for a strong "branch sense" is due to the combination of longitudinal fibers used in a good way, so that the hollowing skills to give full play to the works of exquisite, beautiful and solid.

Production steps a: knocking rough generally molded three-dimensional clay draft as a basis, the first brush on the wood to draw a general outline, and then will be drawn outside the outline of the excess wood with the help of axes and saws removed, and then chisel rough. Specific operation, the wood on the billeting stool with a rope strangulation, can also be placed on the ground with feet clamped to the ground billeting. Billeting chisel mostly with a large wide flat chisel, large counter-angle chisel alternately. The first step is to create a large proportionality of form, using geometric cubic shapes. Emphasize the direction of the big turns and volumes. Take the figure as an example, generally the limbs other than the head volume are first chiseled out of the block, and then the head, chest and pelvis are chiseled out of the block. Then the form blocks are chiseled out, such as vertical and sloping. After the completion of the basic shape of the human body, and then in each part of the structure of the human body, proportional relationship, one by one chiseling each part of the concave and convex shape, such as between the cheeks and the five senses, between the chest and the neck, between the breast and the chest of the formation of high and low undulation concave and convex, in the division of concave and convex when the time to make room for the latter two processes.

Step 2: Carve the blanks, which corrects the deficiencies of the previous process and enhances the details. Can use a smaller chisel and chisel, one is to use the top of the shoulder, the second is to push the hand (i.e., knife poke blanks), in order to carve out the physical structure of the figure, the facial features of the expression and the relationship between reality and reality of the pattern of clothing, especially in the treatment of the figure's clothing, pay attention to the reality, static and dynamic, wet and dry, curved and straight, gathering and dispersing, hanging and hanging and other methods of expression.

Production step three: repair light. This is a delicate process, is based on the fine blank further processing, but is not a simple repetition. The task of repairing the light is to repair the unwanted knife marks chisel marks, at the same time, the various parts of the subtle shape of the carving clear, and strive to achieve a smooth, smooth, texture clear artistic effect. Repair the light of the tools used small flat knife, small round knife, triangular knife, etc..

With the ink line will be drawn on the board (below). Chisel each of the contour lines as well as the shape of the leaves with the round and triangular knives. Note the knife arrangement of the leaves.

Chisel the layers of the bird's feathers with the shaped round cutter.

Clean up the edge of the outline between the leaves with the corners of the flat knife, paying attention to the intersection of the two knives in order to remove the foot of the knife.

Use the flat knife and the Yuwan knife to polish the figure's face and hands.

Carve out the eyes with a suitable round knife, taking care to keep the knife sharp.

After cutting off the wood fibers with a saw at each turn of the outline, use a large flat knife and a round knife to vertically chip away the excess wood along the ink line.

After carving out the undulation and dynamic direction of the form on the front and back sides with a large counter-round knife, then use a small counter-round knife to carve out the concavity and convexity of each part, in order to initially determine the structure, proportion, and dynamics of the figure.

Using small and medium-sized positive and negative circular knives, we carve out the braid of hair on the head of the character, the five senses on the face, and further adjust the structural relationship between the various parts of the human body, and carve out the expression, dynamics, and direction of the clothing pattern of the face, neck, hands, and waist.

First, use a small round knife to organize the hair plait and dress from top to bottom, paying attention to the natural, sharp knife marks. Then use the medium and small flat knives to polish and buff the girl's face and arms, creating a different textural contrast to the hair and clothing. Take care to sharpen any burrs on the knife marks.

I hope the above can help the owner