What are the tools for drawing?

The main tools of Chinese painting are brush, ink, rice paper and inkstone.

1. Brush can be divided into long front, center and short front according to the stroke length, and their performances are different. It is easy to draw beautiful lines before long, dignified and heavy before short, and both before medium and short. Painting landscapes should be centered. According to the size of the nib, brushes are divided into three types: small, medium and large. Various models should be prepared for painting landscapes. Generally, a little wolf hair should be prepared for small scenery, a big wolf hair for big scenery, a sheep brush for small white clouds and big white clouds, and a bigger sheep brush for bucket pens is enough. How sharp the new pen is, it is only suitable for drawing thin lines, and the effect of rubbing, wiping and knocking the old pen is better.

2. The ink used for painting should be freshly ground. The ink that has been stored for a long time is called Su Mo, and there are concentrated dregs in Su Mo. It will get dirty if it is not used well.

. At present, the calligraphy and painting ink produced in Beijing, Tianjin and other places (such as Yidege) is convenient to use, but the glue in the ink is heavy, so it is better to add a little water.

3. The paper used in Chinese painting is Xuan paper. Xuan paper is divided into raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and semi-cooked Xuan. Cooked rice paper is processed with alum water, and the ink is not easy to penetrate and will not melt when it meets water, but the effect is different from other papers. It can be used for detail description, repeated rendering and coloring, and is suitable for painting green and colorful meticulous landscapes. Raw rice paper is not treated with alum, which is characterized by strong water absorption and water permeability. It melts when it meets water, and it is easy to produce rich Mo Yun changes. It can receive the artistic effect of water-light ink printing, vigorous and beautiful, and is mostly used for freehand brushwork landscape painting. Familiar posters are easy to master, but they are also prone to problems of fluency and stagnation; Sheng Xuan's paintings are interesting, but they penetrate quickly and are difficult to master. Therefore, painting landscapes generally likes to use semi-cooked rice paper. Semi-cooked rice paper melts slowly in water, which not only changes Mo Yun, but also does not penetrate too much. Easy to master rubbing, rubbing, tracing and dyeing, and can show rich brushwork and ink interest.

4. Choose an inkstone. The stone is delicate and moist, easy to ink and does not absorb water. Wash the inkstone in time after use, keep it clean, and avoid sun exposure and fire roasting.

5. pigments. There are two kinds of traditional pigments: plant pigments and mineral pigments.

Mineral pigments are blended from ores, which are thick in color and strong in coverage. Commonly used are

Stone green: usually in powder form, it must be mixed with glue when used. Azurite can be divided into Touqing, Erqing, Sanqing and Siqing according to its color. Touqing is the thickest and greenest, and gradually becomes thinner and lighter.

Azurite: Its properties and uses are roughly the same as those of azurite. Azurite is divided into cyan, cyan, cyan, cyan and so on. Its particles are coarse and it is difficult to dye evenly, so it is better to dye more times.

Cinnabar: It's best to turn it into cinnabar, which is bright in color and also made into ink. Cinnabar should not be used with azurite and turquoise.

Zhu Zhi: (Zhu Biao) Cinnabar was finely ground, mixed with gelatin and floated in the orange.

Ochre: It comes from hematite and is light brown. At present, most of ochre is refined into water-soluble colloidal blocks, which are not covered.

White powder: can be divided into lead powder, clam powder, chalk, etc. Clam powder is made by processing and grinding mussel shells in the sea. After a long time, it is easy to "lead back" and turn black, and it can turn white after being gently washed with hydrogen peroxide. As for chalk,

(

White soil powder

)

Commonly used in ancient murals, it does not change color for a long time.

Plant pigment is transparent and thin, and its hiding power is poor. Commonly used plant pigments are:

Huaqing: It has a wide range of uses, and can turn Garcinia into grass green or tender green.

Garcinia: Garcinia is poisonous and cannot be imported.

Rouge: Painting with rouge will fade with age.

At present, it is mostly replaced by magenta.

At present, China pigments are mostly polished or treated before sale, which can be roughly divided into two forms: gluing and degumming;

paste

(

Such as flower green and ochre.

Zhu Ji, etc.

)

Made into blocks and stored in small cups or made into small sheets,

Put it in a small bag.

This pigment is more convenient to use at any time after being dipped in water, but it is best to use "light glue" and non-glue.

(

Such as stone green, azurite, white powder, cinnabar and so on.

)

Most of them are powder, which needs to be mixed with glue, which is more troublesome. In recent years, there are more and more substitute pigments. All painting and calligraphy workshops or large supermarkets have complete sets of Chinese painting pigments for sale, or use high-quality poster colors and watercolor pigments.

6. In addition to the above pens, inks, inkstones, paper, silks and pigments, related appliances should also be prepared:

Color matching (color storage) tool: white porcelain products are better, so several small plates should be prepared for color matching or ink mixing. Plum blossom plate and layered plate are ideal for color removal, and different pigments should be stored separately.

Water storage tank: water is used to wash pens or supply clean water, and white porcelain is also preferred.

Thin blanket: lining the drawing table can prevent ink from penetrating and polluting the picture, and the picture is not easy to be damaged by the pen after the paper is laid.

Glue alum: In order to prevent the color of azurite, azurite, cinnabar and other heavy colors from falling off, it can be covered with glue alum water. Alum is powdered and lumpy, while glue is bottled.

Liquid deer glue, strip or block cow glue, fish glue, deer glue, etc. Is the best preparation.

Set up a set of cups and alcohol lamps to melt the glue and mixed water.

Mortar: When the powder pigment particles are too coarse, it needs to be ground with a mortar and then floated in a beaker. Penholder with external pen, paperweight for pressing paper, cutter for cutting paper,

Carbon ribbon for drawing, absorbent cotton waste cloth (or waste paper), inkpad and seal for stamping can be prepared as appropriate.

Sketching tools are relatively simple, mainly including: pencil, eraser, sketch paper, charcoal and so on.

1. Pencils are hard and soft, deep and shallow, which are effective for basic training operations such as plaster and are easier for beginners to master. So it is more suitable for the initial application of basic training. The existing domestic pencils are divided into two types, with HB as the center line and B to 6B from soft to dark. In order to better meet the needs of painting, we added 7B-8B, which we call drawing pencils. HB has developed from h to 6H, which is mostly used in precision design and other majors.

I suggest that pencils 2B-5B are the best choice, with moderate hardness, which will not cause damage to drawing paper and can express the texture well. If it is a large painting or the author has a certain sketching foundation, charcoal pen can be used. Others use pens when drawing small works, usually drawing illustrations.

2. Use soft rubber. I usually use 2B and 4B rubber. 2B Rubber is relatively hard and clean, but it cannot be reused in the same place. 4B rubber is soft and won't wear paper, but it is easy to rub especially heavy places. Some people are used to preparing a plastic when sketching, which can be kneaded at will like dough to facilitate the decoration of small parts.

3. Sketch paper: If you are a beginner sketching or practicing at ordinary times, you can choose paper with a general thickness (120g or 150g), which is not too good. 200 grams of paper is too thick, sometimes it is easy to leave creases and it is difficult to recover. Moreover, many stores in the market claim that it is 200 grams of paper, but it is actually a better quality paper pretending to be 150 grams.

Other tools include sketchpad, easel, sketchpad clip, fixative, etc.