What is the four donkey kong, an ancient educational toy in China?

Tangram, Jiuhuanhuan, Huarong Road and Lubansuo are even called "four donkey kong" in intellectual toys. These toys, which embody China's ancient culture and wisdom, have become the "darlings" in the world of intellectual games and have a lofty position in the world of intellectual toys. The reason lies not only in their long history, but also in their rich intellectual connotation, and most of them have been spread abroad for a long time, becoming playthings that westerners talk about and never forget, and some even lead to the derivation and invention of many new intellectual toys in the west.

Tangram can be said to be the originator of China educational toys. This is a jigsaw puzzle. Its invention can be traced back to the "rules" and "moments" more than 4000 years ago. Tangram was written in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty (18 13), which is the earliest tangram work discovered so far. After another simpler puzzle of China's ancient four clever puzzles was introduced to Japan, it was renamed as "Doctor's Board", claiming that it could spell out the most complicated graphics and its IQ could reach the doctor's level, so this toy became a necessary teaching aid for testing students' IQ in Japanese schools. Tong Yegeng, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, expanded the jigsaw puzzle into fifteen pieces and simply named it "jigsaw puzzle", which means that this kind of picture is conducive to improving intelligence. Nine-ring is a toy that can unlock the ring. This kind of toy has a history of at least 2000 years in China. As early as the Warring States period, it was recorded in the Warring States Policy. In this book, which focuses on the lobbyist strategy at that time, it is said that Qin Shihuang once sent an envoy to Qi State, and the envoy brought a jade chain (that is, a toy to untie the ring). He pointed it at the king and said, "Qi knows more, but does he understand this ring?" This shows that Qi people know a lot, can they solve the ring? It seems that this toy was used as a tool to measure knowledge and wisdom at that time. In China, broken-ring toys are called "clever rings", and the number of rings varies from one to dozens, which is becoming more and more complicated, among which the nine-ring chain is the most famous. This is because in ancient China, nine was regarded as the pole of yang number, so "nine" was generally used. Now that nine has reached the extreme, it is very difficult. Therefore, it is difficult to solve the ring with a nine-ring chain. Huarong Road is a moving picture toy. Generally speaking, since this toy is named after the story in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it must have been invented during the Three Kingdoms period. In fact, the invention of this toy dates back to the Three Kingdoms period. Its invention dates back to the ancient Luo Shu (Rubik's Cube), and later it was introduced into the palace and evolved into a game of "rearranging the nine palaces". This is the prototype of Huarong Road. This kind of game spread to the west in the Yuan Dynasty, and westerners reformed it on this basis, turning it into a sensational intellectual toy "Mobile Phone 15" in the West. At the same time, it was transformed in China and became a more interesting "moving ten-piece set" toy. Because the process of playing with this toy coincides with "Cao Cao defeated Huarong Road" in the story of the Three Kingdoms, this very appropriate name "Huarong Road" came into being. Because of its various layouts and twists and turns, Huarong Road toys are praised as "one of the three most incredible puzzles in the world of intellectual games" by Japanese magazine Mathematical Science (the other two are "Independent Diamond Chess" invented by French and "Rubik's Cube" invented by Hungarians respectively). Its play involves many disciplines such as graph theory and operational research in mathematics. Now it is linked with the computer and becomes the research object of the computer, in which the 8 1 step optimal solution of the "cross-knife immediately" layout is verified by the computer.

"Luban Lock" is a three-dimensional plug-in toy transformed from the tenon-mortise structure of ancient houses in China. Because Luban was the ancestor of carpentry in China, it was named "Luban Lock". Because it takes a clever mind to open this plug lock, some people call it "Kongming Lock" and associate it with the ancient resourceful strategist Kongming. This kind of toy was first seen in the magic book "Goose Fantasy Collection" in the Qing Dynasty, and was then called "The Lotus Boat". China's "Six Sons Lian Fang" was introduced into the magician's handbook published by the United States 1857. It can be seen that this kind of toy has been circulating abroad for at least 150 years. Luban Lock is actually a toy involving solid geometry knowledge. Through geometric segmentation, a variety of locking methods can be formed. Recently, mathematicians in the United States, Britain and other countries discovered by computer that there are as many as 1 19963 patterns composed of six pieces of wood. It can be seen that its mystery is infinite. The above only analyzes several China classical educational toys from the perspective of intellectual development and knowledge dissemination. In fact, there are many classic educational toys in China, such as Sixiwa, Maze, Rubik's Cube, Fair mug, reflux tank, fish washing basin, drinking duck and so on. They involve not only mathematics, but also physics and chemistry. They not only contributed to the enrichment of China culture, but also served as a bridge for world cultural exchanges.

I hope it helps you.