Paper currency calendar RMB

Rmb was issued when 1948 65438+2 1 China people's bank was established. The first set of RMB was issued from May 1955 to the end of circulation.

The first set of RMB was issued on the basis of unifying the currencies of various revolutionary base areas. Issuing a unified currency has gone through a tortuous process. The currency of revolutionary base areas was produced when the revolutionary base areas were divided and blocked by the enemy during the war. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the People's Government of the Liberated Area began to unify the currency. For example, the Central China Liberated Area issued a unified Central China currency, and a variety of local currencies with different names and different market values were unified in various anti-Japanese base areas opened by the New Fourth Army. Other liberated areas have taken similar measures to unify the currency. However, before the monetary unification in the Liberated Areas was completed, the Kuomintang reactionaries launched a full-scale civil war, and many places in the Liberated Areas were occupied by Kuomintang troops, so the monetary unification in the Liberated Areas had to be temporarily stopped. 1in the summer of 947, the war in the liberated areas entered the stage of the victorious counterattack of our people's liberation army. With the cooperation of the people in the liberated areas, the liberated areas have been further consolidated and developed, and the liberated areas in North China, Northwest China and East China have been gradually connected, and the trade links and material exchanges between the liberated areas have been developing day by day. However, the disunity of local currencies and the unfixed price comparison between commodities and the market have become a major obstacle to economic development and trade, which has brought great difficulties to the mobile operations of field troops. Therefore, it is urgent to change the situation that there are many versions, complex types, different price comparisons and inconvenient mutual conversion of currencies in the liberated areas and unify the currencies in the liberated areas. 1October 24th 1947, 10 set up the Central North China Finance and Economics Office, unified leadership of North China's financial work, and started the unified currency work. Soon, the bank currency in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border region stopped issuing, and the bank currency in southern Hebei became the unified currency in the liberated areas of North China. 1948 65438+ 10, the northwest liberated area stopped issuing the bank currency of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, and the northwest peasant bank currency became the unified currency of the northwest liberated area. On June+10, 5438, the currency of Beihai Bank in Shandong Liberated Area and the currency in North China Liberated Area circulated with each other. 1 1 June, North China Liberated Area unified the currency circulation of Beihai Bank. Since then, the currency of Beihai Bank has become the unified currency of Shandong and Central China Liberated Areas. By the end of 1948, the monetary unification of the three liberated areas in North China, Northwest China and East China was basically completed except the Central Plains and Northeast China.

In order to meet the needs of the development of the situation and further unify the currency in the Liberated Areas, the People's Government of North China, the People's Government of Shandong, the People's Government of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia and the People's Government of Suiyuan, Shanxi decided to merge the North China Bank in the Liberated Areas of North China, the Beihai Bank in the Liberated Areas of Shandong and the Northwest Farmers Bank in the Liberated Areas of Northwest China. On June 1948+, the People's Bank of China was established as the first general manager and Guan as the deputy manager. At the same time, it began to issue a unified RMB, which is the first set of RMB issued after the establishment of the People's Bank of China. The words "People's Bank of China" on the first set of RMB were inscribed by Comrade Dong, then Chairman of the People's Government of North China. The first wholesale bank has RMB 10, 20 yuan and 50 yuan, which were first used in three liberated areas in North China, Shandong and Northwest China. Subsequently, 1 yuan, 5 yuan and 100 yuan were issued. Since then, various types and layouts of RMB have been gradually extended to various liberated areas throughout the country.

After the first set of RMB was issued, the local currency originally circulating in the liberated areas stopped issuing one after another and was recovered at the prescribed price. It will circulate as usual at a certain price before it is completely recycled. The exchange rate is:1:100 for RMB against Jinan bank currency, Beihai bank currency, Huazhong bank currency and Zhongzhou farmer bank currency; The exchange rate of RMB against the bank currencies of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, Northeast Bank, Jehol Province and Great Wall Bank is1:1000; The exchange rate of RMB against the currency of Northwest Farmers' Bank and commercial negotiable instruments in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region is 1: 2000.

1949 1, Beiping Liberated Area, the head office of China People's Bank moved to Beijing. After the national liberation, the People's Bank of China was established in all regions and provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. 195 1 At the end of the year, except for Xizang Autonomous Region and Taiwan Province Province, the national currency has been unified, and RMB has become the only legal tender in China. By 1953, 65438+February, RMB issuance bonds were 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10, 20 yuan, 50 yuan, 100, 200 yuan, 500 yuan and 1000. 62nd edition * * *. Among them, there are 2 kinds of 1 yuan coupons, 4 kinds of 5 yuan coupons, 4 kinds of 10 yuan coupons, 7 kinds of 20 yuan coupons, 7 kinds of 50 yuan coupons, 5 kinds of 100 yuan coupons, 6 kinds of 200 yuan coupons, 6 kinds of 500 yuan coupons, 6 kinds of 1000 yuan coupons and 5 kinds of 5,000 yuan coupons.

Due to the limitation of the environment of the liberated areas at that time and the initial conditions of the liberated areas in China, the design idea of the first set of RMB was not unified enough. These patterns not only reflect the labor scene of industrial and agricultural production, but also reflect the traffic scene and some places of interest in Beijing and other places ... the content is complicated, the theme is not prominent and unclear. There are many kinds of paper money, and the denominations vary greatly. 1 948 65438+February to1953 65438+February, * * printed and distributed 12 with a denomination of 62 RMB, with a minimum denomination of1yuan and a maximum denomination of 50,000 yuan. By the end of the first set of RMB issuance, 1 yuan bonds almost withdrew from circulation. The printing process is diverse and the product quality is uneven. In order to print and issue paper money as quickly as possible to meet the needs of the war in the liberated areas, emergency measures were taken at that time. The old factory and the new factory are put together, and the old and new equipment are used together. Seven technologies are used in the production process, such as lithography, gravure printing, offset printing, convex-concave printing, convex-concave adhesive printing and plastic gravure overprinting. Major raw materials such as paper and ink are also purchased locally. So the quality of paper money varies greatly and is uneven.

The unified issuance of RMB wiped out all kinds of currencies issued by the Kuomintang government, put an end to decades of inflation under the Kuomintang rule and the history of China's circulation and trading of foreign currencies, gold and silver in the market for nearly a hundred years, promoted the all-round victory of the people's liberation war and played an important role in the economic recovery period in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. The second set of RMB was issued on 1 March, 9551day on the basis of the first set of RMB unified national currency. At that time, the influence of the war on the national economy had been eliminated, industrial and agricultural production was rapidly restored and developed, commodity economy was increasingly active, and market prices were stable. On the basis of balance of payments, the national finance has been unable to make ends meet for several consecutive years, the national commodity inventory and gold reserve have also increased year by year, and the monetary system has been consolidated and improved accordingly. An independent and unified monetary system has been established. However, due to the legacy of inflation for many years before liberation, the first set of RMB has a large denomination (up to 50,000 yuan) and a low unit value. When calculating the circulation link, it is not conducive to commodity circulation and economic development, and it brings great inconvenience to people's lives. In addition, due to the limitations of material and technical conditions at that time, the first set of RMB was poor in paper quality, with a variety of coupons (62 kinds), a single text description and serious face damage. In order to improve the printing quality of the first set of RMB and further improve China's monetary system, the State Council issued an order on February 2 1958+0 on issuing the second set of RMB and withdrawing the first set of RMB. The order pointed out: In order to meet the needs of the national planned economic construction and the wishes of the broad masses of people, on the basis of fiscal balance and financial price stability, to further improve and consolidate China's monetary system and facilitate transactions and bookkeeping, it was decided that the People's Bank of China would issue new coins (the second set of RMB), recover the old coins (the first set of RMB) and publish the second set from 1 March, 955.

The conversion ratio of the second set of RMB to the first set of RMB is: the second set of RMB 1 yuan equals the first set of RMB 10000 yuan. After the issuance of the second set of RMB, all monetary receipts and payments, transaction pricing, contracts, contracts, documents, vouchers, account books and international settlement will be based on the second set of RMB. All creditor's rights and debts before the issuance of the second set of RMB, including national bonds, are also converted into the second set of RMB at the legal exchange rate for settlement. The first set of RMB was fully recovered by the People's Bank of China at the legal exchange rate.

In March 1955, the second set of RMB * * *1/was put on sale. Today 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 5, 1 Yuan, 2 yuan, 3 yuan and. At the same time, in order to facilitate circulation, the State Council issued an order to issue metal coins. Starting from 1 957 65438+February1,three kinds of metal coins (coins for short) are issued, which are equivalent to paper money and mixed in circulation. Later, the designs and patterns of 1 yuan and 5 yuan coupons were adjusted and changed. On March 25th 196 1 and April 20th 1962, black 1 yuan coupons and brown 5 yuan coupons were issued respectively, and the second set of RMB version was made from 16544. 1964 On April 4th, the People's Bank of China issued the Notice on Recovering Three Kinds of RMB Vouchers, and decided to recover the 1953 version of 3 yuan, 5 yuan and 10 yuan Vouchers printed by the Soviet Union within a time limit from April 5th, 1964.

In the process of designing, printing and issuing the second set of RMB, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yun and other central leading comrades attached great importance to it. They personally reviewed the whole design scheme. In the design process, many specific and valuable amendments put forward by Premier Zhou were adopted, which made the design theme of the second set of RMB clear, the printing technology advanced, the structure of the main and secondary coins reasonable and the design color novel. The content of the second set of RMB main landscape patterns reflects the new face of socialist construction in new China, and shows the struggle course of the Party Revolution in China and the theme of great unity of the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country. The banknote style breaks the original fixed four-border form and adopts the new specification of left-right symmetrical pattern; The scale of face value is graded and increased according to the size of face value; The whole pattern, lace and pattern are clear, precise, beautiful and lively, with national style. In the printing process of the second set of RMB, except for cents, all other coupons are overprinted by plastic gravure printing, in which the front of corner coins is printed by single-sided gravure printing; 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 3 none, double intaglio printing on the front and back of 5 yuan coupons; 10 yuan vouchers also adopted the advanced printing technology at that time. The second set of RMB gravure printing plate is made by traditional Chinese hand carving method, which has a unique national style. Its advantages are deep pattern, thick ink layer and good anti-counterfeiting and anti-counterfeiting functions. Therefore, the second set of RMB was immediately welcomed by the public, praising its beauty, easy recognition, easy calculation and easy use. Practice has proved that the second set of RMB has become the first complete and exquisite currency in China, which has played an important role in perfecting China's monetary system and promoting socialist economic construction. The third set of RMB was issued on April 20th, 1962. At that time, after three consecutive years of economic difficulties, under the guidance of the eight-character policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" formulated by the CPC Central Committee, China overcame many difficulties and vigorously developed production, so that the national economy began to recover and develop, and the national financial situation gradually improved. In order to promote industrial and agricultural production and commodity circulation and facilitate people's use, with the approval of the State Council, the People's Bank of China issued the third set of RMB, from April 20th to April 5th of1980. After the gradual adjustment of 18, * * issued/kloc-one after another. Specifically, it includes the following contents:

(1) version 1960, the front pattern is "combination of education and productive labor", and the main color is purple.

(2) 1962 version, the front pattern is "the combination of education and productive labor", and the main colors on the back of the coupon are dark brown and light green.

(3) 1962 version, the front pattern is "the combination of education and productive labor", and the main color on the back is a dime coupon of sauce purple and orange.

(4) Version 1962, with the front pattern of "Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge" and the main color of dark green corner coupons;

(5) Version 1972, with the front pattern of "Textile Factory Production Map" and the main color of violet pentagonal coupons;

(6) Version 1960, with the front pattern of "Production Map of Female Tractors" and the main color of crimson one-dollar coupons;

(7) Version 1960, with "Turner's Production Map" on the front, with dark green binary coupons as the main color;

(8) 1960 version, with "production map of steel workers" on the front, five-yuan coupons, mainly dark brown;

(9) 1965 version, with the front pattern "People's Deputies Walk Out of the Great Hall of the People", and the main color of the black ten-yuan coupon;

(10) version 1980, hard 1 angle, hard 2-angle, hard 5-angle, hard 1 dollar, with diameters of 20mm, 23mm, 26mm and 30mm respectively.

The third set of RMB has been circulating in the market for 37 years since 1962 was issued on April 20th. Due to the changes in printing technology such as design, crown number and color, some coupons began to be paid in the 1970s. This set of RMB only accounts for 1.4% of the total market circulation, and is basically only used as a collection for coin lovers. The fourth set of RMB is 1980, which was issued on April 27th, 1987.

The fourth set of RMB is issued with the development of economy, the increase of retail sales and the increase of money demand. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China's national economy has developed rapidly, the urban and rural commodity economy has become increasingly active, and the retail sales of social commodities have increased substantially. In this way, not only the total amount of money issued is required to adapt, but also the structure of securities is required to adapt. In order to meet the needs of economic development, further improve China's monetary system and facilitate circulation and transaction accounting, on April 25th, 1987, the State Council issued an order to issue the fourth set of RMB, instructing the People's Bank of China to issue the fourth set of RMB one after another from April 27th. The fourth set of RMB has six main currencies: 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan, 100 yuan, three auxiliary currencies: 1 corner, 2/corner and 5/corner, and nine main and auxiliary currencies. The fourth set of RMB is equivalent to the current RMB. After the fourth set of RMB was issued, it was mixed with the third set of RMB in the market. At present, 1, 2, and 5 minutes notes and coins continue to circulate.

The issuance of the fourth set of RMB takes the form of "one announcement and multiple issuance". On April 27th, 1987, 50 yuan coupons and 50-cent coupons will be issued first. From May 27th, 10, 100 yuan coupons, 2 yuan coupons, 1 yuan coupons and 20-cent coupons will be issued one after another, and other coupons will be announced at that time.

65438+1 June, 1992 1 day, approved by the State Council, issued nationwide 1 yuan, 50 cents and1corner RMB. Together with three kinds of aluminum coins, they constitute a relatively complete coin series in China.

The fourth set of RMB has some innovations and breakthroughs in design concept, style and printing technology. This set of RMB embodies the theme of * * *, that is, under the leadership of China's * * * Production Party, people of all ethnic groups in China are in high spirits and unite to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In order to highlight this theme, the 100 yuan coupon adopts the side relief images of the older generation revolutionaries of our party, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi and Zhu De; 50 yuan vouchers adopt the heads of workers, peasants and intellectuals; Other coupons use China 14 national head. Every portrait of a face is clear and lifelike. In terms of design style, this set of RMB has maintained and developed the traditional features of China's national arts. The back of the main currency is designed with China's scenic spots and historical sites and famous mountains and rivers as the background, namely the main peak of Jinggangshan, Hukou of the Yellow River, Mount Everest, Wuxia of the Yangtze River, "Nantianyizhu" in the South China Sea and the Great Wall. The face patterns are full of China national characteristics, such as phoenix peony, crane pine, ribbon bird bamboo, swallow peach blossom and so on. These pictures, decorative patterns are integrated with the main scenery, showing a distinctive national style. In the printing process, the main scene is all big shots, and the carving process is complicated; Banknote paper adopted a full-page ancient money watermark and a fixed header watermark respectively, which not only displayed line drawings, but also displayed light and dark levels. The technology was very high, which further improved the technical level of banknote printing and the anti-counterfeiting ability of banknotes in China. At the same time, on the basis of the second and third sets of RMB, this set of RMB has added two kinds of 50 yuan and 100 yuan, which is of great significance to meet the needs of the development of commodity economy, facilitate circulation, improve social work efficiency and give full play to the role of RMB in the national economy. 1 99965438+1 October 1, the People's Bank of China issued the fifth set of RMB, * * with1jiao, 2 jiao, 5 jiao,1yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan and 20 yuan. According to the needs of market circulation, the fifth set of RMB increased the denomination of 20 yuan and cancelled the denomination of 2 yuan, making the denomination structure more reasonable.

In order to improve the printing technology and anti-counterfeiting technology of the fifth set of RMB, the People's Bank of China issued the fifth set of RMB 65,438+000, 50 yuan, 20 yuan, 65,438+00, 5 yuan banknotes and 65,438+0 stainless steel coins on August 365,438+0, 2005 with the approval of the State Council. The fifth set of RMB 1 dime coins was changed from aluminum alloy to stainless steel, and the color was steel white. On the front are "People's Bank of China", "1 jiao" and "jiao" and year number of Chinese pinyin.

The fifth set of RMB inherits the traditional experience of printing technology in China and draws lessons from the advanced technology of foreign banknote design, which greatly improves the anti-counterfeiting performance and adapts to the modernization of currency processing. The front of each denomination adopts the head of President Mao Zedong in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the background adopts the famous flower pattern of China, and the main landscape patterns on the back are the Great Hall of the People, Potala Palace, Guilin Landscape, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Mount Tai and Hangzhou West Lake. By selecting representative patterns with national characteristics, we can fully display the long history and magnificent mountains and rivers of our great motherland and carry forward the great national culture.