History of Rehabilitation Physical Therapy

Sports medicine is a fast-growing, challenging, multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary clinical specialty with great potential for development. On the one hand, sports medicine studies the effects of sports on human health, on the other hand, it uses the methods and theories of modern medicine to study and treat the traumas and diseases caused by sports, to achieve the recovery of the maximum capacity for sports, and to safeguard the health of human beings.

The rapid development of international sports medicine has completely changed the controversy over whether "sports medicine" is necessary, and has also changed the view that sports medicine is only for young people and athletes to provide services; the development of sports medicine not only provides protection for the healthy development of sports (such as minimally invasive treatment, early rehabilitation and return to sports as soon as possible), but also provides a good opportunity for people to learn more about sports medicine and its benefits to their health. treatment, early rehabilitation and return to the sports field as soon as possible, monitoring and control of drug abuse, etc.), but also more to provide new trauma treatment methods and perspectives for the society at large, and more positive health concepts and knowledge. Consistent with the trend of modern society to focus on health, sports can promote health, prevention and treatment of disease. With the development of China's economy, the implementation of the "Olympic Games" and "national fitness program", China's sports medicine is also making great strides in the development of sports medicine in some economically developed large and medium-sized cities, coastal cities, famous universities and hospitals have been established one after another.

The development of sports medicine has attracted many excellent talents in the field of medicine, and it is rapidly expanding its disciplinary fields, learning and penetrating into orthopedics, rehabilitation medicine, cardiovascular, endocrine, neurology, pharmacy, nutrition, mechanics, physiology, psychology, genetics and other disciplines. Minimally invasive surgery has become an important tool in the treatment of sports injuries due to the special nature of sports injuries and the urgent demand of sports people for early rehabilitation and return to sports. Typically, minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques have become an important tool in the treatment of sports injuries and continue to create new, more effective surgical procedures and more active and effective rehabilitation measures. As a result, a new interdisciplinary field of orthopaedic sports medicine and sports rehabilitation has emerged.　Orthopaedic sports medicine, also known as orthopaedic sports injury or sports traumatology, is an important branch of modern orthopaedics, and is another rapidly developing specialty full of opportunities and challenges after hand surgery, joint replacement surgery, and spine surgery, with a strong emphasis on minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery, treatment of tendon and skeletal muscle injuries, and postoperative rehabilitation. Skeletal muscle injury treatment, postoperative rehabilitation, and non-surgical therapies have made a series of advances with exciting results and updated concepts.

The American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) is the world's earliest (1972) professional orthopaedic sports medicine authoritative organization, with the participation of many of the world's leading bone and joint disease experts. Marcus J. Stewart, founding president of AOSSM, stated, "We're not just physicians and surgeons, we're Fellows with all the athletes of the world. We're Fellows with all the athletes of the world. Orthopaedic sports medicine mainly treats sports-related trauma to bones and joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, synovium, etc., which are also common injuries and diseases of the general population, such as knee, shoulder, ankle, elbow, hip, wrist, and other joint sports injuries and joint instability, including meniscus injuries, cruciate ligament injuries, tendon injuries and tendonopathies, skeletal muscle injuries, side collateral ligament injuries, patellofemoral joint injuries and instability, cartilage and osteoarthritic injuries, and synovial membrane lesions. cartilage injuries, synovial lesions, rotator cuff injuries, shoulder instability, glenoid labrum injuries, acromioclavicular impingement, and recurrent ankle sprains, etc.; and according to sports, it can be divided into soccer ankle, tennis elbow, horseback riding hip, jumping knee, volleyball shoulder, fencing wrist, weightlifting elbow, and tennis leg ....... The aim of the treatment of sports trauma is to minimize trauma, achieve maximum functional recovery and return to sport as early as possible.

A qualified orthopaedic sports medicine doctor needs to have a solid clinical orthopaedic foundation, as well as sports medicine, rehabilitation medicine and biomechanics knowledge, in order to restore the injured person's athletic ability as soon as possible as the first choice, to be able to make a correct judgment on the prognosis of trauma and to make a reasonable choice between surgical and non-surgical; Qualified orthopaedic sports trauma doctor, first of all, must be an excellent arthroscopic minimally invasive Surgical specialist, but also tendinopathy and skeletal muscle injury treatment of competent, familiar with sports, understand the laws of sports medicine, skilled selection and development of sports rehabilitation procedures, good at identifying clinical problems and carry out research related to bone and joint sports injuries. In the United States and Australia, orthopaedic sports trauma physicians must have completed 5-7 years of orthopaedic surgeon training followed by 1-2 years of orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship training to qualify as orthopaedic sports medicine arthroscopists. Doctors who have only mastered arthroscopic reconstruction techniques are called "scope surgeon - endoscopic surgeon" rather than orthopedic sports medicine specialists. Physical factor rehabilitation treatment center is the first physical silver rehabilitation physiotherapy base in the Central Plains, so what is the physical factor? What and what is physical factor rehabilitation physiotherapy?

In some rehabilitation medical institutions, many staff members, although very familiar with manipulation, nerve facilitation techniques and other therapeutic means, but do not know how to use electricity, light, sound, magnetism and other physical factors in rehabilitation practice treatment (physical therapy). Just as we need to constantly increase our knowledge of new ideas and concepts in rehabilitation medicine, those who are just practicing rehabilitation medicine should also increase their knowledge of physical factor therapy such as electricity, light, sound and magnetism. Because electricity, light, sound, magnetism and other therapeutic means is not dispensable, but has the status of other means of rehabilitation treatment can not be replaced, for example, the treatment of acute inflammation of ultrashort wave has a significant therapeutic effect. In our daily rehabilitation work, we can not only encounter lung infection, urinary tract infection and other diseases, but also other soft tissue infections and other complications, the use of ultrashort wave therapy to obtain the therapeutic effect of drug therapy is incomparable; and for example, in dealing with atypical pneumonia such as infectious diseases, ultrashort wave therapy has played a significant role in the effectiveness of the treatment.

In the past, it was often thought that physical factors such as electricity, light, sound, and magnetism were of little use in the rehabilitation of paralyzed patients, but practice has confirmed the rehabilitative value of physical factors, such as electrical stimulation therapy, which can significantly improve the limb function of patients with stroke, improve their ability to take care of themselves, and reduce the rate of disability.

There are many patients in need of rehabilitation who benefit from physical factor therapy such as electricity, light, sound, and magnetism. For example, after a period of weight-bearing training for an elderly patient with hemiplegia, his degenerative arthritis of the knee joints attacked, and there was joint pain and effusion, which led to the inability of normal rehabilitation training to continue, and the patient's psychological burden at this time was also very serious. After 1 week of ultrashort wave therapy, the pain disappeared quickly, and the floating patella test became negative, and the patient was able to continue his rehabilitation training. In the rehabilitation medical practice, not only will we encounter patients with knee pain, but also patients with other degenerative diseases can be seen economically, such as cervical spondylosis, frozen shoulder, heel bone spurs and so on, which are the important reasons that directly affect the patient's rehabilitation efficacy and important reasons. If the rehabilitation medical personnel can at the same time pay attention to the important role of some conventional physical factor therapy, it will become passive to active, and further improve the rehabilitation efficacy of patients.

At the same time, patients in the rehabilitation process of certain complications are also physical factor therapy indications, such as pressure sores, although rehabilitation training can avoid the emergence of pressure sores, but we found in practice, many patients are in the emergence of pressure sores before they come to find the rehabilitation doctor to see the doctor, especially those who have severe neurological deficit, paralysis for a longer period of time patients. If we know more about physical factor therapy, we can help patients to a large extent. For example, if we use ultraviolet light to irradiate the affected area at an early stage, the pressure ulcer will be healed in a very short period of time, such as the use of infrared ray therapy before the formation of the pressure ulcer, it can also improve the blood circulation of the local tissues and nutrient metabolism, thus preventing the emergence of pressure ulcers; and then, for example, many hemiplegic patients have diabetes mellitus, which is very prone to Many hemiplegic patients have diabetes mellitus, and these patients are very susceptible to bacterial infections, especially fungal infections, and once this condition occurs, it is generally very difficult to control the progression of the disease, but if the patient is given ultraviolet super-erythema irradiation at this point in time, the patient's condition will be rapidly controlled in 2-3d, which will lead to the patient's early return to rehabilitation.

In addition to the above-mentioned therapeutic role of physical factor therapy in dysfunction and complications, its significant efficacy in the rehabilitation of trauma and orthopedic diseases is often overlooked. In the foreign literature on physical factor therapy (physiotherapy), many reports involving ultrasound treatment of soft tissue injuries were found to be similar to the domestic situation, such as Du Baoqiong et al. reported that ultrasound and intermediate-frequency electro-synchronous treatment of hematoma mechanization, soft tissue injury, synovitis, bursitis, periarthritis of the shoulder joints, arthritis, neuritis, neuralgia, and other common diseases have significant efficacy, and its total effective rate in the case of combined treatment was 98.8%, the total apparent rate was 83.4%, and the basic healing rate was 42.6%.

This shows that electricity, light, sound, magnetism and other physical factors such as treatment in rehabilitation medicine, the role of undoubted, but unfortunately, in practice, but often pay attention to one aspect of the tendency to ignore the other. There are many reasons for this, one important reason is that the training of traditional physical factor therapy is not enough, resulting in many people who have not been in contact with this aspect of the work know little about it.