Introduction to Jakarta

Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is the largest city in Southeast Asia and a world-famous seaport. Jakarta is located on the north shore of West Java Island, at the mouth of Zhilian River, bordering on Jakarta Bay, with a population of 8.5 million, east longitude106 49' and south latitude 610'. Most of the residents are Javanese, and a few are Chinese, overseas Chinese and Dutch. Most residents believe in Islam and Buddhism, and some people believe in Christianity. The national language is Indonesian.

area of land

The Greater Jakarta Special Zone covers an area of 650.4 square kilometers and is divided into five cities: East Jakarta, South Jakarta, West Jakarta, North Jakarta and Central Jakarta, among which East Jakarta has the largest area of 178.07 square kilometers.

The development of history

Jakarta has a long history. As early as14th century, it became a port city with a certain scale. At that time, it was called Sunda Garaba, which means "Coconut", and overseas Chinese called it "Coconut City". About16th century, it was renamed Jakarta, which means "the castle of victory and glory". The port belonged to the Bachachala dynasty in the14th century. 1522, Wandan Kingdom conquered this area and built a city. On June 22nd, 1527 was renamed Jaya Garda, which means "Triumph City", or Jakarta for short. 1596, the Netherlands invaded Indonesia, 162 1 year, Jakarta changed its Dutch name to "Batavia". 1On August 8, 942, after the Japanese invaded Indonesia, the name of Jakarta was restored. 1August 945 17, Indonesia * * * was formally established with Jakarta as its capital. 1950 65438+1October 20th, Indonesia changed Jakarta to Batavia, changed its name to Greater Jakarta on March 3rd1day, and changed its name to Greater Jakarta Special Zone on March 3rd 196 1 day. Jakarta City Establishment Day is June 22nd, and a large-scale commemorative event is held on this day every year.

Development history

Jakarta is a famous city with a long history. Hundreds of years ago, it was a famous seaport for exporting peppers and spices. It was called Quetta Garaba, which means "the land with dense coconut groves" or "the world with coconut groves". 1527, the Indonesian people, led by Muslim leaders, defeated the Portuguese colonial fleet, recovered Gonda Garaba, and renamed it Chayagarda, meaning "City of Victory" and "Fortress of Glory", from which the name of Jakarta evolved. Overseas Chinese call it Coconut Garda or Coconut City. After 1596, Dutch colonists ruled Indonesia and changed their alias to "Batavia" in Dutch. 1800, Indonesia became a part of the Netherlands, known as "Dutch East India", and Batavia became the base camp for Dutch colonists to exploit and enslave Indonesia. In World War II, Japanese imperialism invaded Indonesia again. It was not until 1945 that Indonesia declared its independence that the name Jakarta was restored and designated as the capital.

Today, Jakarta has become the political, economic and cultural center of Indonesia, the hub of land and sea transportation, the traffic throat between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and an important bridge from Asia to Oceania. Many ships at home and abroad stop at Jakarta to add water for maintenance. Suburban International Airport is one of the largest international airports in the world.

overall impression

Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is undoubtedly a city with strong contrast between tradition and modernity, wealth and poverty. At first glance, it looks like a messy jungle made of reinforced concrete. Looking down from the height of the city, you can see low tile houses mixed with high-rise buildings everywhere, asphalt avenues and bluestone alleys crisscross, and magnificent high-class hotels and high-tech centers are located not far from noisy and crowded villages. All this makes people feel that Jakarta needs a better urban vision planning while it is committed to economic development.

Urban zoning

The urban area of Jakarta is divided into two parts. The northern coast is the old city, which is the shipping and commercial center. To the south is the new district, which is the administrative center. Today, it's hard to tell the difference. Independence Square in the center of Jakarta is lush with flowers. To the east of the square is the National Palace, which used to be the official residence of the Dutch Governor, and now it is the Indonesian Presidential Palace. To the west of the square is the National Museum, which is one of the seven museums in Jakarta and the largest museum in Southeast Asia. This is an ancient European-style building. In the museum, the model map of Indonesia islands is very eye-catching, with figures of various nationalities on it. From the model map, we can see the ethnic distribution, language and economic development of Indonesia. Buddhist and Hindu stone statues, ancient coins, seals, scales, wooden utensils and classical musical instruments are also on display. In ceramics museum, the porcelain on display has different shapes, and most of them are products of the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. Some ancient porcelains can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. These porcelains have witnessed the friendly exchanges between Indonesia and China for thousands of years, and they are also the epitome of Indonesian society and culture.

Jakarta is one of the three major tourist cities in Indonesia. The city is shaded by trees and evergreen trees are planted on both sides of the street. The world-famous Poggel Botanical Garden and Tea Garden are located here, as well as the Independence Square Park, Indonesian Mini Park, anzor Dream Park, Thousand Islands, Central Museum, Istihar Mosque and other places of interest. Kota is the center of Batavia, an ancient Dutch town in the17th century, surrounded by the cobblestone Taman Fatahira Square. Going north from Kota, an exquisite and ancient Dutch building, you will come to the ancient Sunda Crapa, which will remind people of the time when all kinds of sailing boats from all over the world gathered together.

General situation of city

It has the largest financial and industrial headquarters in China, hundreds of domestic and foreign enterprise offices, large-scale comprehensive markets and professional shopping malls. Jakarta Expo is held here every year. It is the largest industrial center in China. The main industries are shipbuilding, textile, automobile, assembly, building materials, ships, chemicals, fertilizers, food processing, tanning, printing and so on. Industry develops to the suburbs. There are six roads and railways on Java Island, which is a transportation hub. Tanjung Bulu, a foreign port, is the largest port in China. With the construction of Zhenkalan Airport, it is an important transit point for international air and sea routes between Europe and Oceania. There are 40 hospitals and 100 institutions, among which Indonesia University is the most famous. There are also many scientific research institutions, stadiums, aquariums, zoos, orchids, performance centers and seaside tourist areas. There is the largest central museum in China and the largest in Southeast Asia. It publishes 25 newspapers and 5 weekly magazines, as well as national radio and national television. Places of interest include the Old Portuguese Church, National Archives, Presidential Palace, Istikal Mosque, Old City Hall, Irian National Monument, enchanted gardens on Liya Beach in Bi Na, Jakarta Minipark, Laguna Zoo, Chipanas Summer Resort and Chipota Botanical Garden. The layout of this city is quite British. The first Asian Games and Southeast Asian Games were held here.

Climatic characteristics

Jakarta is high in the south and low in the north, with 10 rivers passing through the urban area, the most famous of which is Zhilin River. Jakarta has a tropical rainforest climate with an average annual temperature of 27 degrees. Affected by the equator, June165438+/kloc-0 is the west monsoon, and May to June 5-1O is the east monsoon. The whole region is composed of Pleistocene sediments, and the southern region is a part of alluvium, with fertile land, evergreen plants and blooming flowers.

Major industries

Jakarta has long been the economic center of the country, and its main industrial sectors include shipbuilding, textiles, automobile assembly, building materials, chemicals and food processing. Indonesia is the largest oil producer in Southeast Asia. The oil refinery in Jakarta is expanding year by year, and most of its products are exported through foreign ports.

Commerce and trade

The earliest settlements appeared in the 5th century. /kloc-in the 5th century, it became an important commercial port, trading with Zhanpo, Jugang and China. /kloc-in the 6th century, it was occupied by Vandan Kingdom and renamed Chajakarta, which means "Fort of Victory". /kloc-at the end of 0/6, the Dutch and Portuguese established a trading post here, referred to as Jakarta. 16 19, the Dutch commercial post was destroyed, and the city was rebuilt, named Batavia, which became the capital of Dutch East India, gradually developed into the world maritime trade liaison center, and the trade spread all over Asia, Europe and Africa, becoming the main city and administrative center of Indonesia. 1949 was renamed Jakarta after independence, and 1966 was designated as the capital special zone. It was occupied by Japan in World War II. The population is growing rapidly and immigrants mainly come from Java and Sumatra. Most employed people are engaged in commerce, trade and banking, followed by service, industry and transportation. The city is divided into new areas and old areas. The coastal area of the old district is the commercial center and the new district is the administrative center.

City symbol

The tallest building in this city, the Independence Monument, is a symbol of Jakarta. This marble monument built by President Su Jianuo is1.37m high, with a torch sculpture made of 35kg pure gold at the top, symbolizing Indonesian independence.

tourist resources

In Jakarta, there is a unique tourist attraction, and tourists come in an endless stream every day. Indonesians affectionately call it a "beautiful miniature of Indonesia" (also known as a mini park). According to Indonesia's geographical location, this miniature park presents Indonesia's islands, mountains, rivers, city ports, places of interest, customs and customs in a miniature situation to tourists. The park is located at 10 km south of Jakarta and covers an area of 120 hectares. 1972 broke ground, 1975 was completed on April 20th. At the entrance of "Indonesia Miniature" Park, climb high and have a bird's-eye view, giving you a panoramic view of "the country of a thousand islands". From east to west, islands and land are like green beads embedded in the Indian Ocean and the Java River.

In the "miniature park", different styles of landscapes and buildings in 27 provinces of Indonesia are built as they are. Here, you can enjoy the tropical scenery of Sumatra Island, you can see the stately and elegant white temples and the world-famous Borobudur Pagoda in the middle of Java Island, you can also stroll through the "tropical virgin forest" on Irian Jaya Island, and you can see ancient canoes, tall thatched sheds made of tree trunks and splendid palaces in coconut groves. Most of the buildings and figures in the miniature park are made of clay sculpture, which can be described as a master of Indonesian clay sculpture art. In every house, yard, forest and grassland, there are statues of figures, birds and animals, and the size ratio is the same as the real one. All kinds, all kinds, lifelike, as if in reality. On one side of the park gate, there is a circular screen cinema. Its external image is a golden conch, covering an area of 600 square meters, with 800 seats in the museum. The screen is the largest in the world, dedicated to showing documentaries about Indonesian customs, history, geography, economy and culture. At the beginning of the film, although the audience sat in chairs, they felt that they flew over the Grand Canyon in Indonesia for a while, overlooked the volcano spewing lava and ashes for a while, and saw the Madura race cattle, witnessed the carnival of Irian people, attended the funeral of Balinese people, attended the traditional wedding of Javanese people, and smelled the sweetness of bamboo rice.

Darling Avenue in the new area is wide and tidy, and modern luxury buildings are uneven. This is a place where banks and big companies gather, and it is known as "Wall Street" in Indonesia.

Main attraction

Istrad Mosque

Istikhar Mosque is the largest mosque in Indonesia, located in the northeast of Independence Square in Jakarta, and was built in 1979. The mosque covers an area of 93.5 hectares with a building area of 93,400 square meters. There is a huge semicircular roof painted white on the roof, which is very eye-catching.

Major Islamic events and ceremonies in Indonesia are held here, and Indonesian presidents and government officials often come here to worship.

Jakarta Independence Square

Independence Square is located in the center of Jakarta, also known as modica Square (Medika means independence), and its status and scale are comparable to Tiananmen Square. The surrounding streets are wide and tidy, dotted with flowers and trees, and full of green eyes.

To the north of the square is the Presidential Palace, and to the northeast is the largest Islamic Mosque in Indonesia. There are the Defense Department Courtyard and the Central Museum on the West Street. To the east is the railway station. In the southeast corner of the square, there is a group of carriage sculptures based on the story in the epic Mahabharata, which is very spectacular. There is a musical fountain in the park on the west side of the monument.

Indonesia miniature park

Indonesia Mini Park is located about 26 kilometers east of downtown Jakarta and was completed on 1975. There are all kinds of houses, lakes, parks, memorial towers, shopping centers, amphitheaters, cable cars, trains, water bikes and other physical models all over Indonesia, which are equivalent to the epitome of Indonesia.

There is a huge model map of Indonesia Islands in the center of the park, and the surrounding gardens are divided into 27 districts, representing 27 provinces and regions in Indonesia such as Central Java, Bali and Jakarta. Each district has local traditional buildings and local unique plants. Visitors can also visit the "Indonesian Islands" by boat.

There are museums, libraries, video centers, children's palaces and children's playgrounds in Indonesian mini-parks. Teenagers can go to the park regularly to learn traditional music and dance. One of the most striking buildings is the Golden Snail Panoramic Cinema, which regularly shows panoramic movies such as Beautiful Indonesia every day.

National historical relics

The National Monument is a symbol of Jakarta, located in the center of Independence Square Park in the city center. The first Indonesian President Su Jianuo ordered the construction from 65438 to 0959, and it was completed from 65438 to 0968.

This stone tablet is 137 meters high, and the top is a torch sculpture made of 35 kilograms of gold, which symbolizes Indonesia's independent spirit. The relief on the monument reflects the heroic deeds of the Indonesian people against Dutch colonial rule. There are fountains, pools and statues of national heroines beside the monument.

Central museum

The Central Museum is located in Independence West Street, west of Independence Square in the city center. Built in 1868, it is the largest and richest museum in Indonesia. The museum is a European white building. There is a bronze elephant standing on the stone pier in front of the museum, which was given by King Rama V of Siam during his visit in 187 1, so the museum is also called "Elephant Museum" or "Elephant Pavilion".

There are gold and silver ornaments room, bronze ware room, currency room, antique exhibition room, prehistoric exhibition room, wood exhibition room, folk custom exhibition room and East India Company exhibition room, including the skull fossil of Javanese ape-man 300,000 years ago, Ding Hewei of China in bronze age 3,000-4,000 years ago, ancient ceramics and ancient coins in China, elephant-headed Buddha statue in Java, unique house model in Sumatra, shadow play and puppet show.

Anzor Dream Park

Anzor Dream Park is the largest amusement park in Indonesia, located at the northern end of downtown Jakarta, near Jakarta Bay. There are newly designed hotels, open-air cinemas, aquariums, dolphin performance pools, artificial wave swimming pools, tennis courts, beach houses, art exhibition pavilions, warrior courts, golf courses, bowling alleys, stadiums, racetracks, beaches, nightclubs, steam baths, casinos, massage parlors, children's casinos and so on.

Dream Park also has villas with typical Indonesian national characteristics. Indonesian folk handicrafts are displayed in the art market, and artists also make paintings and sculptures for tourists on the spot. At dusk, folk dances from Bali and Kalimantan will be performed on the open-air stage.

traffic

The transportation in Indonesia is very convenient. The aviation network is centered on Jakarta and intertwined with major cities at home and abroad. The train starts from Jakarta and runs between Java Island and Suwandala Island. Expressway in Jakarta is in good condition, with coaches and buses traveling around the island. The main means of transportation in this city are taxis and tricycles.

Aviation:

China International Airlines has weekly flights from China and Beijing to Jakarta, Indonesia via Xiamen, China Southern Airlines has weekly flights from Guangzhou, China to Jakarta, Indonesia, and Eagle Asia Airlines has weekly flights from Jakarta, Indonesia to Guangzhou, China.

Airport:

Su Jianuo Hatta International Airport is located about 20 kilometers west of the city center. There are three aviation buildings in the center of the airport, one for international routes and the other two for domestic routes. The first floor of the international airline aviation building is the arrival hall, with a currency exchange office and a tourism service center; The second floor is the departure hall, with restaurants, duty-free shops and gift shops. It takes about half an hour to get to this city by taxi or bus. Airport tax for international flights 15000 rupiah, airport tax for domestic flights 5500 rupiah.

Train:

From Jakarta, the trains around the island are:

Bima: Jakarta-Yogyakarta-Surabaya 16 hours and 30 minutes.

Mutiara: Jakarta-Surabaya Driving: 15 hours and 30 minutes.

Parayengan: Jakarta-Bandung takes 3 hours and 20 minutes.

Railway station:

The main stations in the city are Kuda Station (address: J 1.stasiunNO. 1) and Garm-Beer Station (address: J 1). MerdekaTimur)。

Cars:

There are four colors for tourist buses and shuttle buses: green, blue, yellow, red and white. They take different routes, and the air-conditioned car between Jakarta and Bali is operated by SariExpress.

Catering gourmet

Indonesia's food culture has become international. In the capital Jakarta, there are various local dishes from all over the world, such as Chinese food, European food, Thai food, Vietnamese food, Japanese food, Korean food and Indian food. Chinese food, in particular, has China restaurants in major Indonesian towns, so tourists don't have to worry about not being able to eat Chinese food anywhere. Among the restaurants in China, there are Cantonese cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Shanghai cuisine and Shandong cuisine, but Cantonese restaurants are the most. The turtle soup served in restaurants in China is much cheaper than that in China, and it is very popular in China. Indonesian food is similar to that of most Southeast Asian countries, with a strong taste. Coconut milk and spices such as pepper, clove, cardamom and curry are often added to dishes, and Chili sauce is often served. Among all the dishes in Indonesia, the most typical one is Patong cuisine, which is famous for its deep frying and spicy taste. Visitors who like spicy food may wish to have a try.

Most Indonesians believe in Islam. They don't eat pork, mainly beef and mutton. Balinese, on the other hand, believe in Hinduism and do not eat beef, but mainly eat chicken and pork. The most common Indonesian dishes are mixed rice (gado-gado), kebab (sate), grilled fish (ikan panggang), roast beef (sapipang-gang) and roast mutton (kambing panggang). Soups are usually beef soup (sotosapi), mutton soup (sotokambing) and chicken soup (Sotoyam). Due to the hot weather, Indonesians generally don't like to eat hot rice and vegetables, and don't drink very hot soup. Have the habit of drinking coffee or tea after meals, usually with sugar. Indonesians are used to drinking black tea, and many people are beginning to like jasmine tea and green tea. Indonesians like sweets, and there are many kinds of snacks after meals. There are fried bananas and various cakes made of rice flour, glutinous rice flour, flour, cassava flour, soybean flour with coconut milk and sugar. Pastries in the eastern region are usually made of sand powder. In addition, Indonesians often entertain guests with dried bananas and fried banana slices.

There are many kinds of fruits in the Indonesian market. The most popular local tropical fruits for foreign tourists are durian, king of fruits, mangosteen, mango, rambutan, dugu, snakeskin, papaya, pistachio, passion fruit, banana, pineapple, annona, avocado, grapefruit and orange. Apples, pears, oranges, grapes and other fruits imported from the United States, China and Australia are of good quality and deeply loved by local people, but their prices are higher. In restaurants or banquet tables, watermelons, melons, etc. It is also a commonly used fruit after dinner.

As drinks on the table, there are all kinds of wine, mineral water, beer and fruit juice commonly used. The largest mineral water brand in Indonesia is "Aqua". When ordering mineral water, just say "Aqua". An Indonesian beer with the brand "Tang Bin" enjoys a high reputation in China and is sold in all restaurants. Tsingtao beer from China has entered the Indonesian market, but it is only available in a few Chinese restaurants. Commonly used fruit juices on the dining table include coconut juice, orange juice, watermelon juice and white melon juice. Fresh coconut can be seen everywhere in Indonesia and various tourist attractions, and it is a very popular drink with low price.

In the Indonesian market, except for textiles and services, the prices of general commodities are not cheaper than those in China, so you don't have to spend money on general commodities, but choose handicrafts and souvenirs with Indonesian characteristics.

artware

There are many kinds of handicrafts and souvenirs in Indonesia, each with its own characteristics. Among them are Badipu, Grice dagger, wood carving, silverware products, bronze or copper alloy statues, shadow play, puppet show, Borobudur stupa in Pramban, Nanling Temple and other landscape models, multicolored shell products, lilac string artworks, natural gems, Indonesian landscape paintings in Bali and so on. Decorative fans, horn crafts, small stone crafts and Lombok porcelain pots are all favorite items of foreign tourists.

Indonesia's silver products can be divided into two categories, one is an ornament made of pure silver or silver alloy that we are familiar with, and the other is a slender silver wire welded according to the pattern design. His works are exquisite, delicate and graceful. There are many shapes of silver handicrafts, including some small and exquisite flower-shaped silver brooches and silver earrings, which are beautiful and easy to carry, and often become the first choice for tourists.

Badi cloth is a kind of batik printed cloth, which is characterized by printing colorful patterns on the cloth, including geometric patterns, various flower and bird patterns, symmetrical patterns and asymmetrical patterns. Its colors are mainly black, red and yellow, bright and lively, and some are mainly blue, brown and white, which is dignified and deep. This kind of fabric is not only deeply loved by the Indonesian people, but also has a long-standing reputation in the world. The long-sleeved men's shirts and women's sand cages made of it are designated as Indonesian national clothes, which are suitable for various formal and informal occasions.

Visitors should pay attention to the manufacturing process when buying Bati cloth. Printed batibu is drawn by traditional hand, with fine workmanship and artistic value, but it is generally expensive because of time-consuming and laborious. Mechanical Badibu, because of its high output, relatively cheap price and more economic benefits, is not as good as handmade products in artistic value.

Indonesian woodcarving, especially Balinese woodcarving, is well-known at home and abroad, and almost all foreign guests who travel to Indonesia will not buy one or two Balinese woodcarving as souvenirs. Balinese woodcarving is a traditional handicraft, which was originally closely related to the religious beliefs of Balinese people.

People carve Hindu gods they worship with stones or wood and worship them in temples, courtyards and halls. Later, it was passed down from generation to generation, resulting in countless skilled craftsmen. Most of the wood carvings in Bali are carved from ebony and teak, with hard texture and fine patterns. Their shapes are varied, including lifelike animals such as condors, bulls, lions, bulls and various birds, lifelike Balinese fishermen and girls, legendary figures in folk stories and various abstract artistic images in contemporary times.

native products

Indonesia's native products are famous all over the world. The first thing that comes to mind is Indonesia's printed cloth (Badibu), which is exquisite and gorgeous, showing Indonesia's characteristics. This is 12 century technology from the royal family of Indonesia. Through batik, animals and portraits are arranged in geometric shapes, and the colors are traditional blue and brown.

Secondly, there are many kinds of handicrafts in Indonesia, which are full of southern flavor. Among them, Grice's daggers, wood carvings, puppets in shadow play, puppets in puppet shows, banyan canes and silver products are the most collectible.

Indonesia produces all kinds of spices, and the taste of various afternoon spices, coupled with spicy, has become the characteristic of Indonesian cuisine. Satay is the most typical dish in Indonesia. Authentic Indonesian Satay is made by cutting cattle, sheep or chicken into square slices, pickling with spices such as red onion, pepper, sugar and sour fruit for two hours, and then baking. It's fun to drink a glass of cold Indonesian beer and eat a bunch of satay. "More ice" is a unique dessert. It's a unique taste in Indonesia. It uses mung bean powder to make pudding-like vegetable jelly, which contains crystals, coconut pulp and Java sugar.

Java coffee is also worth tasting, mainly because Indonesians drink differently. In Indonesia, hot coffee is not drunk, and it is the best coffee after a little cooling.

Dongfang Watertown

As early as the Batavia era, Jakarta was an important coastal town. At that time, Dutch colonists used artificial canals as urban drainage systems, which was also an important transportation hub. A boat with about 10 passengers was the most commonly used means of transportation at that time. People live on this boat every day. Jakarta at that time was called Venice of the East by the western world.

With the development of the times, there are more and more roads, such as expressway and bus lanes. Indonesia, the largest city in China, has rarely seen such means of transportation, replaced by modern means of transportation such as cars and motorcycles. In the past, it was called "Venice of the East", but now it has become the past, and people seem to have completely forgotten the traditional customs of the past.

But in Jakarta, there are still some areas: Sunter, Ancol, Tj.Priok. So far, we can still see this traditional transportation boat, but this public transportation boat no longer shoulders the main transportation function, but has become a ferry to send people across the river. Some old people living in the old days still recall the customs of old Jakarta from time to time and can't help sighing.

In fact, as long as the canal running through the city is cleaned up, such local traditional customs will still be preserved in the era of rapid development and become one of Jakarta's characteristic attractions to attract tourists. Just like Thailand's "water market" is one of the must-see spots for tourists from all over the world to travel to Thailand.