Introduction to cypress data (introduction to cypress characteristics)

Since ancient times, pine and cypress have been called "the length of a hundred trees", which occupies a very important position in the traditional culture of China. Cypress has many legends.

Cupressaceae, collectively known as cypress, is the only visible conifer in the world. According to the traditional classification, there are 8 genera, 39 species and 6 varieties in China, and L genus 15 species have been introduced and cultivated, which are almost distributed all over the country.

Cypress has an ancient origin, evergreen seasons, graceful posture, tenacious vitality, long life and tough and fragrant wood. It is an important urban and rural greening and multi-purpose tree species, among which Platycladus orientalis, Platycladus orientalis and Cupressus orientalis are the most common. Platycladus orientalis is the city tree in Beijing and Lhasa, Tibet, and Tabai is the city tree in Guangyuan, Sichuan.

There are always suitable cypress trees in different ecological environments, and some even stick out branches from cracks in rocks, where there is no soil at all. Therefore, cypress has a wide range of ecological adaptability and species diversity, which can be seen in North China, plains, hills and mountains.

In the subtropical limestone low mountains, cypress and cypress are afforestation tree species. In the west of Hengduan Mountains, Sabina vulgaris and Sabina vulgaris are typical alpine conifers. Sabina vulgaris is a typical forest community type from Qilian Mountain to Minshan Mountain. There are giant cypresses and sparse forests in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Cypress trees from other countries, such as Mexican cypress and American cypress, have taken root in China's cities and countryside.

Cypress is an invincible ecological guardian, and some places with poor natural conditions have become vibrant because of cypress. Sabina vulgaris is a sparse forest in the transition from coniferous forest to alpine shrub or alpine meadow in southwest mountainous area, that is, critical forest, which is located in the harsh habitat where spruce, fir forest and larch are difficult to grow. Qinling Mountain is barren in soil, with a large area of exposed rocks, and Platycladus orientalis is the only vegetation. Among the calcareous purple soil and calcareous soil with shallow soil layer in western Hunan, only a few tree species such as cypress can grow normally.

There are 33,000 hectares of severely rocky desertification mountainous areas in Longhui, Hunan Province, with dense stone pits and no weeds. It is called "Flame Mountain", and some foreign experts assert that it is "a place that will never turn green". Over the past 30 years, Longhui County has planted 65.438+0.5 billion cypress trees in rocky desertification areas, covering an area of more than 20,000 hectares, with a total of 65.438+0.5 million cubic meters, creating a miracle of "green mountains and green waters with rocky mountains".

Cypress is also widely used in landscaping. Its tree shape is beautiful, cold-resistant, snow-resistant, pollution-resistant, can block dust and absorb sulfur dioxide, and is suitable for planting in parks, hospitals, schools and other places. 1 ha Juniper can secrete 30kg of aromatic phytoncide one day and night. There are cypresses planted by Confucius and 200 hectares of "Kong Lin" dominated by ancient cypresses in the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province, which gives people the artistic conception of "seeking the past to Qufu". There are more than 20,000 Platycladus orientalis in Mount Tai, most of which are over 200 years old. The "Baidong" formed at an altitude of 600 meters on the west side of the road is very spectacular. The main tree in Beijing Tiantan Park is cypress.

Cypress is also a well-known bonsai material, which is often used by ancient bonsai players and modern bonsai schools. In recent years, Platycladus orientalis has been sought after by Wan Wen market, which has caused great pressure on the protection of all kinds of Platycladus orientalis and even Platycladus orientalis resources in Taihang Mountain.

The majestic ancient cypress can be seen everywhere in China, which is a vivid manifestation of the magical charm of cypress. More than 80,000 ancient cypresses in Shaanxi Huangdi Mausoleum are spectacular, covering an area of 160 hectares. Among them, a Platycladus orientalis in Xuanyuan Temple Gate is19.5m high, with a bust of 8.38m and an average crown of18m. According to legend, it was planted by Xuanyuan Huangdi, which experienced five thousand years of wind and rain. It is recognized as the oldest and strongest cypress by experts at home and abroad. In 20 16, the Office of the National Greening Committee and the Forestry Society of China recognized Xuanyuanbai as the most beautiful Platycladus orientalis in China, and also recognized the most beautiful cypress, the most beautiful juniper, the most beautiful giant cypress and the most beautiful Jiange cypress.

In the local organization's "Tree King" selection, cypress was among them. Among the "Top Ten Most Beautiful Tree Kings" in Beijing, Platycladus orientalis in Xinchengzi Town of Miyun District and cypress in the Temple of Heaven were selected. It is estimated that the ancient Platycladus orientalis in Miyun is the oldest tree in Beijing, with a tree age of 3500 years. In Hebei Province, the ancient Platycladus orientalis in Zhoujiahe, Fuping County, Baoding City is one of the "Top Ten Ancient Trees". Hunan discovered the "King of Cupressus" in Huangjingping, Xiangtan County for more than 800 years, and soon discovered two older and stronger ancient cypresses in Zhangjiajie.

There are many world-famous barrel makers. It is said that two "Bai Zhou" strains of Songyang Academy in Henan were named "General" and "Second General" in BC 1 10. Four cypress trees were planted in the original site of the temple in Guangfu Town, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province. It was handed down by Deng Yu, a great Stuart in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Emperor Qianlong named it Qing, Qi, Gu and Qi. There is a cypress tree in Jinci, Taiyuan, Shanxi, which is more than 3000 years old by carbon 14 determination. There is a poem "White Pine" in Heilongtan, Kunming, and Guo Moruo has a poem saying: "Tea trees in Yizhushan are early red, and a hundred clouds are proud. I was stunned by Tang Mei's drowsiness, which set off the posture of Bai Song. " There is a cypress tree in Alishan, Taiwan Province Province, with a height of 57 meters, a DBH of 6.5 meters and a volume of 504 cubic meters. It was once listed as the largest tree in East Asia by academic circles.

An ancient cypress is a landscape, and an ancient cypress is a scenic spot. The ancient giant Berlin in Buqi Township, Linzhi, Tibet covers an area of nearly 9 hectares. The average height of cypress is 44 meters, and DBH is 65,438+0.58 cm. One of the trees is more than 50 meters high, nearly 6 meters in diameter and 2500 years old, which is amazing. Cui Yun Gallery in Sichuan Shudao is famous for its ancient cypresses. It is the earliest and largest street tree group planted artificially in the world, and now it is a national scenic spot.

Cypress is not only beautiful, but also has a wide range of high-end uses. Cedar wood has excellent material, fine structure, easy processing, strong corrosion resistance, good adhesive property and fragrance. Since ancient times, it has been an excellent material for architecture, bridges, shipbuilding, furniture and handicrafts. The cypress component of the trunk building was unearthed from Hemudu cultural site in Ningbo. It is recorded in the Book of Songs that a temple in Shang Dynasty was built with cypress trees. The Avalokitesvara statue with thousands of hands and thousands of eyes enshrined in Mahayana Pavilion of Puning Temple, Waiba Temple in Chengde, Hebei Province, is carved from five kinds of wood, pine, cypress, elm, fir and linden, weighing about 1 10 ton. The inside of the giant Buddha is a four-story wooden frame structure, and the central column is made of cypress trees with a diameter of 65 cm and a height of 25 meters, which is a wonder.

Cypress is also an important medicinal material. The medicinal name of Platycladus orientalis leaf seed is "Baiziren", and Shennong Herbal Classic is listed as the top-grade medicinal material. In ancient Taoism, cypress was often used to make medicine pillows. The branches, leaves, roots and seeds of cypress can be used for oil extraction and medicine. Dry cypress oil extracted from branches and roots of cypress is a traditional export material.

Cooper is a "living cultural relic", witnessing the historical situation and having a strange shape. Its branches are like the head, body, claws and whiskers of a dragon, or the whole tree looks like some kind of terrain, which adds to the mystery. Cooper's magical story is passed down from mouth to mouth. According to legend, the cypress on the west side of Dacheng Hall of Confucius Temple in Beijing was planted by Xu Heng, a drinker in imperial academy in Yuan Dynasty. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the traitor Yan Song came to pay homage to Confucius on behalf of the emperor. When he went down to the mausoleum, Baizhi bumped into Yan Song's head, and the traitor was frightened. At the beginning of the new year tomorrow, eunuch Wei Zhongxian came to the Confucius Temple to pay homage. When he walked under the tree, a cypress branch suddenly fell and hit him, scaring him out of a serious illness. From then on, the story that the tree was called "touching rape" and "getting rid of rape" and "knowing everything without fear of power" spread.

Cypress symbolizes justice, nobility, longevity and immortality, and has evolved into a sacred tree in the long river of history. Cooper carries information in silence and enters people's hearts through the fog of time. People pay deep respect to cypress trees and promote the formation of a culture that respects nature. According to the latest list of national key protected wild plants, cypress, golden cypress and other cypress trees are listed as key protected objects, and their living conditions have attracted much attention. According to the new classification method, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Metasequoia glyptostroboides have also been merged into Cupressaceae. With the addition of these precious tree species with the same ancient origin, the magical cypress family is deducing a new green legend.