Physics and answers of Huanggang 20 12 examination questions (clear)

Huanggang 20 12 Academic Examination for Junior High School Graduates

Comprehensive examination questions of science

The first volume (multiple choice questions ***55 points)

1. Multiple-choice questions (only one option in each question meets the meaning of the question, 1- 14 2 points, 15-23 3 points, * * 55 points).

1. Material circulation in the ecosystem is accompanied by energy flow. The picture shows the carbon cycle of the ecosystem. The following analysis of this picture is correct.

The composition of the "atmosphere" in the picture is oxygen.

In the illustrated ecosystem, the direction of energy flow is from animals to plants, from microorganisms to animals, and from microorganisms to plants.

C. Physiological processes ② ③ ④ all indicate biological respiration.

The significance of D process ② lies not only in providing matter and energy for living things, but also in maintaining the balance of carbon and oxygen in the biosphere.

2. The following statement is incorrect.

A.DNA is one of the material components of chromosomes and is located in the nucleus, so all DNA exists in the nucleus.

B put the epidermal cells of onion scales in clean water, the cells will not break because they have cell walls.

C rice root cells absorb more inorganic salts containing silicon and less inorganic salts containing calcium, mainly due to the function of cell membrane.

D. Compared with crucian carp, lotus has different structural levels because there is no system.

3. Which of the following statements is correct about the reproduction and development of living things?

A grafting, plant tissue culture, IVF and cloned sheep are all asexual reproduction.

B. There is a disc-shaped white spot in the center of the egg yolk surface, indicating that the egg has been fertilized.

C the development of silkworm, bee and locust goes through four stages: egg → larva → pupa → adult.

D. Frog reproduction and larval development are carried out in water, and larvae can only live on land after metamorphosis.

4. The following description about the regulation of human life activities is incorrect.

A human nerve cells are obviously different from other cells, and their cell bodies have many processes.

B. When people are drunk, they will be incoherent and walk unsteadily, which are related to the brain and cerebellum respectively.

C. A classmate grabbed a hot steamed bun, first felt hot, and then quickly put it down.

D. Newborns' lips suck when they first touch nipples, which is a simple reflection.

5. "Healthy diet, healthy life". The following statement or practice is correct.

A. Some people will have allergic reactions such as itchy skin when they eat seafood. Substances that cause allergic reactions are called antibodies in medicine.

Lysozyme in body fluids can destroy the cell walls of many kinds of bacteria, which belongs to the second line of defense to protect human body.

C. Vegetables and fruits with "bug eyes" have low pesticide content and can be purchased with confidence.

D. When the great thigh blood vessels rupture and bleed, press the proximal end of the ruptured blood vessels to stop bleeding.

6. According to the analysis in Figure ①-③, the following statement is correct.

A. Figure ① is a schematic diagram of lung volume changes when people breathe quietly, in which section b→c is the inspiratory process and the diaphragm is relaxed.

B. When the light intensity reaches point B in Figure ②, the plants begin to carry out photosynthesis.

C. When the ambient temperature decreases, point A in Figure ② moves down.

D Figure ③ shows the changes of organic matter content during the seed germination and seedling growth of kidney bean.

7. In the experimental operation shown in the figure below, it is absolutely correct that

8. If frosted glass plugs are used in reagent bottle containing lye, Na2SiO3 may be generated after a long time, and the cork will get stuck. The valence state of silicon in Na2SiO3 is

A.+6 B.+4 C.+2 D.-2

9. The following statement is incorrect.

The 2B pencil we use is made of organic matter and metal.

The phenomenon of thermal expansion and cold contraction of substance B indicates that there are gaps between molecules.

C. Dilute hydrochloric acid and vinegar can turn purple litmus solution red.

D.H2, carbon and cobalt are reducible and can be used to smelt metals.

10. The energy problem is one of the three major problems in the world today. The following statement about energy is incorrect.

A. Ethanol added to ethanol gasoline belongs to renewable energy.

B. The process of obtaining energy from fossil fuels is a physical change.

C. Making briquette into "honeycomb briquette" is to increase the contact area with air and make it burn more fully.

D. There is a large amount of "combustible ice" on the seabed of the South China Sea, which will become a new energy source to replace fossil fuels.

1 1. Tin (sn) is one of the hardware, and its metal active sequence is between iron and copper, so the following reactions will not occur.

A.Zn+Sn(NO3)2 = Zn(NO3)2+Sn B . Sn+2 HCl = = SNC L2+H2↑

C.Sn+2 AGN 03 = Sn(NO3)2+2Ag D . Sn+MGS 04 = SNS 04+Mg

12. The following statements about the solution are incorrect.

Sucrose solution is a homogeneous and stable mixture.

B The solubility of potassium nitrate at 20℃ is 3 1.6g, so 100g potassium nitrate solution contains 31.6g. ..

C. Setting up pumps in fish ponds and spraying water into the air can increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in water.

D cooling or evaporating the solvent can saturate the nearly saturated sodium chloride solution.

13. Sean made a certain amount of hydrogen with enough zinc particles and dilute sulfuric acid in the laboratory according to the device on the right. It was found that the liquid level was just out of contact with zinc particles and no acid solution was added. If the following reagents are added from the long-necked funnel without affecting the hydrogen production, which reagent do you think is the most suitable?

A. sodium hydroxide solution B. sodium carbonate solution C. sodium sulfate solution D. clarified limewater

14. For the reaction: X+Ca (OH) 2 = Y+Cu (OH) 2 ↓, the following analysis is correct.

A. the reaction type can be displacement reaction.

The difference between the relative molecular weights of B.X and Y is 18.

C.x can be CuCl2 or Fe2(S04)3.

D.y can be calcium chloride or calcium nitrate.

15. It is reported that jamie Vindra, the world's "roaring king", once roared a sound exceeding 100 decibel, as shown in the figure, when he roared, the glass was shattered. The following statement about his "roar" sound is correct.

A. sound transmits energy. Sound travels only in glass.

C. sound is produced by the vibration of glass. D. The higher the decibel number of sound, the greater its frequency.

16. There is a large amount of "combustible ice" on the seabed of the South China Sea, which is composed of natural gas and water at low temperature and high pressure.

The formed solid substance, named after its crystal clear appearance, looks like ice but can burn, which is a new energy source with high combustion value, cleanliness and no pollution. The following statement is correct,

A. combustible ice is a renewable energy source. B. The energy of combustible ice comes from solar energy hundreds of millions of years ago.

C. combustible ice is produced by nuclear fusion reaction. D. nuclear energy is converted into internal energy when combustible ice burns.

17. The causes of the following light phenomena are the same as those of the solar eclipse.

18. Oster discovered the magnetic effect of current and unveiled the connection between electricity and magnetism for the first time; Faraday discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, further revealed the connection between electricity and magnetism, and opened the era of human electrification. The following statement about electromagnetic phenomena is correct.

A. there must be a magnetic field around the charged conductor.

B. the movement of a conductor in a magnetic field will inevitably produce an induced current.

C. electromagnetic waves cannot propagate in a vacuum.

The force of magnetic field on charged conductor has nothing to do with the direction of magnetic field.

19.20 12 Huanggang uses the "sitting posture flexion tester" as shown in figure 1 to test the physical flexibility of junior high school graduates. The tester pushes the slider forward, and the greater the distance the slider is pushed, the greater the indicator of the instrument. Ruoqi designed four kinds of circuits (as shown in Figure 2) for simulation test, requiring that when the slider of the sliding rheostat in the circuit slides to the right, the number of electrical representations increases. Among them, the circuit that meets the requirements is

20. The picture shows the change of temperature with time when a substance is heated. The following analysis of the image is correct.

A.this substance must be crystal.

B.T2 must be the boiling point of this substance.

C.0-t 1 time, the molecular thermal motion of the substance intensifies.

D.t 1-t2 time, material temperature is constant, and internal energy is constant.

2 1. Loop ball is a powerful attacking technique of table tennis. The picture shows someone pulling out a hoop ball at high speed in the air.

At this time, the relative velocity of gas above the ball is less than that below the ball. The following statement is correct.

A. The ball continues in air movement under the action of inertial force.

B. when the ball moves forward in the air, it is acted by a balancing force.

The falling speed of ball C will be slower when it rotates at high speed than when it does not rotate.

D. The ball will fall faster when it rotates at high speed than when it doesn't rotate.

22. The following statement about "electricity" is correct.

A. the essence of triboelectrification is to generate charge.

B. the moving charge will definitely form a current.

C. if there is voltage on the circuit, there must be current.

D. There is a current in the resistor, which

There must be a voltage across it.

23. Figures 3 and 4 are pulley blocks assembled by the same pulley. Party A and Party B use two devices respectively to lift the heavy objects with equal mass to the same height at the same time and at the same speed, regardless of air resistance, friction, and the mass of pulleys and ropes. The following statement is correct.

The pulling force of A.A is three times that of b.

B B pulls the rope twice as fast as A.

The force of a pull is greater than that of b pull.

If the pulley mass is considered, the mechanical efficiency of the device of fig. 3 is less than that of fig. 4.

Volume 2 (multiple choice questions, *** 105)

Physical part

2. Fill in the blanks by drawing lots (4 points for 24-26 questions, 2 points for 27 questions, 3 points for 28 questions, *** 17 points)

24. The picture shows part of the circuit of Xiao Juan bathroom. Incandescent lamp L is marked with the words "220V 40w", and the resistance of L during normal operation is. The safety hazard of this circuit is. After Xiao Juan improved the circuit, he thought that his family often forgot to turn off the lights, so he connected the incandescent lamps L and L marked "220v 60W" in series between A and B, and the total power of the circuit was larger or smaller than that of the original _ _ _ _ _ _), and the voltage ratio between L' and L (regardless of the change of filament resistance).

25. Drift is a difficult auto show. There is a method of "drifting" like this: when a car is speeding on a level ground, there is a pair of balancing forces, that is, the pressure of the car on the ground and the supporting force of the ground on the car (fill in "Yes" or "No"). At this time, the car suddenly brakes, but it still has to move forward. This is because the car has _ _ _ _ _ _. Turn the steering wheel at the same time, and the car turns sharply, which is caused by friction. In this process, the tire temperature rises, mainly through _ _ _ _ to change the internal energy of the tire.

26. The picture on the right shows the picture taken by the "arrow camera" on the launch vehicle in China when the rocket rises. The camera lens is equivalent to a convex lens and is imaged on the photosensitive element. If the focal length of the lens is f when shooting this picture, the distance u from the lens to the photosensitive element satisfies the condition of _ _ _ _ _ _, and the image formed by the object through this lens is _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "inverted" or "upright"). The camera works in a high temperature environment, and the lens is made of high-temperature resistant timely materials, which is because the timely _ _ _ _ is higher; If the lens mass is m, the specific heat capacity is c, the lens temperature before rocket launch is t, and the lens temperature after heat absorption is _ _ _ _ _.

27. Sunflower is named because the disc growing at the top of the stem rotates with the sun. The picture shows sunflowers at rest. Please draw the stress diagram of the disc in the picture.

28. As the picture shows, there is a water tank in the darkroom. A laser beam above the water tank is incident on the O point on the plane mirror (not shown in the figure), and the beam is reflected by the plane mirror and irradiated on the B point in the water tank. Please draw a plane mirror and make a light path diagram of light propagating from point O to point B.

Iii. Experiment and Inquiry (29 questions 6 points, 30 questions 5 points, 3 1 question 5 points, *** 16 points)

29. Bing Lv connected the experimental equipment according to Figure 5 to measure the power of small bulbs at different voltages.

The rated voltage of the bulb used is 2.5V.

(1) Before closing the switch, the sliding vane of the sliding rheostat should slide to the bottom (fill in "left" or "right");

(2) Please complete the circuit diagram corresponding to the physical diagram in the dotted box;

(3) After closing the switch, he found that the light bulb is not bright, the voltmeter has no indication, and the ammeter has indication, so the possible fault of the circuit is _ _ _ _ _. After troubleshooting, when the slider is moved to a certain position, the voltage representation is as shown in Figure 6, and the voltage at both ends of the bulb is _ _ _ _ _. To continue measuring the rated power of the light bulb, slide the slider to the _ _ _ _ _ _ end (fill in "left" or "right").

30. Xiang Li found a hard stone on the mountain. He just measured the density of the stone with a ruler. The device is shown in the figure, and the main experimental steps are as follows:

A, hanging a light straight rod with a fine wire, wherein the hanging point is O, and hanging a fine wire weight at the point P on the left side of the point O of the straight rod;

B, keeping the hanging point of the heavy object unchanged, hanging a light plastic bag filled with water at a point on the right side of the O point of the straight rod with a thin thread, and measuring the distance from the O point with a ruler to be 30.0cm；;

C, filling the overflow cup with water, slowly immersing the stone to be detected in the cup, and letting all the overflow water flow into the light plastic bag;

D, keeping the hanging point of the heavy object unchanged, hanging the stone to be tested at a certain point on the right side of the O point of the straight bar with thin wires, and measuring the distance from the point to the O point with a ruler as12.0 cm; ;

(1) The mechanical law mainly applied in the experiment is _ _ _ (fill in Archimedes' principle or "equilibrium condition of lever");

(2) The best sequence of the above experimental steps is _ _ _ (fill in the letters before the steps);

(3) Given that the density of water is 1.0× 103 kg/m3, the density of the stone to be measured can be _ _ _ _.

31.2065438+On May 27th, 2002, the first-class wreckage of the "Long March 3B" carrier rocket fell to Suining County, Hunan Province, damaging houses. This has aroused the concern of the scientific and technological team of a school: what factors are related to the force on the ground when a vertically falling object collides with the ground? A classmate's guess is related to the quality of the object and the height from the ground when it begins to fall.

(1) You guess it has something to do with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;

(2) In order to verify his conjecture, the student designed the following experimental scheme: spread some newspapers on the horizontal ground, release the same basketball painted with red pigment from different heights, and the basketball will leave round red marks of different sizes on the newspapers; By comparing footprints, we can compare the stress of basketball on the ground. The experimental methods used in this scheme are _ _ _ _ _ _ _;

(3) Another student puts the newspaper with the red imprint on the electronic dynamometer, as shown in the figure, and then puts the basketball in the center of the imprint and presses it down hard. When the basketball just covers _ _ _ _ _, the dynamometer indicates the force on the ground when the basketball leaves the mark.

Four, comprehensive application (32 questions 7 points, 33 questions 8 points, *** 15 points)

32.2011August, China's self-developed deep-sea probe "Jilong" (as shown in Figure 7) successfully completed the 5000m deep-sea exploration in the Pacific Ocean. In June 20 12, it will go to the Mariana Trench to challenge the 7000m deep-sea exploration (regardless of the change of seawater density, the density P is 1.0×).

(1) If the maximum pressure that the dragon can bear is 7.2× 107Pa, what is the maximum depth that it can dive? (regardless of atmospheric pressure)

(2) How much pressure did Jiaolong observation window with an area of 50cm2 bear during the detection of the above two depths?

(3) After completing the task, the mosquito dragon floats on the sea surface, and it is lifted vertically from the water surface by the lifting device at a constant speed. The power image of the lifting force of the lifting device changing with time is shown in Figure 8, where p2 = 2p 1. The total mass of "Jilong" during lifting is 22 tons. Find the displacement of "Jiaolong" at t 1 (without considering water resistance).

33. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the electric water heater designed by Xiaoying, which has the function of heating and heat preservation. In fig. 9, an electromagnetic relay (excluding coil resistance), a thermistor R, a protection resistor R0, a constant voltage 6V power supply U 1 and a wire constitute a control circuit. When the current I in the electromagnet coil is less than 10 mA, the contact above the relay is connected with the contact C; When the current I in the electromagnet coil is more than or equal to10ma, the armature of the electromagnet is sucked down, and the contacts below the relay and the contacts A and B are connected. The maximum allowable current i0 in thermistor I0= 15mA, and the law of its resistance value r changing with temperature is shown in figure 10. The thermistor and three resistors R 1, R2 and R3 in the heating circuit are all placed in the water storage tank. R1= 33Ω, R2 = 66ω, R3 =154Ω, U2 = 220v.

(1) What is the total resistance of the heating circuit when the armature is sucked down?

(2) In the heat preservation state, if the heating power of the heating circuit is equal to 80% of the heat dissipation power of the water heater, calculate the heat emitted by the water heater within 10 minute;

(3) In order to make the control circuit work normally, what is the resistance of the protection resistor R0 at least? If R0 is this value, what is the water temperature of the water storage tank when the armature just sucks down?

Chemical part

5. Fill in the blanks and answer short questions (this question contains 3 small questions, *** 19 points. )

34.(8 points) (1) Choose the appropriate element from the five elements of C, H, O, N and S, and fill in the blanks with ion symbols or chemical formulas (only one answer is needed).

(2) Write the chemical equations of the following reactions (there are many answers, only one).

35.(6 points) (1) Read the following passage and answer related questions:

Hydrochloric acid is a widely used substance. In the laboratory, hydrochloric acid can react with other substances to generate a variety of gases, and the chemical formula of one gas is _ _ _ _ _ _. Hydrochloric acid has many uses in industry, one of which is _ _ _ _. Silicon tetrachloride is an intermediate raw material for manufacturing semiconductor material silicon. It is easy to absorb water vapor in the air to generate H4SiO4 _ 4 and H2O, and produce white smoke. The chemical equation of this process is _ _ _ _ _.

(2) It is a good learning method to understand and construct what you have learned and explain it with specific examples. Please give an example to answer the related questions in the column of "Judgment and Interpretation".

36.(5 points) When instructing students to memorize chemical equations, Teacher Li pointed out that many reactions can be summarized. For example, copper oxide, copper hydroxide and copper carbonate react with sulfuric acid, and the products all contain copper sulfate and water. The students were very interested in this and concluded:

(1) When substance A reacts with hydrochloric acid, there are NaCl and H2O in the product, and substance A can be _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ (please fill in the chemical formulas of two different substances); In the above conversion process, the chemical equation that belongs to the neutralization reaction is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2)A, B, C, D and E are all common substances in junior middle school chemistry, among which D is a purplish red metal, and the transformation relationship between them is shown in the right picture, and the reaction conditions have been omitted. The chemical formula of E in the figure is _ _ _ _ _ _; If A is a compound, the chemical equation of reaction A+B→C+D is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

VI. Calculation problem (this problem includes 1 small question, ***5 points)

37.(5 points) The reaction of impure zinc with dilute sulfuric acid can speed up the hydrogen production. How many grams of hydrogen can the mixture of 13g zinc powder and 2g copper powder react with enough dilute sulfuric acid in the laboratory?

Vii. Inquiry and experiment questions (this question includes 2 small questions, *** 10)

38.(4 points) The design and assembly of the experimental device is an improved process. Please observe the following equipment and answer related questions.

The chemical equation of the reaction in (1)A device is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) According to the applicable conditions of device A, get device B, where the name of device C is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) Choose one of the above devices for collecting hydrogen, and the corresponding number is _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) Device E can collect gas from one of interfaces A and B instead of devices C and D, and can reduce gas escaping into the air. Devices A and E are currently used to generate and collect oxygen, and the _ _ _ _ _ port should be connected to device A (select "A" or "B").

39.(6 points) A chemistry interest group found a bottle of five-color solution with corroded label in the laboratory (as shown on the right), and they became interested in it.

[Question] What exactly is this bottle of solution?

After asking the experimental teacher about the usual drug storage, I learned that this colorless solution should be one of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and sodium nitrate. In order to determine this drug, they first made a theoretical analysis:

(1) Xiao Ming thinks it can't be _ _ _ _ according to the ingredients on the label.

(2) It is also impossible for Xiaoying to propose sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate. You think her basis is _ _ _ _ _.

In order to determine which of the two residual salts this solution is, they designed the following experiment.

[Design experiment]

[Experimental conclusion]

(3) The bottle of five-color solution is _ _ _ _ _. The chemical equation of white precipitation process is _ _ _ _ _.

[experimental reflection]

(4) Xiao Qiang thinks that the above design experiment can be simplified and still achieve the goal. Xiao Qiang's experimental operation is _ _ _ _. After consulting the data, it is known that the solutions of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in the above five salts are alkaline, while the solutions of the other three salts are neutral. Please design an experimental method to determine what kind of salt the solution is. Briefly describe the experimental operation and phenomenon _ _ _ _ _.

Biological part

Eight, short answer questions (23 points)

40.(5 points) The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of the leaves of green plants. Answer the following questions according to the chart:

1 and 3 in the (1) diagram belong to _ _ _ _ _ tissues of plants.

(2) The organic matter needed for the growth of green plants is mainly synthesized by the cells (numbers in the figure) through photosynthesis, and the raw material CO2 needed for this physiological process mainly enters the leaves through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (numbers in the figure).

(3) Plastic film is often used to cover the ground in early spring sowing in northern areas to provide _ _ _ _ _ _ for seed germination.

(4) In agricultural production, it is necessary to make full use of the light per unit area and prevent the leaves from blocking each other and affecting photosynthesis, so crops should be planted in _ _ _ _.

4 1.(5 points) The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of some physiological activities of the human body. Where A, B and C represent related organs and 1234 represents physiological process, please answer:

(1)B, protein through the process into the blood is _ _ _ _. The harmful substances in the "poison capsule" need to pass through the heart at least _ _ _ _ times after the process, so as to cause damage to the kidney.

(2) There are three ways for human excretion, besides those shown in the figure, it can also be completed by _ _ _ _ (filling structure).

(3) Physiological process ④ indicates _ _ _ _ action.

(4) When the cells in the picture secrete insufficient hormones through the process of (2), diabetes will be formed, so the endocrine gland composed of such cells is _ _ _ _ _.

42.(8 points) The rice harvested from the farm is used as human food and feed for cattle, and the cattle raised are for human consumption. Human and cattle manure is fermented in biogas digesters to produce biogas as energy, and biogas residue and biogas slurry are used as fertilizers for planting rice. Therefore, the answer is as follows:

(1) Write one of the food chains according to the above information: _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) Some bacilli and methanogens in the biogas digester ferment in anaerobic environment to produce biogas. The main structural difference between these bacterial cells and animal and plant cells is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) The technical points of rice field management include rational fertilization, scientific water management and weed control. Weed control is due to the _ _ _ _ relationship between rice and weeds. Scientifically manage water because the water demand of rice is different at different growth stages, the main part of water absorption by rice roots is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) Rice has disease resistance and non-disease resistance, which is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in genetics. If disease resistance is dominant to disease resistance, B is dominant gene and B is recessive gene. Now non-resistant rice pollen has been passed to resistant rice. After all the seeds are planted, the statistical results are as shown on the right. Then the genetic composition of the parent disease-resistant plant is _ _ _ _ _ _, and the probability that it produces a genome to become an egg cell of B is _ _ _ _ _ _.

(5) injecting human growth hormone gene into fertilized eggs of dairy cows through microinjection, and the milk of the cultivated transgenic dairy cows contains growth hormone. Can this trait of dairy cows be inherited? _ _ _ _ _ (Yes, no).

43.(5 points) When students of a junior high school biology interest group explored the topic of "oral digestion of starch", the experimental scheme designed was as follows:

Please complete the following questions:

(1) If the interest group chooses 1 and No.2 test tube for experiment, the experimental variable is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) In order to explore the influence of chewing teeth and tongue agitation on the digestion of steamed bread, 1 and No.3 test tubes should be selected for experiments, so the treatment method at A is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _; It is observed that the experimental phenomenon of No.3 test tube is _ _ _ (blue, not blue).

(3) If 1, 4 or 5 test tubes are selected for the experiment, the questions to be explored are: _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) If the experimental phenomenon of test tube 1 doesn't achieve the expected effect and appears light blue, the possible reason is _ _ _ _ (write one casually).

Huanggang 20 12 Academic Examination for Junior High School Graduates

Comprehensive examination questions of science

Chemical reference answer

First, multiple-choice questions (each question has only one option that meets the meaning of the question, and multiple mistakes are not scored, with 2 points for each question, *** 16 points).

7.C 8。 B 9。 A 10。 B 1 1。 D 12。 B 13。 C 14。 D

5. Fill in the blanks and answer short questions (this question contains 3 small questions, *** 19 points. )

34.( 1) (As long as the answer is reasonable, every space is 1, ***4, and the wrong chemical formula is 0. )

N2 2SO42- H2O2 or H2S NH4HCO3 or (NH4)2SO4, CO(NH2)2, (NH4)2CO3, etc.

(2)( 1) (as long as the answer is reasonable, each item 1 minute, ***4 points, 0 points for incorrect chemical formula writing and 0.5 points for incomplete chemical equation).

2KMnO4 heats k2mno4+MnO2+O2 = C2H5OH+3O2 to ignite 2CO2+3H2O.

Cu+2 agno 3 = = Cu(NO3)2+2Ag na2so 4+bacl 2 = = baso 4↓+2 NaCl

35. (every grid 1 minute, ***6 points)

(1)H2 or CO2 (reasonable); Rust removal of metal surface, etc. (reasonable); SiCl4 + 4H2O == H4SiO4+4HCl

(2) Exercise 1: Correct; Exercise 2: Incorrect, such as a mixture of diamond and graphite (just give a reasonable example);

Exercise 3: Incorrect. For example, the products of complete combustion of C2H5OH are also CO2 and H2O (just give a reasonable example).

36. (Per grid 1 min, ***5 points)

( 1)NaOH； Na2CO3 (other reasonable, such as Na, Na2O, NaHCO3, etc. ); NaOH+HCl==NaCl+H2O

(2)O2； CO+CuO heats Cu+CO2.

Six. Calculation problem (this problem includes 1 small question, ***5 points)

37. solution: let the mass of generated hydrogen be x.

Copper can't react with sulfuric acid, only zinc powder can react with dilute sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen. According to the chemical equation

Zinc+sulfuric acid = = zinc sulfate+H2 ..................... (1)

65 2

13gx .................. (2 points)

Namely: 65x= 13g×2, x = 0.4g .............................. (1min).

Answer: 0.4g can be generated. .......................................................................................................................................................................

Vii. Inquiry and experiment questions (this question includes 2 small questions, *** 10)

38.( 1 * * 4) (1) Calcium carbonate+hydrochloric acid = = calcium chloride +H2O+ carbon dioxide =

(2) conical flask (3)D or E(4)a

39.( 1 minute * * 6 points per space) (1)NaCl (2) There will be no 2 in the lower right corner of Na element in both chemical formulas.

(3)na2co 3 bacl 2+na2co 3 = = BAC O3↓+2 NaCl；

(4) Take a small amount of colorless solution samples in the test tube and slowly add dilute hydrochloric acid.

Put a small piece of pH test paper on the glass, drop the sample solution on the test paper, and compare the color displayed by the test paper with the standard colorimetric card. The pH value of the solution is greater than 7. (Or take a sample of colorless solution in a small test tube, add a few drops of colorless phenolphthalein, and observe that the solution turns red. )

Huanggang 20 12 Academic Examination for Junior High School Graduates

Physical reference answer

First, multiple choice questions

15.A 16。 B 17。 C 18。 A 19。 C 20。 C 2 1。 D 22。 D 23。 B

2. Fill in the blanks and draw pictures

24.1210Ω lamp l is directly connected to the live wire (fill in "no switch is connected between the live wire and the lamp l") 2:3 small.

25. Not in the state of inertial motion (fill in "speed", "speed direction" and "speed magnitude and direction").

26. Reverse melting point of F<V & LT2f

27. The stress diagram is shown.

28. The light path is shown in the figure.

Third, experiment and inquiry.

29.( 1) Right

(2) The circuit diagram is shown in the figure.

(3) Short circuit of light bulb (fill in "voltmeter short circuit" and score) 1.9 left.

30.( 1) Balance condition of lever

(2)ADCB；

(3)2.5× 103kg/m3 (2.5g/cm3 is acceptable).

3 1.( 1) The speed when an object hits the ground (fill in other reasonable guesses such as the shape of the object, the hardness of the object and the ground, the interaction time between the object and the ground, whether it rebounds, the rebound speed, etc.).

(2) control variable method and transformation method (3) imprinting method

Fourth, comprehensive application.

32. Solution: (1) is given by the liquid pressure formula p=ρgh.

Substituting the data, the result is: h=7200m.

(2) Substitute Δ f = Δ g Δ hs into the data to obtain the following solution:

δF = 1× 105n

(3) at t 1 and t2, the pulling force of the lifting device on the detector is F 1 and F2, respectively, the speed of the detector is υ, the drainage volume of the detector is Vt 1 at t1,and the force balance of the detector at t2 includes: f1+ρ gv.

It is known that F2υ=2F 1υ.

Substituting the above three formulas into the data, we can get: V= 1 1m3.

33. Solution: (1) When the armature is sucked down, R 1 and R2 are connected in parallel, and the data is substituted to obtain: R total = 22Ω.

(2) In the state of heat preservation, R2 and R3 are connected in series to form Q T.

Heat loss Q'=

Substitute the data into the above two formulas: q ′ =1.65×105j.

(3) In order to make the control circuit work normally, when r reaches the minimum value of R = 200Ω, the current in the control circuit does not exceed the maximum value, and R0 takes the minimum value.

Substituting I0= into the data, we can get the minimum value of R0, Rn = 200Ω.

When the armature is just sucked down, the total resistance of the control circuit is 600Ω, at which time R = 400Ω, as shown in Figure (b).

The water temperature is 60℃

Huanggang 20 12 Academic Examination for Junior High School Graduates

Biological reference answer

Multiple choice questions (2 points for each small question, *** 12 points)

1.D 2。 A 3。 D 4。 C 5。 B 6。 C

Non-multiple choice questions (65438+ 0 points per grid, ***23 points)

40.(5 points)

(1) Protection (2)2 5 (3) Suitable temperature (4) Reasonable close planting.

4 1.(5 points)

(1) amino acid 2 (2) skin (3) renal tubular reabsorption (4) islet

42.(8 points)

(1) rice → human (rice → cattle → human) (2) unformed nucleus.

(3) Competitive mature area (4) Relative character Bb 1/2(50%) (5) Energy.

43.(5 points)

(1) saliva (saliva; Whether there is saliva or not) (2) It turns blue without stirring.

(3) Does temperature affect the digestion of starch (steamed bread) by saliva? Does temperature affect the digestion of starch in saliva? )

(4) insufficient mixing of steamed bread crumbs and saliva (insufficient stirring; The heat preservation time of test tube is not enough; The amount of salivary amylase in saliva is not enough; Other reasonable answers are given as appropriate)